Inqaku eliBalulekileyo lobuGcisa kunye noKhuseleko: Lo ngumbhalo ongoovimba, owapapashwa kuqala ngu-2018. unyaka, kwaye ingeyiyo incwadi yesikhokelo yangoku yokusebenza kwesinyithi. Ukusika, ukufayila kunye nokugrumba kunokubangela ukusikeka, iitshiphusi ezibukhali nezishushu, iinxalenye zesixhobo sokubhabha, ukubanjiswa kwempahla okanye iinwele, ingxolo, uthuli kunye nokwenzakala kwamehlo. I-workpiece kufuneka igxininiswe ngokuzinzileyo kunye nesixhobo esifanelekileyo, isixhobo kufuneka sichaneke kwaye sijoliswe kwizinto eziphathekayo, kwaye iliso, ukuva kunye nokukhusela ukuphefumula kufuneka kukhethwe ngokovavanyo lomngcipheko. Iiglavu kunye nempahla ekhululekileyo akufuneki isondele kwisixhobo esijikelezayo. Imibhobho kunye neeprofayili ezivaliweyo kufuneka zingabi nanto, zingalayishwa kwaye zibe nomxholo owaziwayo ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe. Ukukhethwa kweblade, ifayile, i-drill, isantya, isondlo kunye nesipholisi okanye ukuthambisa kufuneka kulandele imiyalelo yangoku yesixhobo kunye nomvelisi wezinto eziphathekayo. Amanyathelo okuqala kunye neenkqubo ezikweli phepha azinakuthatha indawo yoqeqesho, izixhobo zokukhusela, okanye ikontraka eqeqeshiweyo.
Ukwenziwa kwesinyithi asiyonxalenye yonikezelo olutsha luka-Savo Kusić. Ugxininiso lwangoku ziifestile zamaplanga, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam, iifestile zesiqhelo kunye neengcango. Ngefestile okanye iprojekthi yocango, ungathumela isicelo sekowuti.
Saw cut
Xa kuchazwa umsebenzi wenkuni, kwakukho intetho eninzi malunga nenkqubo yokusika iinkuni. Ngokusisiseko, phantse yinkqubo efanayo yokusika isinyithi nge-hacksaw. Sibamba isarha kwindawo ethe tye ukuze izikhonkwane zamazinyo zibambe isinyithi (Fig1).
*Umfanekiso1-Saw blade indawo kunye nokujikeleza kwetyhubhu ngexesha lokusika ngesandla *
Imeko ekhethekileyo kukunqunyulwa kombhobho. Ukuba isarha inqumle udonga lombhobho, amazinyo ayo anqumla amacala omabini ombhobho ngaxeshanye, yaye oku kudla ngokubangela ukuba amazinyo aphuke. Ukuze ugweme ezi zinto ziphazamisayo, xa sisebenza, siphendulela umbhobho kwi-mangels ukwenzela ukuba i-saw isike icala elinye kuphela. Ukuba sinqumla umbhobho obhityileyo, sifaka ibha yomthi ejikelezileyo kuyo ukuze ihambelane ngokuqinileyo neendonga zombhobho. Ukuba iindonga zombhobho zingaphantsi kwe-1mm, zinqumle ngesarha esincinci sesandla sokukrola.
Inkcazo yokuguqula umbhobho kunye nokufaka intonga yokhuni igcinwe njengenkqubo yembali, kodwa ayikho indlela yendalo yonke. Umbhobho obhityileyo ukhubazeka ngokulula okanye ukhutshwe kwisibambiso, kwaye umbhobho ongaqhelekanga unokuqulatha uxinzelelo, inkunkuma enokutsha, okanye iisambatho eziyingozi. Indlela yokudibanisa kunye nokusika kufuneka ihambelane nombhobho ochanekileyo, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nesixhobo esikhethiweyo.
UkuFayila
Abenzi bokutshixa basahlekisana nanamhlanje behlawula imali yabafundi bomsebenzi wezandla xa bebathumela kwindawo yokugcina impahla ukuya kukhangela igrisi yefayile. Kuyaziwa ukuba i-oyile kunye negrisi ziintshaba zeefayile, njengoko zithintela ukwahlulwa kwamasuntswana amancinci etships. Umsebenzi wesi sixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukufayila ngoncedo loxinzelelo ngamazinyo alo kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukhuphe uluhlu olungadingekile lwentsimbi. Ukuba kukho i-lubricant phantsi kwamazinyo amancinci, ngoko “ayikulumi”, kodwa isilayidi ebusweni bezinto eziza kucutshungulwa. Oku kulandela ukuba ifayile kufuneka igcinwe ngaphandle kwegrisi. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeefayile zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yesinyithi, eyahlukileyo ngobukhulu, imilo kunye necandelo elinqamlezayo.
