Iinkqubo zokuvuselela ubomi
Eyona ndlela ichanileyo yokuphefumla ngonyango yinkqubo ethi »umlomo-kwimpumlo-umlomo«. Ukuze kusetyenziswe le nkqubo, kuqala kufuneka intloko yesigulana ibekwe ngendlela yokuba isilevu nomhlathi ongezantsi ziphakanyiswe kangangoko (sl. 1, 1. inxenye). Kufuneka kususwe ukungcola (udaka njl.)), amazinyo okwenziwa (iiprothesis) emlonyeni wesigulana, kuqatshelwe ukuba ulwimi lungatyibiliki umva lube luvale iindlela zokuphefumla.
Siphefumla ngokwenziwa ngokutsala umoya omtsha kangangoko sinako size »sivuthele« emlonyeni - empumlweni yesigulana (sl. 1, 2. deo). Ukuze siphephe usulelo, sinokubeka iserim emncinci emlonyeni wesigulana. Emoyeni esiwuvuthelayo kusesele kukho ioksijini eyaneleyo kumonzakeleyo. Ngaxeshanye nokwenza ukuphefumla ngokwenziwa kufuneka, ngesingqi esithambileyo, kuxinwe isifuba sesigulana kufuphi nentliziyo (lumka ukuze iimbambo zingaphuke!), ukuze ngokukhupha igazi entliziyweni kuncediswe ukujikeleza kwegazi. Xa sikhulula isifuba, intliziyo inokuphinda igcwaliswe ligazi yaye ngale ndlela sifikelela ekuphefumleni ngokwenziwa nasekusebenzeni kwentliziyo. Oku kufuneka kuqhutyekwe de isigulana siqale ukuphefumla sodwa yaye de intliziyo yaso iqale ukusebenza (sl. 1, 3. deo), okanye de afike ugqirha.
UMFANEKISO 1
Ukutyhefa zizinto ezingonakalisiyo, kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthatha izixa ezingalunganga okanye ezigqithisileyo zamayeza, amakhowa nezidlo ezityhefu ngenxa yeebhaktiriya zeqela leparatyphoid.
Ukuba le tyhefu yenzekile, okokuqala nokungxamisekileyo kufuneka kukhutshwe isisu namathumbu esigulane. Kwisitho esingenanto isisu ulwelo lunokufikelela emathunjini emva kwe 10 m imin., yaye izinto eziqinileyo, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho nobungakanani, emva kwe 1-6 iiyure. Ukuba isigulana sisengqondweni, kufuneka sinikwe ngoko nangoko sisele malunga neetispuni ezimbini zamalahle onyango (anokufumaneka ezikhemesti exutywe kwiglasi yamanzi aneminerali; amanzi aqhelekileyo nawo angasetyenziswa). Emva koko kufuneka isigulana sicaphukiswe ukuba sigabhe (ngokuluma kancinane udonga oluphezulu lomqala ngesiphatho secephe). Nokuba ukugabha kuphumelele okanye akuphumelelanga, emva kwe 3-4 m imizuzu kufuneka kwakhona kunikwe isigulana 2 iitispuni zamalahle onyango anamanzi. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka kubizwe ugqirha, okanye isigulana sithunyelwe esibhedlele.
Ukutyhefa zizinto ezirhabaxa (ezikalisayo). Ukutyhefa kunokubangelwa ziindidi ezimbini zezinto ezibukhali: ziiasidi kunye neelukhali.
Kwimeko yealkali (isoda ye-caustic, isoda, ityuwa yealkali) umaleko womlomo, ulwimi, emlonyeni, kumqala wokutya, esiswini uyaphuma ube ziziqwenga, yaye amathe aphumayo aqhele ukuba negazi, aze xa echukunyiswa abe butyibilizi. Imilebe nolwimi bayadumba, kuqhambe iintlungu emqaleni, kumqala wokutya nasesiswini, iispathe kunye nokugabha. Lowo wenzakeleyo yi-alkali kufuneka anikwe amanzi anelamuni okanye iviniga (1-2 yecephe leviniga kwi5 dl. yamanzi) okanye amanzi e-boric e3%-ne, aze emva koko afumane ubisi okanye 1-2 iicephe zeoyile yesiqhelo, etyiwayo.
Iimpawu zokutyhefa ziiasidi emlonyeni: ukutyiwa nokutsha kwe-mucosa (i-asidi yesulfuric ibangela amanxeba amnyama, i-hydrochloric amhlophe, yaye i-nitric amthubi). Amathe aphumayo xa echukunyiswa aziva arhabaxa yaye anencasa emuncu.
Isigulane sineentlungu ezinkulu esiswini, siyacudeka kwaye siyagabha. Kufuneka sinikwe ubisi, ioli okanye iiprotheni (amaqanda) zonke zixutywe namanzi amancinci. Emva koko mnike 1-2 amacephe (ekhofi) emagnesiyam egcadiweyo exutywe kwisiqingatha seglasi yamanzi ukuze ayisele ngamaconsi amancinci. Abantu abatyhefwe zizinto ezi-caustic akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukubangela ukugabha.
