Yakakosha Tekinoroji uye Chengetedzo Cherechedzo: Aya magwaro emudura, akaburitswa ne 2018. gore, uye kwete bhuku remazuva ano rekugadzira simbi. Kucheka, kuisa uye kuchera kunogona kukonzera kuchekwa, kupinza uye kupisa machipisi, maturusi emidziyo inobhururuka, kupindira muzvipfeko kana bvudzi, ruzha, guruva uye kukuvara kwemaziso. Iyo workpiece inofanirwa kusungirirwa zvine mutsindo nemudziyo wakakodzera, chishandiso chinofanirwa kuve chakarurama uye chakanangana nechinhu chacho, uye ziso, kunzwa uye kudzivirira kufema kunofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nenjodzi yekuongorora. Magirovhosi uye zvipfeko zvisina kusimba hazvifanirwe kusvika pedyo nechishandiso chinotenderera. Mapombi uye akavharwa profiles anofanirwa kunge asina chinhu, asunungurwe uye ezvinozivikanwa zvirimo zvisati zvagadziriswa. Sarudzo yeblade, faira, chibooreso, kumhanya, chikafu uye chinotonhodza kana kuzora mafuta inofanira kutevedzera mirairo iripo yechishandiso uye mugadziri wezvinhu. Matanho ekutanga nemaitiro ari papeji ino haasi kutsiva kudzidziswa, midziyo yekudzivirira, kana mugadziri wekondirakiti ane hunyanzvi.
Metal processing haisi chikamu chitsva cheruzhinji chinopihwa cheSavo Kusić. Parizvino pari kutariswa mahwindo emapuranga, mahwindo emapuranga-aluminium, mahwindo etsika uye magonhi. Kune hwindo kana chirongwa chegonhi, unogona kutumira chikumbiro chekotesheni.
Saw yekucheka
Pakutsanangura basa rekugadzira huni, pakanga pane hurukuro yakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa matanda. Chaizvoizvo, ingangove nzira imwechete yekucheka simbi nehacksaw. Isu tinobata saha panzvimbo yakachinjika kuitira kuti maspikes emazino abate simbi (Fig.1)
*Mufananidzo1-Saw blade chinzvimbo uye kutenderera kwechubhu panguva yekucheka manyore *
Nyaya yakakosha kucheka pombi. Kana jeko rakacheka nemadziro epombi, mazino aro anocheka mativi ose epombi panguva imwe chete, uye izvi zvinowanzokonzera mazino kuputsika. Kuti tidzivise zvipingamupinyi izvi, patinenge tichishanda, tinoshandura pombi mumangels kuitira kuti saw inocheka rutivi rumwe chete. Kana isu tichicheka pombi yakaonda-yakakomberedzwa, tinoisa danda rakatenderera mukati maro kuitira kuti inyatsopindirana nemadziro epombi. Kana madziro epombi ari pasi pe 1mm, cheka neruoko rudiki saha yekuveza.
Tsanangudzo yekushandura pombi uye kuisa tsvimbo yehuni inochengetedzwa senzira yezvakaitika kare, asi haisi nzira yepasi rose. Pombi nhete inokanganisika zviri nyore kana kuburitswa kubva pachibatiso, uye pombi isingazivikanwe inogona kunge iine dzvinyiriro, marara anopfuta moto, kana mabhachi ane ngozi. Nzira yekusunga nekucheka inofanirwa kuenderana nepombi chaiyo, zvinhu uye chishandiso chakasarudzwa.
Kuisa
Makiyi vachiri kuseka nhasi vachibhadharira vadzidzi vebasa rekuita pavanenge vavatumira kuimba yekuchengetera zvinhu kunotsvaga girisi yemafaira. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mafuta negirizi vavengi vemafaira, sezvo vachidzivirira kupatsanurwa kwezvidimbu zvidiki zvemachipisi. Basa rechishandiso ichi chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nderekuisa nerubatsiro rwekumanikidza nemeno ayo uye panguva imwechete kubvisa isingakoshi yesimbi. Kana pane mafuta pasi pemazino maduku, saka “haaruma”, asi anotsvedza pamusoro pechinhu chinofanira kugadziriswa. Izvi zvinotevera kuti faira inofanira kuchengetwa isina mafuta. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemafaira dzinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwesimbi, iyo inosiyana muhukuru, chimiro uye chikamu-chikamu.