Ubude beefayile buqala 100 ukuya 500 mm, kwaye zinokuba nomcaba, zingqukuva, zibengathi zingqukuva, zibentathu kunye nezikwere.
Ngokohlobo lwe-toothing, sihlula phakathi kweefayile ezinqabileyo, ezinqabileyo kunye neefayile ezimbini. Xa ifayile iphelelwe, unikezelo lwayo lunokuhlaziywa. Iifayile ezinjalo zitshiphu. Ifayile iphela ngenqaku elibukhali elakhelwe kwisiphambo somthi.
Kumasifundisane asekhaya, kuyimfuneko ukuba neefayile zamacandelo ahlukeneyo, umz. mcaba, isiqingatha esingqukuva kunye nesiqwenga esinye kwifayile erhabaxa necolekileyo kakhulu 150 mm ubude. Enye isethi yeefayile ezine-serrations ezintathu, ubude 120 mm (indawo yokusebenza yefayile) iyimfuneko: iflat, square, triangular, round and knife file. Ezi fayile azikho izibambo ezikhethekileyo zokhuni, kuba zincinci kwaye zilungile kangangokuba zinokubanjwa ngokuthe ngqo ngezandla. Akuyomfuneko ukubonelela ngefayile ekhethekileyo yokufayilisha iintsimbi ezithambileyo (ialuminiyam, ilothe).
Xa sifaka into ethile, sibamba isicatshulwa sefayile ngesandla sethu sobunxele, kunye nesibambo ngesandla sethu sokunene, sicinezela ifayile, siyidonsa kunye nendiza enye kwaye ngale ndlela ifayile (umfanekiso 2). Sibeka i-workpiece kwi-vise ekuphakameni kwe-elbow.
Umfanekiso 2 — Indawo yefayile kunye nendawo yokusebenza kwivise
Indlela yokufakela isinyithi ayifani kakhulu kwindlela esele iyaziwa yokufaka umthi. Ngokwesidingo sokubumba i-workpiece, sisebenzisa iifayile zeprofayili efanelekileyo. Xa ufaka umgca wento, sibamba ifayile kwindawo ethe tye kunye ne-angle ye-45 ° ngokumalunga nomda okuphela kwayo kusondele kuthi, ukuya kwelinye icala. Sibumba imida yokusikwa, kwi-angle echanekileyo, kunye nefayili ecangcileyo (indiza yesixhobo i-horizontal), kwaye sisuse iileyile ezinobunzima kunye nenxalenye ebanzi yale fayile (umfanekiso 2)
Xa usebenzisa ifayile, isithuba phakathi kwamazinyo sigcwalisa kwaye isixhobo sibambe ngaphantsi nangaphantsi. Ifayile kufuneka ifakwe ngetshokhwe eqhelekileyo ukukhusela ukuvala. Umgubo wetshokhwe unqanda ukuchetywa kwentsimbi ekubeni kubambeke phakathi kwamazinyo. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, oku kwenzeka, siya kususa i-shavings ngebrashi yefayile yobhedu. Xa sigcina iifayile, asize sizishiye phezu komnye nomnye, kuba ukungqubuzana kutshabalalisa i-grooves. Kungcono ukuzixhoma emva kokusetyenziswa ukwenzela ukuba isibambo sibe kwindawo ethe nkqo. Ekubeni singafanele siziqabe ngeoli, siyazosula size sizishiye kwindawo eyomileyo ukuze zingondleki.
Ekugqibeleni, ingcebiso enye kuphela: ifayile “ayibambi” izixhobo zentsimbi kunye neentsimbi ezinzima. Banokuthi “babuthathaka” kuphela ngebhodi yesanti.
Isiphatho esisebenzayo masingonakali kwaye sibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwifayile; indawo engenanto yefayile mayingasetyenziswa njengesiphatho. I-workpiece kufuneka igxininiswe ngokuzinzileyo, kwaye uthuli lwesinyithi kunye ne-shavings kufuneka zisuswe ngebrashi okanye esinye isixhobo esizinikezeleyo, kungekhona ngesandla okanye ngokuvuthela. Ibango levili lokusila akufuneki lisetyenziswe ngaphandle kokukhetha umatshini ofanelekileyo, ibrasive, ukugada kunye nokhuseleko kwiintlantsi nothuli.
