Ngā tukanga whakaora
Ko te huarahi tika anake mō te manawa āwhina ko te tukanga “waha-ki-te-ihu-ki-te-waha”. Hei whakamahi i tēnei tukanga me tuatahi whakanoho te māhunga o te tūroro kia tino hiki ake te kauae me te kauae raro (sl. 1, 1. wāhanga). Me tango te paru (te paraehae me ērā atu) me ngā niho rūnanga (ngā proteza) i te waha o te tūroro, ā, me aro kia kaua te arero e paheke whakamuri kia kore e aukati i ngā ara manawa.
Ka mahia te manawa whakakapi mā te hā i te hau hou i te nui rawa e taea ana e mātou, ā, ka »pupuhi« ki te waha - ihu o te tūroro (sl. 1, 2. deo). Hei karo i te mate, ka taea te whakatakoto i tētahi tauera angiangi ki te waha o te tūroro. Kei roto tonu i te hau ka pupuhitia e mātou he nui tonu te hāora hei painga mō te tangata whara. I te wā kotahi me te whakahaere i te manawa whakakapi, me pēhi māmā te kōpū uma o te tūroro i te takiwā o te ngākau (kia tūpato kei whati ngā rara!), hei āwhina i te tohanga toto mā te pēhi i te toto ki waho i te ngākau. Ina whakangāwarihia te kōpū uma, ka taea anō te whakakī te ngākau i te toto, ā, mā tēnei ka tutuki te manawa whakakapi me te mahi o te ngākau. Me haere tonu tēnei kia tīmata anō te tūroro ki te manawa āna anō, ā, kia tīmata anō tōna ngākau te patu (sl. 1, 3. deo), arā rānei kia tae mai te tākuta.
ATA 1
Ko te paitini nā ngā matū kāore e pirau, ka hua mai i te tango i ngā horopeta hē, i ngā horopeta nui rawa rānei o ngā rongoā, o ngā harore me ngā kai kua pokehia e ngā huakita nō te rōpū paratifoiti.
Mēnā ka pā mai tēnei momo paitini, ko te mahi tuatahi me te tino tere ko te whakawātea i te puku me ngā whekau o te tūroro. Mai i te puku kāore anō kia kī, ka tae te wai ki roto i ngā whekau i roto i te 10 m min., ā, ko ngā matū mārō, i runga anō i te kounga me te rahinga, i roto i te 1-6 hāora. Mēnā kei te mōhio te tūroro, me hoatu tonutia kia inumia e ia tata ki te rua koko o te waro rongoā (ka taea te tiki i ngā whare rongoā, ka konatunatua ki roto i te karaehe wai kohuke, ā, ka taea hoki te wai noa). Muri iho me whakaohooho te tūroro kia ruaki (mā te tīhae i te pakitara o runga o te korokoro ki te kakau koko). Ahakoa i angitū te ruaki, i muri i te 3-4 m meneti me hoatu anō ki te tūroro 2 koko o te waro rongoā me te wai. Me karanga tonu te tākuta, me tuku rānei te tūroro ki te hōhipera.
Paitini nā ngā matū ngau (kaustik). Ka puta te paitini nā ngā momo matū koi e rua: nā ngā waikawa me ngā kawakore.
Mai i ngā kawakore (soda kauruku, soda, tote kawakore) ka tangohia ngā wāhanga o te kiri māeneene i ngā ngutu, i te arero, i te waha, i te whātukuhu kai, i te puku, ā, he toto te nuinga o te huware e puta ana, ā, he paheke ki te pā atu. Ka pupuhi ngā ngutu me te arero, ka puta te mamae i te korokoro, i te whātukuhu kai, i te puku, ngā kōnoretanga me te ruaki. Me hoatu ki te tangata kua whara i te kawakore he wai me te rēmana, he winika rānei (1-2 punetēpu winika ki roto i te 5 dl. wai) rānei 3%-wai boric-kore, ā muri iho ko te miraka, ko te 1-2 punetēpu hinu kai noa.