Kureba kwemafaira kunobva pa 100 kusvika 500 mm, uye anogona kunge akafuratira, akatenderera, semi-round, triangular uye sikweya.
Maererano nemhando yemazino, isu tinosiyanisa pakati peakaomarara, semi-yakanaka uye maviri mafaera akanaka. Kana faira zvarasakara, kurongeka kwaro kunogona kuvandudzwa. Mafaira akadaro akachipa. Iyo faira inopera neinopinza inovakirwa mubato wemapuranga.
Mumusangano wepamba, zvinodikanwa kuve nemafaira ezvikamu zvakasiyana, semuenzaniso. flat, semi-round uye chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chezvakakora uye faira rakanyanya kunaka re 150 mm kureba. Imwe seti yemafaira ane matatu serrations, kureba 120 mm (nzvimbo yekushanda yefaira) inodiwa: flat, square, triangular, round uye banga faira. Aya mafaira haana zvibato zvemapuranga zvakakosha, nokuti zviduku uye zvakanaka zvokuti zvinogona kubatwa zvakananga nemaoko. Hazvina kunyanyisa kupa yakakosha faira yekusevha simbi dzakapfava (aruminiyamu, mutobvu).
Patinoisa chimwe chinhu, tinobata chidimbu chefaira neruoko rweruboshwe, uye chibatiso neruoko rwerudyi, tichidzvanya faira, tinoidhonza pamwe chete nendege imwechete uye nenzira iyi faira (mufananidzo 2). Isu tinoisa workpiece muvise pahupamhi hwegokora.
Mufananidzo 2 - Nzvimbo yefaira uye workpiece mune vise
Iyo nzira yekuisa simbi haina kunyanya kusiyana nenzira yagara ichizivikanwa yekuisa huni. Maererano nekudikanwa kwekugadzira workpiece, tinoshandisa mafaira eprofile yakakodzera. Kana tichiisa mupendero wechinhu, tinobata faira munzvimbo yakatwasuka uye pakona ye 45° maererano nechekumucheto uyo mugumo uri pedyo nesu, uchienda kune rumwe rutivi. Isu tinogadzirisa micheto yekucheka, pakona yakarurama, nefaira yakatsetseka (ndege yechishandiso yakatwasuka), uye bvisa zvidimbu zvakakora nechikamu chakafara chefaira iyi (mufananidzo 2).
Paunenge uchishandisa faira, nzvimbo iri pakati pemazino inozadza uye chishandiso chinobata zvishoma nezvishoma. Iyo faira inofanira kuvharwa nechako yakajairwa kudzivirira kuvhara. Choko poda inodzivirira kugerwa kwesimbi kubva kunamira pakati pemazino. Kana, zvisinei, izvi zvikaitika, tichabvisa shavings nebhurashi refaira rendarira. Patinochengeta mafaira, hatimboasiye pamusoro peumwe neumwe, nekuti kukakavara kunoparadza grooves. Zvakanakisisa kuvarembera mushure mekushandisa kuitira kuti mubato uri panzvimbo yakatwasuka. Sezvo tisingafaniri kudzizora nemafuta, tinodzipukuta todzisiya panzvimbo yakaoma kuti dzirege kuita ngura.
Pakupedzisira, imwezve matipi: iyo faira “haibate” maturusi esimbi nesimbi dzakaoma. Vanogona chete “kupera simba” nejecha rejecha.
Mubato wekushanda unofanirwa kunge usina kukuvara uye wakanyatsoiswa pafaira; nzvimbo isina chinhu yefaira haifaniri kushandiswa sechibato. Iyo workpiece inofanira kusungirirwa zvakasimba, uye guruva resimbi uye shavings zvinofanira kubviswa nebhurashi kana chimwe chinhu chakatsaurirwa, kwete nemaoko kana nekuputika. Mavhiri ekukuya haafanire kuiswa pasina kusarudza muchina wakakodzera, abrasive, kurinda uye kudzivirira kubva papfumvudza neguruva.