Ukubhola
Ngaphantsi kwecandelo elithi “umchweli endlwini” sele sithethile malunga ne-spiral drills yokugrumba isinyithi ngokweenkcukacha, ngoko ngoku siza kukhankanya imisebenzi embalwa kuphela.
Sifanele sinikele ingqalelo ukuba ngexesha lokugaya i-axis ye-drill bit ayitshintshi indawo yayo kodwa ihlala kwindawo efanayo nasekuqaleni kwesinyithi. Ukugrumba imingxunya ye-arc axis akukenzeki nanamhlanje, ngoko kaninzi kuyenzeka ukuba iinkosi ezinamava zithumele abafundi bazo kungekuphela nje kwi-lubricant yefayile, kodwa kunye nokugrumba imingxuma ye-arc.
Ukwemba akufuneki kuqalwe ngaphandle kokumakisha kuqala indawo yokomba ngesiphawuli - »kirner« (umfanekiso 3). Xa ubhobhoza umngxuma onzulu, sithatha i-drill bit ngaphandle komngxuma amaxesha amaninzi ukususa i-chip. Ukuba i-drill ishushu, siyipholisa ngesepha enyibilike emanzini, kwaye ungalokothi nayo nayiphi na ioli. Siza kususa i-drill drill bit ukusuka emngxunyeni, kunye neepliers ezicacileyo, ngokuguqula iipliers kwicala elichasene nokuhamba kwe-spiral groove. Ukuba i-drill ihlabe i-workpiece, kwaye inxalenye ephukileyo ihlala emngxunyeni, sinokuyinkqonkqoza ngophawu olucacileyo. Ii-Thin twist drills zophuka lula phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ubunzima be-drill bubanele ngumthwalo kubo. Xa uthenga, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba i-drill ingangena kwi-chuck.
Iingcebiso malunga nesepha, akukho oli, ukususa i-drill bitana eyaphukileyo, kunye nokugqobhoza indawo ngesiphawuli ziingxelo zembali, hayi umthetho wokhuseleko jikelele. Isipholisi sixhomekeke kwizinto kunye nokusebenza; ngaphambi kokususa isixhobo esixineneyo okanye esaphukileyo, umatshini kufuneka umiswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye unqanyulwe kunikezelo lwamandla. Isuntswana le-drill eyonakeleyo kunye neqhekeza elingazinzanga lingahamba ngesiquphe, ngoko inkqubo ifuna isigwebo kunye nesixhobo esifanelekileyo.
*Umfanekiso 3 — Ukulungiswa komda kunye nokumakishwa kwechaphaza lendawo yokomba *
Luhlobo luni lomngxuma oluya kugrunjwa luxhomekeke kakhulu kulungiselelo lwangaphambili lomsebenzi. Ke ngoko, siya kubonisa imisebenzi emininzi ngexesha lolungiselelo.
Ngaphambi kokugaya, nayiphi na isinyithi, kufuneka siphawule ngokuchanekileyo indawo yokugaya kunye nemigca emibini edibanisa kwii-angles ezifanelekileyo. Umbindi wokugrumba ubekwe kwindawo yokudibanisa le migca. Kuya kuba lula ukudweba imigca ukuba ihambelana nemida ye-workpiece, kwaye sinokukwenza oku ngokusebenzisa i-angle yensimbi - i-knife angle. Siphawula iindawo zokomba ezilinganayo omnye komnye ngekhampasi yentsimbi, hayi isikali sentsimbi. Masiphawule iindawo ezimbini zokuqala zokomba kwaye sizobe umgca othe ngqo omde phakathi kwazo. Ngomlawuli wesinyithi, sidlulisela umgama phakathi kwamanqaku amabini okuqala kumgca obonisiweyo. Kwaye ke siphawula ezinye iindawo zokomba.
Sijulisa iindawo eziphawulweyo ngemakisha ukwenzela ukuba incam ye-drill ingatyibiliki. Sibeka uphawu lokumakisha ichaphaza kunye nencam yalo kwindawo ethile, kodwa sithambekele kancinane, kwaye emva kokuyilungisa, sibetha isiphelo samahhala ngesando.