Ngā tohu o te paitini waikawa i te waha: te kai me ngā weranga i te kiriuhi mucous (ka puta i te waikawa pungatara ngā weranga pango, i te waikawa tote ngā mā, ā, i te waikawa hauota ngā kōwhai). He kōhikohiko te pā o te hāngū e puta ana, ā, he reka kawa tōna.
He nui ngā mamae o te tūroro i te kōpū, he kōpikopiko, ā, e ruaki ana. Me hoatu ki a ia he miraka, he hinu, he pūmua rānei (hēki) kua whakaranu katoa ki te wai iti. Muri iho, hoatu ki a ia e 1-2 punetēpu (kawhe) o te konupūmā tunutunu kua waimehatia ki te haurua kapu wai, kia inumia mā ngā horomanga iti. Ka tino rāhuitia te whakaohooho kia ruaki ngā tāngata kua paitini i ngā matū kawa.
Tino nui! mēnā he toto kei roto i tā te tūroro i ruaki ai, ka rāhuitia te whakapataritari anō kia ruaki!
Te āwhina tuatahi inā pā mai te hiko
Me whakaora te tangata i whara i te iahiko hiko. Mēnā e taea ana, me whakaweto tonu te waea hiko i te iahiko mā te whakawhiti, mā te tango i te pūmau, mā te motu rānei o te waea. Me whakahaere noa te motu mā ngā taputapu whakakāhore iahiko, hei tauira mā tētahi kongakonga rākau maroke, ā, hei huarahi whakamutunga rānei, mā tētahi toki me te kakau maroke, mā ngā kūtete rānei me te kakau tāpiri-kore.
I ngā take motuhake me hanga he ia poto. Me tino tūpato te kaiwhakaora ki te whakamāmā i āna ake ringa me ōna waewae, nō reira me tū ia ki runga i tētahi papa kāore ōna whao, ki ētahi kākahu maroke, ki tētahi tūru rānei. Me tiaki hoki tana ringa, hei tauira mā te ringaringa o tana koti, mā tētahi tauera maroke, mā ngā karapu rapa, nylon rānei.
Me whakatakoto e te kaiwhakaora he papa wewete ārai ki raro i te tangata i whara, hei tauira, he papa rākau maroke, he taputapu rākau kāore he wāhanga whakarewa, he tauera maroke, he papa PVC. Ko te mea pai rawa mēnā ka peke ake te tangata i whara i a ia anō, ā, ka wewete i a ia anō i te pānga ki te hiko, rānei mēnā ka hiki te kaiwhakaora i te tangata i whara i muri i tana whakawātea i a ia anō i te whenua. Ka taea te pā atu ki te tangata i whara i taua wā anake mēnā he kōtuitui korehapa te wewete. Me unu takitahi, me āta unu ngā matimati o te tangata i whara i te pā, ā, me takai anō ki te tauera maroke, ki ētahi atu papanga rānei.
Mēnā kua takaia te waea hiko ki te tangata i whara, me momotu te aho mā ngā ringaringa kua whakamarumarutia, ā, me whakatika te pito o te aho e mau ana te ia kia kore ai e puta anō he aituā.
Me tīmata tonu te whakaora, kāore he tikanga hei whakaroa, kāore e tika kia waiho te tangata i whara kia kore he āwhina. I muri i te motunga o te hiko, me whakatakoto te tangata i whara kia takoto papatahi, me whakangāwari ōna kākahu, ā, me tango katoatia ngā kākahu i te taha o runga o te tinana, me whakarite he mārama me te hau mā. Kaua te māhunga o te tangata i whara e tarewa, engari me hiki paku ake me whakatakoto tētahi mea ki raro i te māhunga (hei tauira, he koti kua takaihia).
Mēnā kei te kore mōhio te tangata i whara, me whakamātau tonu te whakaora, kāore he kōwhiringa kē atu.
