Izinqubo zokuvusa kabusha
Indlela eyodwa kuphela efanele yokuphefumula okwenziwayo yindlela ethi »umlomo-kwikhala-emlonyeni«. Ukuze kusetshenziswe le ndlela, kuqala kufanele kulungiswe ikhanda lesiguli ukuze kuphakame kakhulu isilevu nomhlathi ongezansi (sl. 1, 1. ingxenye). Kufanele kususwe ukungcola (udaka njll.)) namazinyo okufakelwa (ama-prosthesis) emlonyeni wesiguli, futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ulimi lwaso lungasheleli emuva lube luvala izitho zokuphefumula.
Senza ukuphefumula okokwenziwa ngokuthi sihogele umoya omusha ngangokunokwenzeka bese siwuphephetha emlonyeni - ekhaleni lomuntu ogulayo (sl. 1, 2. ingxenye). Ukuze sigweme ukutheleleka, singabeka ithishu elincane emlonyeni womuntu ogulayo. Emoyeni esiwukhiphayo kusenawo umoya-mpilo owanele kumlonyana olimele. Ngokuhambisana nokwenza ukuphefumula okokwenziwa kufanele kucindezelwe isifuba somuntu ogulayo ngenhliziyo endaweni eseduze nayo ngesigqi esilula (qaphela ukuthi izimbambo zingaphuki!), ukuze ngokucindezela igazi eliphuma enhliziyweni sisize ukujikeleza kwegazi. Uma sikhulula isifuba, inhliziyo ingagcwala igazi futhi ngale ndlela sifinyelela ukuphefumula okokwenziwa kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kufanele kuqhutshekwe kuze kube yilapho isiguli siqala ukuphefumula sodwa futhi inhliziyo yaso isebenza futhi (sl. 1, 3. ingxenye), noma kuze kufike udokotela.
ISITHOMBE 1
Ubuthi obuvela ezintweni ezingagqizi buvela ngenxa yokuphuza imithi, amakhowe nezinto zokudla ezinezinani ezingalungile noma eziningi ngokweqile, ezinoshevu ngamagciwane eqembu le-paratyphus.
Uma lolu hlobo lobuthi luba khona, into yokuqala nesiphuthumayo kakhulu kufanele kube ukukhulula isisu namathumbu esiguli. Esiswini esingenalutho uketshezi lungafika emathunjini phakathi nemizuzu 10 m in., kanti izinto eziqinile, kuye ngekhwalithi nenani, zingafika phakathi kwamahora 1-6. Uma isiguli siqaphile, kufanele liselwe ngokushesha cishe izipuni ezimbili zamalahle ezokwelapha (atholakala emakhemisi, axutshwe engilazini yamanzi amaminerali; kungasetshenziswa namanzi ajwayelekile). Ngemva kwalokho kufanele isiguli sikhuthazwe ukuba sihlanze (ngokukitaza udonga olungaphezulu lwepharynx ngesibambo sesipuni). Noma ngabe ukuhlanza kuphumelele noma cha, ngemva kwemizuzu 3-4 m kufanele futhi kunikwe isiguli 2 izipuni zamalahle ezokwelapha namanzi. Ngokuqinisekile kufanele kubizwe udokotela, noma isiguli siphuthunyiswe esibhedlela.
Ukufakwa ubuthi yizinto ezigqwalayo (ezishisayo). Ubuthi bungavela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zezinto ezishisayo: kuma-asidi nasezibuluzini.
Uma kuhlangana ne-alkali (i-caustic soda, i-soda, usawoti we-alkali) ulwelwesi lomlomo luphuma luyizingcezu ezindebeni, olimini, emlonyeni, emgodleni wokugwinya, esiswini, kanti amathe aphumayo ngokuvamile anegazi futhi uma ethintwa ayashelela. Izindebe nolimi kuyavuvuka, kube khona ubuhlungu emphinjeni, emgodleni wokugwinya nasesiswini, amajaqamba nokuhlanza. Ohlukunyeziwe i-alkali kufanele anikwe amanzi anelamula noma uviniga (1-2 wezipuni zeviniga ku-5 dl. wamanzi) noma amanzi e-boric angu-3%-ne, bese kuba ubisi noma 1-2 wezipuni zamafutha okupheka, adliwayo.