Kuchera
Pasi pechikamu che “muvezi mumba” takatotaura nezve spiral drills yekudhirowa kwesimbi zvakadzama, saka ikozvino tichangonongedza mashoma ekuita basa.
Tinofanira kuchenjerera kuti panguva yekuchera axis yebhiti yekuboora haichinji nzvimbo yayo asi inoramba iri munzvimbo imwechete sezvayaive pakutanga kwekuchera simbi. Kuchera arc axis maburi hakusati kwave kukwanisika nhasi, saka zvinowanzoitika kuti vanatenzi vane ruzivo vanotumira vadzidzi vavo kwete chete kumafuta emafuta, asiwo mabheti ekuchera maburi arc.
Kuchera hakufanire kutangwa usina kutanga wamaka nzvimbo yekucheresa nechiratidzo - »kirner« (mufananidzo 3). Pakuchera gomba rakadzika, tinotora chibooreso kubva mugomba kakawanda kuti tibvise chip. Kana chibooreso chikapisa, tinochitonhodza nesipo yakanyungudutswa mumvura, uye kwete nemafuta. Tichabvisa chidimbu chakaputsika kubva mugomba, nemapuranga akanongedza, nekushandura mapepa kune rumwe rutivi rwekufamba kwe spiral groove. Kana iyo drill yakabaya workpiece, uye chikamu chakatyoka chinoramba chiri mugomba, tinogona kuchigogodza nechiratidzo chakanongedza. Matete twist drills anotsemuka zviri nyore pasi pekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro. Huremu hwechibhorani hwakakwana mutoro kwavari. Paunenge uchitenga, unofanira kuona kuti chibhorani chinokwanisa kukwana muchuck.
Zvinorudziro nezve sipo, pasina mafuta, kubvisa chibooreso chakatyoka, uye kubaya chikamu nechiratidzo zvirevo zvenhoroondo, kwete mutemo wekuchengetedza. Iyo inotonhodza inotsamira pane zvinhu uye kushanda; usati wabvisa chigadziro kana chakaputsika, muchina unofanirwa kumira zvachose uye kubviswa kubva pamagetsi. Chibooreso chakakuvadzwa uye chimedu chisina kugadzikana chinogona kufamba nekuerekana, saka maitiro acho anoda kutonga uye chishandiso chakakodzera.
Mufananidzo 3 - Kugadzirira kwemupendero uye chiratidzo chedoti chenzvimbo yekuchera
Imhando ipi yegomba ichacherwa zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nekugadzirira kwekare kwechishandiso. Naizvozvo, ticharatidza akati wandei kushanda panguva yekugadzirira.
Tisati tachera, chero simbi, tinofanira kunyatsomaka nzvimbo yekuchera nemitsara miviri inopindirana pamakona chaiwo. Pakati pechibhorani chiri panzvimbo yemharadzano yemitsara iyi. Zvichave zviri nyore kudhirowa mitsetse kana yakaenzana kumicheto yeworkpiece, uye isu tinogona kuita izvi nekushandisa kona yesimbi - banga banga. Tinomaka nzvimbo dzekuchera dzakaenzana kubva kune imwe neimwe nekambasi yesimbi, kwete sikero yesimbi. Ngatimakai nzvimbo mbiri dzekutanga dzekuchera todhirowa mutsara wakatwasuka nepakati padzo. Isu tinoendesa kureba pakati pemapoinzi maviri ekutanga kumutsara wakaratidzwa nemutongi wesimbi. Uye saka tinomaka dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchera.
Isu tinodzamisa nzvimbo dzakaiswa nechiratidzo kuitira kuti chibooreso chisatsvedza. Tinoisa dot marking marker nemuromo wayo mune imwe nzvimbo, asi zvishoma, uye mushure mekugadzirisa, tinorova kuguma kwekusununguka nenyundo.
Mitumbi inoshanda, isati yachera, inofanira kunyatsogadziriswa. Pane zvakawanda zvingaita izvi. Simbi “U” purogiramu inogadziriswa patafura yebasa nenzira yewashi yakatsika, screw kana chidimbu che “U” profile, iyo yakatemwa nesaha nenzira yakakodzera.