Me tirotiro i te wā kotahi te waha me ngā pongāihu o te tangata i whara kia kite mēnā e taea tonutia ana te tuku hau. Me tango atu te huware, ngā toenga kai me te niho rūpahu. Kāore e whakaaetia te ringi wai ki te waha. Mēnā kāore te tangata i whara e manawa ana, me tīmata tonu te manawa tāwhai. Ka āwhinatia te whakaora mā te parai i ngā kapu waewae, te enema, te riringi kōtahi, te rerekē rānei o te pouaka me te puku ki te wai māhana, ki te wai mātao rānei, engari kaua e whakamutua te manawa tāwhai. Mēnā ka hoki te mahara o te tangata i pāngia, me tiaki tonu ia, kaua hoki e waiho noa. Me hoatu he inu māhana ki a ia (te kawhe, te tī, te waipiro me ērā atu) engari me noho tonu ia i te tūnga hauraro.
E ai ki te wheako, ka taea te waiho ā-momotu ngā whara māmā me ngā whara ā-rohe kāore e arohia mō te wā poto (ā muri ake me tuku āwhina hauora), engari me tuku tonu te āwhina hauora ki te hunga whara e toto ana.
Ngā para, ngā maramara, ngā matūriki puehu. Ka taea te tango i te puehu, te para, te pepeke rānei i te karu mā te kukume i te kamo raro, ā, ka muku atu ki te kāriki mā, ki te tauera pepa rānei. Mēnā kei raro te mea i te kamo runga, me mau te kamo runga ki waenganui ka kukume whakamua ki runga i te kamo raro, kia pā ai ngā kamo ki te mata o roto o te kamo runga. Ki te kore e taea te tango i te mea tauhou mā tēnei huarahi, kaua e whakamātau anō; engari me here te karu kua whara, ā, me rapu āwhina tākuta.
Ko te mea tauhou kua uru ki te pongāihu me ngana tātou ki te tango mā te aukati i tētahi atu pongāihu, ā, ka kaha te pupuhi mā te ihu. Ki te kore e tutuki mā tēnei huarahi, me rapu āwhina hauora.
Ko te tango i ngā mea tauhou kua taka ki te taringa me tuku mā te tākuta, nā te mea i te whakamātau ki te tango ka whara pea tātou i te pakaru taringa. Ki te taka tētahi pepeke ki te taringa, me riringi tētahi tīpune iti o te hinu, pata rewa, wai rānei ki te taringa (i te tūnga takoto) ā, me pupuri mō te 10-15 m meneti.
Me whai tātou ki te tango pēnei i te mea tauhou kua tae ki te pūkahukahu mā te tono ki te tangata kua whara kia hongi hohonu, ā, ka patupatua mariretia ia ki ngā tuarā i waenga i ngā pakihiwi. Mēnā kāore te mea kua mau ki te pūkahukahu i te koi, me hoatu he wai ki te tangata kua whara, ā, muri iho ko te pokapū o te parāoa (meču) me ngā kai hāngū. Kua rāhuitia te hoatu i ngā rongoā horoi i ēnei āhuatanga. E tika ana te aroturuki a te rata.
Ko te tara i tau ki raro i te whao, me whakamātau anake ki te tango mēnā he tino roa te wāhanga e puta ana ki waho kia taea ai te kapo mā te kūmau, mā te tauera rānei. Ki te angitu te tango, me tuku kia iti te rere o te toto o te patunga, kātahi ka pania ki te iotīni, ā, ka whakatakotoria he takai.
Te kawe atu i te tangata whara
Ehara i te mea māmā te kawe atu i te tangata i whara, me whai pūkenga, tūpato me te kaha ā-tinana tika mō tēnei. Ko te kawe hē i te tangata i whara ka whakapiki i te mamae, ka whakakino hoki i te āhuatanga.
Tuatahi ake me mātua whakatau mēnā kei te āhua pēnei te tūroro e taea ai te tuku atu, ā, ka taea te tuku atu mēnā kua hoatu he āwhina ki a ia, e ai ki ngā ture o te āwhina tuatahi. I mua i te tuku atu me whakaiti te toto e rere ana, me whakatakoto he takai ki te whara, ā, me whakakorikori kore ngā peka whati.