Imizimba esebenzayo, ngaphambi kokugaya, kufuneka ilungiswe kakuhle. Kukho amathuba amaninzi oku. Iprofayili yensimbi “U” igxininiswe kwitheyibhile yomsebenzi ngokusebenzisa i-washer enyathelweyo, i-screw okanye isiqwenga seprofayili “U”, esinqunywe ngesarha ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Sinokubhobhoza umda wentsimbi exande - winkle. Okokuqala sifake i-edge yentsimbi ye-angle kwaye siphawule indawo yokugaya ngenaliti kunye nesixhobo sokumakisha i-dot, evumela ukubhola kwentsimbi ye-angle.
Umfanekiso4— Ukuxhasa into engqukuva xa kugrunjwa
Kufanelekile ukwenza i-clamp ekhethekileyo eyenziwe ngentsimbi egobileyo (inokuthi ibe yi-roller shutter guide) yokuqinisa iintonga ezijikelezayo, ezinemicu ene-nut ekupheleni (umfanekiso 4). Singayamkela imibhobho ngestirrup ngesikrufu. Le ndlela ivumela ukuba singaneli nje ukugrumba kodwa nokusika imibhobho. Siya kuthintela ukuhamba kwentsimbi ye-angle ukuba sibeka umlenze omnye we-angle kwi-cross-cut yakhiwe cut. Ukuba ikona imfutshane, siyayamkela nge-clamp kunye ne-drill. Semba i-ayini emfutshane ecaba ngokuyicinezela ngesibambiso. (umfanekiso 5).
Umfanekiso 5 — Ibamba elikhethekileyo lokubamba icwecwe
Umngxuma akufuneki ube nzulu kakhulu, ukuba asifuni ukugrumba iworkpiece. Singakwazi ukufezekisa oku ngokulula ukuba sibeka ikhonkco enye ngekhoyili kwi-drill, ukwenzela ukulungelelanisa ubunzulu bomngxuma, oko kukuthi unamathele i-gauge yobunzulu kwi-drill bit. Ngaphambi kokubhoboza imingxuma enobubanzi obukhulu (umzekelo 8 mm), siqhuba i-workpiece nge-drill encinci ye-diameter drill (umzekelo kunye nobubanzi be-4 mm). Kule nto, i-insole ejiyileyo ayiyi kukhasa. Siqhubela ngaphambili umngxuma we-screws, kwaye emva kwentloko ye-screw. Ukungcwaba intloko yesijivu kwenziwa ngokwandisa kwangaphambili kunye nokungena nzulu komngxuma. Ububanzi be-countersink kufuneka bube bukhulu kancinci kunobubanzi bentloko ye-screw.
Ukumisa ubunzulu, u-pre-drilling, i-drill diameter kunye ne-countersinking ye-screw head ikhethwe ngokomatshini, izinto eziphathekayo, ijometri edibeneyo kunye nesicelo somenzi. Iringi ephuculweyo mayingaqhawuki okanye ibambe iindawo ezijikelezayo. Imilinganiselo esuka kumzekelo ihlala iyinxalenye yombhalo wokuqala, kodwa ayilulo oluchazwe jikelele.
Indawo ye-drill bits inempembelelo enkulu kubomi babo. Esona sisombululo silula sokwakhela iidrill yilath enye yobukhulu obukhulu, apho siye sagrumba iindawo ngokuthe nkqo ukuze sikwamkele (nangona oku kusonjwa kweeplanga kungasebenzisi into efakwayo, ukusetyenziswa nje akuyonakalisi).
Kwimingxuma eqhutywe ngolu hlobo, emva kokucoca kunye ne-lubrication ecocekileyo, sibeka i-drill bits ngokuthe nkqo kunye ne-roller ekupheleni. Isakhelo se-drill akufanele sithambekele kwicala, kodwa kucetyiswa ukuba i-slat ifakwe phantsi okanye kwicala leshelufu yesixhobo.
Emfanekisweni6siya kubonisa ii-angles ze-twist drill ezisetyenziselwa uhlobo oluhlukeneyo lwezinto zokusebenza kunye nendlela yokubumba i-blade kunye nenxalenye ye-cylindrical.
Umfanekiso6-Umboniso wembali yejiyometri yencam ye-drill bit kunye nesibambi setaper
Ii-engile kunye nezahlulo ze-drill ezibonisiweyo zigcinwe njengomzekeliso wembali. I-geometry ye-tip, izinto eziphathekayo ze-drill bit, i-grip, i-revolutions, i-feed kunye nokupholisa zikhethwa ngokwe-drill bit ethile, umatshini kunye nezinto zokusebenza; umzobo awanelanga ukukhetha okanye ukulola isixhobo.