Tinogona kudhiraivha kumucheto kwesimbi rectangular - winkle. Isu tinotanga kuisa mupendero wekona iron uye tinomaka nzvimbo yekuchera netsono uye dot yekumaka chishandiso, iyo inobvumira kudhirowa kwekona iron.
Mufananidzo4-Kutsigira chinhu chakatenderera pakuchera
Zvakakosha kugadzira simbi yakakosha yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakotama (inogonawo kunge iri roller shutter gidhi) yekumisikidza matanda-akatenderera-chikamu, ane shinda ine nati kumagumo (mufananidzo 4). Tinogona kugamuchira mapaipi ane stirup ane sikuruu. Iyi nzira inotibvumira kwete kungochera chete asiwo kucheka pombi. Tichadzivirira kufamba kwekona yesimbi kana tikaisa gumbo rimwe rekona mumuchinjikwa-akagadzirwa akacheka. Kana kona yacho ipfupi, tinoigamuchira nechirambi uye drill. Tinoboora simbi pfupi yakati sandara nekuisunga nechisungo. (mufananidzo 5).
Mufananidzo 5 - Special clamp yekubata workpiece
Gomba harifanire kunge rakadzika zvakanyanya, kana isu tisingadi kuboora workpiece. Isu tinokwanisa kuita izvi zviri nyore kana tikaisa mhete imwe ine coil pa drill bit, kuitira kugadzirisa kudzika kwegomba, i.e. batanidza yakadzika gauge kune drill bit. Tisati tachera maburi ane dhayamita yakakura (semuenzaniso 8 mm), tinochera workpiece nediki dhayamita drill (semuenzaniso nedhayamita ye 4 mm). Mune izvi, iyo insole yakakura haizokambaira. Isu tinofanochera gomba kune screws, uye ipapo ye screw head. Kuviga screw head kunoitwa nekuwedzera kuwedzera nekudzika kwegomba. Iyo dhayamita ye countersink inofanira kunge yakakura zvishoma pane dhayamita ye screw head.
Kumira kwakadzama, kudhirowa kwekutanga, dhiraivha yedhiraivha uye kunyura kwescrew musoro zvinosarudzwa zvinoenderana nemuchina, zvinhu, jiometri yejoint uye chikumbiro chemugadziri. Ring yakagadziridzwa haifanire kutsemuka kana kubata pazvikamu zvinotenderera. Zviyero zvinobva pamuenzaniso zvinoramba zviri chikamu chezvinyorwa zvepakutanga, asi hazvisi zvepasi rose.
Nzvimbo yezvibooreso zvine simba guru pahupenyu hwavo. Mushonga wakareruka wekugadzirisa zvibhorani ilath imwe yeukobvu hukuru, patakacherera nzvimbo dzakatwasuka nemadhiri edu kuti agare (kunyangwe uku kuchera huni kusashandisa chinoisa, kamwe chete hachikuvadzi).
Mumakomba akacheneswa nenzira iyi, mushure mekuchenesa uye mafuta akanaka, tinoisa mabheti ekuchera vertically ne-roller end pasi. Chibooreso chefuremu hachifanirwe kurerekera padivi, asi zvinokurudzirwa kuti slat irove pasi kana kudivi resherufu yezvishandiso.
Mumufananidzo6isu ticharatidza makona e-twist drill inoshandiswa kune yakasiyana-siyana yezvinhu zvebasa pamwe chete nenzira yekugadzira blade uye chikamu checylindrical.
*Mufananidzo6- Nhoroondo kuratidzwa kweiyo geometry yeiyo drill bit tip uye taper inobata *
Makona uye kupatsanurwa kwezvibodzwa zvakaratidzwa zvakachengetwa semufananidzo wenhoroondo. Iyo geometry yetipi, zvinhu zve drill bit, grip, marevolutions, chikafu uye kutonhora kunosarudzwa maererano neiyo chaiyo drill bit, muchina uye inoshanda zvinhu; kudhirowa hakuna kukwana pakusarudza kana kurodza mudziyo.