Ki te roa ake te haerenga ki te hōhipera, me whakamāori te tangata i whara, mēnā ka taea, mā te tī, mā te kawhe rānei. Me karo te hoatu waipiro (konaka me ērā atu). I te wā e kawea atu ana, me aroturuki tonu te tangata i whara, me tirotiro tonu, ā, ki te mānukanuka, ki te mānene rānei te takai, te here whakaritenga rānei, me whakatika wawe. Ki te ngaro te mahara, ki te ngoikore rānei te mahi a te manawa, me whakamahi ngā tikanga whakaora tika.
Ko te tikanga whakawhiti ka whakawhirinaki tonu ki te momo wharanga me te maha o ngā kaiwhakaora me te momo o ngā taputapu whakawhiti e wātea ana.
Me mahi whakaaro nui, marino, whai āta noho hoki te hiki me te kapo i te tūroro. Me karo i ngā ru kōhiku katoa. Kaua e mākūkū te kākahu o te tangata kua whara, ā, ina hiki ana i a ia, me hiki mai i te taha kāore ia i whara.
Te tuku me te kore taputapu āwhina
Ko te whakawātea mā tētahi kaiwhakaora kotahi anake. Mēnā ka taea e te tangata whara te hīkoi, me mau te kaiwhakaora i a ia i muri, ā, me āwhina pēnei. Ki te kore e taea e ia te hīkoi, kei te kore rānei e mōhio, me whakawātea pēnei: ka tuturi te kaiwhakaora ki tōna taha, ka kuhu tētahi ringa ki raro i te kōhauhau, ā, mā tētahi atu ringa ka mau i raro i te turi, ka hiki, ka hari.
Transport with two rescuers. The injured person who can walk should be assisted from both sides. If he cannot walk, but is conscious, he should hold on to the rescuers carrying him. An injured person in an unconscious state should be transported by having the stronger rescuer take him under the armpits and, across the chest, join the arms, while the other will position himself between the injured person’s legs and support him under the knees. They must lift and carry him at the same time.
Te tuku mā ngā āwhina
Transport by stretcher. The injured person should be carefully placed on the stretcher in a lying position. This requires two persons, and in the case of a fracture of the lower limbs, three persons. The rescuers should stand on one side of the injured person, lift him at the same time, and place him on the stretcher.
Me mahi ngātahi e ngā kaiwhakaora katoa te hiki, te whakakori, te whakamutu me te tuku iho i te hōhipera kawe, engari kaua rātou e hīkoi ngātahi i te wā kotahi, kei rū te hōhipera kawe. Mēnā me kawe te tūroro mō te wā roa ake, he pai kia herea he whitiki kotahi ki ia taha o te hōhipera kawe, ā, ka whakatakotoria e ngā kaiwhakaora ki runga i ngā pakihiwi.
Te kawe i te tūroro mā ngā taputapu ā-ringa. Ki te kore he toronga i te ringa, ka taea te hanga ā-whakaaro i tētahi taputapu kawe ā-ringa. Ina hiahiatia, ka taea te whakatakoto i te tangata i whara ki runga i tētahi arawhata, ki runga i ngā parirau kūaha kua tangohia, ki runga i tētahi tēpu, ā, ka kawe ai. Ka taea anō tēnei i roto i te paraikete, i te parirau teneti rānei. Ka taea hoki te hanga toronga ā-ringa i ngā pēke e rua he ōrite te whānui mā te whakatakoto i ngā papa rākau e rua he tika te roa mā roto i ngā tapa raro. Ki te kore he toronga, ka taea hoki te kawe i te tūroro whai mōhio ki runga i tētahi tūru. Me tū ngā kaiwhakaora ki ngā taha e rua o te tūroro, ka pupuri i te wāhanga raro me te tuara o te tūru, ā, ka kawe pēnei.
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He takai here, 10 х 5 m
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