Izimpawu zokungenwa ubuthi yi-asidi emlonyeni: ukudliwa nokusha kolwelwesi lwamafinyila (i-sulfuric acid idala amanxeba amnyama, i-hydrochloric acid amhlophe, kanti i-nitric acid izilonda eziphuzi). Ubumuncu bomlomo obuphuma ngaphandle buthinteka bubukhali uma buthintekwa futhi bunambitheka kamuncu.
Isiguli sinezinhlungu ezinkulu esiswini, siyaguguleka futhi siyaphalaza. Kufanele sinikwe ubisi, uwoyela noma amaprotheni (amaqanda) konke kuxutshwe namanzi amancane. Ngemva kwalokho asinike u 1-2 izinkezo (ezincane zekhofi) zemagniziyamu eyosiwe exutshwe engxenyeni yengilazi yamanzi ukuze siphuze ngamancanyana. Abantu abunoshevu ezintweni ezi-caustic akuvunyelwe nakancane ukubavusa ukuba baphalaze.
Kubalulekile! uma kunegazi kulokho isiguli esikuhlanze, akuvunyelwe ukuqhubeka nokusivusa ukuze sihlanze!
Usizo lokuqala uma ushiswa ugesi
Umuntu olimele kufanele akhululwe eseketheni likagesi. Uma kungenzeka, intambo kagesi icishwe ngokushesha kusukela kuseketheni ngokusebenzisa iswishi, ngokukhipha ifiyuzi, noma ngokunqamula intambo. Ukunqamula kuvunyelwe ukwenziwa kuphela ngethuluzi elifakwe ukwahlukanisa, isibonelo ngesiqephu sokhuni olomile, noma ekugcineni ngembazo enesibambo esomile, noma ngama-pliers anesibambo esifakwe ukwahlukanisa.
Ezimeni ezikhethekile kufanele kwenziwe isekethe emfushane. Umhlengi kufanele nakanjani aqaphe ukwahlukanisa izandla nezinyawo zakhe, ngakho-ke kufanele ame ebhodini elingena zipikili, ezindwangwini ezomile noma esihlalweni. Isandla sakhe kufanele asivikele, isib. ngomkhono wejazi lakhe, ngethishu eyomile, noma ngamagilavu erabha noma enayiloni.
Umsizi wokutakula kufanele abeke ngaphansi kwalimele isisekelo sokuvikela ugesi, isb. amabhodi omile noma amathuluzi enziwe ngokhuni angenazo izingxenye zensimbi, izindwangu ezomile, amapuleti e-PVC. Okungcono kakhulu uma olimele ngokwakhe egxuma futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo azikhulule ekuthintaneni nogesi, noma uma umsizi emphakamisa olimele ngokuthi kuqala azihlukanise nomhlabathi. Ukuthinta olimele kuvunyelwe kuphela uma ukuhlukanisa kuphelele. Iminwe yolimele kufanele isuswe ngokuhlukile futhi ngokucophelela ekuthintaneni, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isongwe ngendwangu eyomile noma ezinye izindwangu.
Uma intambo kagesi izisongile yazungeza olimele, khona-ke intambo kufanele inqamukiswe ngezandla ezihlukanisiwe ngogesi, bese ukuphela kwentambo enogesi kulungiswe ukuze kungabangeli ezinye izingozi.
Ukusiza, kunjalo, kufanele kuqale ngokushesha nangokungaguquki, akufanele sishiye olimele engenalo usizo. Ngemva kokunqamuka kukagesi, olimele kufanele abekwe ngokuvundlile, izingubo zakhe zixegiswe, bese kususwa ngokuphelele izingubo engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, kunikezwe ukukhanya nomoya ohlanzekile. Ikhanda lalowo olimele akufanele lilenge phansi, kodwa kufanele liphakanyiswe kancane kubekwe okuthile ngaphansi kwalo (isibonelo, ijazi eligoqiwe).
Uma olimele engazi lutho, kufanele nakanjani kuzanywe ukuvuselela ukuphila.
Kufanele kuhlolwe okwamanje umlomo namakhala alimele ukuthi kungabe kuyakwazi ukudlulisa umoya. Kufanele kususwe amathe, izinsalela zokudla kanye namazinyo okufakelwa. Akuvunyelwe ukuthela uketshezi emlonyeni. Uma olimele engaphefumuli, masinyane kuqalwe ukuphefumulela okufakelwayo. Ukubuyisa umuntu ekuphileni kungase kusekelwe ngokuxubha amathe ezinyaweni, nge-enema, noma ngokuthela ngokushintshanayo isifuba nesisu ngamanzi afudumele, noma abandayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuphefumulela okufakelwayo akufanele kumiswe. Uma ohlukunyeziwe ephaphama kumele aqhubeke anakekelwe futhi akumele ashiywe. Kufanele anikwe isiphuzo esithile esifudumele (ikhofi, itiye, utshwala njll.) kodwa kumele ahlale endaweni yokulala kancane.
Ngokwesipiliyoni, ukulimala okuncane nokwasendaweni kungashiywa okwesikhashana kunganakwa (kamuva kufanele kunikezwe usizo lwezokwelapha), kodwa labo abalimele abophayo kuphela okufanele banikwe usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Uthuli, ama-chip, izinhlayiya zothuli. Uthuli, ucezu noma isinambuzane singasuswa esweni ngokudonsa ikhava yeso ephansi bese kusulwa ngegazi elihlanzekile noma ngethishu. Uma into ingaphansi kwekhava yeso engenhla, khona-ke kufanele kubanjwe ikhava yeso engenhla phakathi bese idonselwa phambili iye ekhaveni yeso ephansi, ukuze izinkophe zithinte indawo yangaphakathi yekhava yeso engenhla. Uma ngale ndlela singakwazi ukususa into engaphandle, akufanele kuqhubeke kuzanywe, kodwa iso elilimele kufanele liboshwe bese kufunwa usizo lodokotela.
Into yangaphandle engena emgodini wamakhala kufanele sizame ukuyisusa ngokuthi sivale elinye ikhala bese siphefumulela ngamandla emakhaleni. Uma ngale ndlela singaphumeleli, kufanele sifune usizo lukadokotela.
Ukukhipha izinto zangaphandle ezingene endlebeni kufanele kushiyelwe udokotela, ngoba ngesikhathi sizama ukuzikhipha singalimaza umgubho wendlebe. Uma isinambuzane singene endlebeni, kufanele kuthelwe isipuni esisodwa (esincane) samafutha, ibhotela elicibilikisiwe noma amanzi endlebeni (usesimweni sokulala) futhi kugcinwe 10-15 minuta.
Into yangaphandle engenile kuqhoqhoqho masizame ukuyisusa ngokucela olimele ukuba aphefumule ajulile bese simshaya kancane emhlane phakathi kwamahlombe. Uma into ebhajwe kuqhoqhoqho ingebukhali, kufanele kunikwe olimele amanzi, bese kunikwa isinkwa esithambile (meču) nezitsha eziwuketshezi. Kwenqatshelwe kulezi zimo ukunikeza izinto zokuhlanza. Kudingeka ukubhekwa udokotela.
Iva elingene ngaphansi kwezipikili singazama kuphela ukulikhupha uma ingxenye ephuma ngaphandle yinde ngokwanele ukuba singayibamba ngepinceta noma ngendwangu yesihlakala. Uma ukukhishwa kuphumelele, khona-ke kufanele sivumele inxeba lophuke kancane bese siligcoba nge-iodine bese sibeka ibhandishi.
Ukuthuthelwa kwalimele
Ukuthutha olimele akuwona umsebenzi olula, kudinga amakhono, ukuqapha namandla omzimba afanele. Ukuthutha okungenalo ikhono kumlimazayo kwandisa ubuhlungu futhi kwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Okokuqala nje kudingeka kutholwe ukuthi isiguli sisesimweni esingathuthwa yini, futhi singathuthwa kuphela uma sesinikezwe usizo ngokwemithetho yosizo lokuqala. Ngaphambi kokusithutha kumele kwehliswe ukopha, kufakwe ibhandishi enxebeni futhi kuqiniswe izitho eziphukile ukuze zinganyakazi.
Uma indlela eya esibhedlela yinde, olimele kufanele, uma kungenzeka, aqabuleke ngetiye noma ikhofi. Ukumnika utshwala (konyaki njll.) kufanele kugwenywe. Ngesikhathi sokumthutha, olimele kumele abhekwe futhi alawulwe njalo, futhi uma ibhandishi noma isibopho sokunganyakazi sehluleka, silungiswe masinyane. Uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa wukwazi noma ukwehla komsebenzi wenhliziyo, kufanele kusetshenziswe izindlela ezifanele zokuvuselela.
Indlela yokuthuthwa ihlale incike ohlotsheni lokulimala nasenombolweni yabatakuli kanye nohlobo lwezindlela ezitholakalayo zokuthutha.
Ukuphakamisa nokubamba isiguli kufanele kwenziwe ngokucabangela, ngokuzola nangokuzithiba. Kumele kugwenywe noma yikuphi ukunyakazisa okusheshayo. Izingubo zomuntu olimele akumele zigoqeke, kanti lapho simphakamisa, kufanele simphakamise ohlangothini angalimalanga ngalo.
Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinsiza ezisizayo
Ukuthuthwa kwabalimele ngomhlengi oyedwa kuphela. Uma olimele ekwazi ukuhamba, umhlengi kufanele ambambe ngemuva bese emsekela kanjalo. Uma engakwazi ukuhamba, noma engazi lutho, kufanele athuthwe ngendlela yokuthi umhlengi aguqe eduze kwakhe, afake isandla esisodwa ngaphansi kwekhwapha kanti ngesinye ambambe ngaphansi kwedolo, amphakamise bese emthwala.
Ukuthuthwa ngabahlengi ababili. Olimala ongakwazi ukuhamba kufanele asizwe ezinhlangothini zombili. Uma engakwazi ukuhamba, kodwa eqaphile, kufanele abambelele kubahlengi abamthwalayo. Olimala ongaphumile emqondweni kufanele athuthwe ngendlela yokuthi umhlengi onamandla amthole ngaphansi kwamakhwapha futhi axhumanise izandla phezu kwesifuba, kanti omunye azibeke phakathi kwemilenze yomlimala futhi amthwale ngaphansi kwamadolo. Kumele bammise futhi bamphathe ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Ukuthunyelwa ngezinsiza ezisizayo
Ukuthwala ngesithambiso. Olimala kufanele abekwe ngokucophelela esithambisweni eselele. Lokhu kudinga abantu ababili, kanti uma kunokuphuka kwezitho ezingezansi, abantu abathathu. Abasizi kufanele bame ohlangothini olulodwa lomlimala, bamphakamise ngesikhathi esisodwa bese bemfaka esithambisweni.
Ukuphakamisa, ukuhambisa, ukumisa nokwehlisa iziphanyeko kufanele kwenziwe yibo bonke abasindisi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa akufanele bahambe ngesikhathi esisodwa ngoba lokho bekungadala ukuzamazama kweziphanyeko. Uma isiguli kudingeka sithuthwe isikhathi eside, kuhle ukuthi kuboshwe ibhande elilodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lweziphanyeko, elizofakwa emahlombe abasizi.
Ukuhambisa olimele ngezinto ezitholakala ngesandla. Uma singenawo amasondo okuthwala, singakha ngokubunjwa into yokuthwala esebenziseka ngesandla. Uma kudingeka, olimele singamubeka ezitebhisini, emaphikweni eminyango asusiwe, etafuleni futhi simthwale kanjalo. Lokho okufanayo singakwenza ngengubo yokulala noma ngendwangu yetende. Singakwazi futhi ukwenza amasondo okuthwala esikhashana ngezikhwama ezimbili zobubanzi obufanayo ngokufaka amabhodi amabili obude obufanele ngasemaceleni aphansi. Uma kungekho masondo okuthwala, isiguli esaziqaphelayo singathwalwa nasesihlalweni. Abatakuli kufanele beme ezinhlangothini ezimbili zesiguli, babambe ingxenye engezansi nomhlane wesihlalo bese besithwala kanjalo.
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Ibhandishi lokumisa ukopha
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Izikelo
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