Kubalulekile! xa kukho igazi koko umntu ogulayo akukhuphileyo akuvumelekanga ukuqhubeka nokumnceda ngokumchukumisa ukuze abuye abemele!
Uncedo lokuqala xa kufunyanwa umbane
Lowo wonzakeleyo kufuneka akhululwe kwisekethe yombane. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, umgca wombane mawucinywe ngokukhawuleza kwisifunda sombane kusetyenziswa iswitshi, ngokususa ifyuzi, okanye ngokuqhawula umgca. Ukuqhawula kuvumelekile kuphela ngezixhobo ezikhuselweyo, umzekelo ngesiqwenga somthi owomileyo, okanye, kwimeko engxamisekileyo, ngezembe elinesiphatho esomileyo, okanye ngeepliers ezinesiphatho esigqunyiweyo.
Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kufuneka kwenziwe isekethe emfutshane. Umhlanguli kufuneka ngokuqinileyo ajonge ekwahluleni izandla neenyawo zakhe, yaye ngenxa yoko kufuneka eme phezu kwebhodi engenazikhonkwane, kwiingubo ezomileyo okanye esitulweni. Isandla sakhe kufuneka asikhusele, umzekelo ngomkhono webhatyi yakhe, ngelaphu elomileyo, okanye ngeeglavu zerabha okanye zenayiloni.
Umlawuli wokuhlangula kufuneka abeke phantsi koonzakeleyo isicaba esigqumayo sokufakelwa, umzekelo iibhodi ezomileyo okanye izixhobo zomthi ezingenazinto zentsimbi, izikhafu ezomileyo, iipleyiti ze-PVC. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuba onzakeleyo aziphose ngokwakhe aze ngaxeshanye azikhulule ekuchukumisaneni nombane, okanye ukuba umlawuli womncedo aphakamise onzakeleyo emva kokuba ezikhusele kuqala emhlabeni. Ukuchukumisa onzakeleyo kuvumelekile kuphela xa ukufakelwa kukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo. Iminwe yonzakeleyo kufuneka isuswe nganye-nganye ngononophelo ekudibaneni, ngaxeshanye isongelwe ngelaphu elomileyo okanye ezinye iindwangu.
Ukuba ucingo lombane lujikile lwajijeka lujikeleze umntu owenzakeleyo, ke umbane kufuneka unqunyulwe ngezandla ezikhuselweyo yaye isiphelo socingo esinamandla kufuneka silungiswe ukuze singabangeli ezinye iingozi.
Ukuhlangula, ngokwenene, kufuneka kuqalwe kwangoko nangokungagungqiyo, asifanele simshiye owonzakeleyo engenalo uncedo. Emva kokunqunyulwa kombane, owonzakeleyo kufuneka abekwe ngokuthe tye, kuqhawulwe impahla yakhe, yaye leyo isezantsi komzimba kufuneka isuswe ngokupheleleyo, kumnikwe ukukhanya nomoya ococekileyo. Intloko yalowo wonzakeleyo mayingajingi phantsi, koko kufuneka iphakanyiswe kancinane, kubekwe into phantsi kwentloko (umz. ibhatyi esongiweyo).
Ukuba wonzakele usebuthongweni obungaphiliyo, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo kuzanywe ukumvuselela.
Kufuneka kuhlolwe okwethutyana umlomo neempumlo zomonzakeleyo ukuba ziyakwazi na ukuhambisa umoya. Kufuneka kususwe amathe, iintsalela zokutya kunye neprothesisi. Akuvumelekanga ukuthululela ulwelo emlonyeni. Ukuba umonzakeleyo akaphefumli, kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuqalwe ukuphefumla okwenziwa ngesandla. Ukuvuselela kunokuncediswa ngokuxubha iinyawo, nge-enema okanye ngokutshintshanayo ngokugalela isifuba nesisu ngamanzi ashushu, okanye abandayo, kodwa ngelo xesha ukuphefumla okwenziwa ngesandla akufuneki kuyekiswe. Ukuba lowo wenzakeleyo uza ezingqondweni kufuneka aqhubekeke nokunyanyekelwa yaye akufuneki ashiye yedwa. Kufuneka anikwe isiselo esishushu (ikofu, iti, utywala njl.) kodwa kufuneka ahlale kwindawo yokulala kancinci ephezulu.
Ngokwamava, ukwenzakala okuncinane nokwasekuhlaleni kunokushiywa okwethutyana kungaqwalaselwanga (kamva kufuneka kunikezelwe uncedo lwezonyango), kuphela abo bonzakeleyo abopha igazi kufuneka banikwe uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko.
Iinkunkuma, iifayili zokusika, amasuntswana othuli. Uthuli, inkunkuma okanye isinambuzane esiswini singasuswa ngokutsala inkophe esezantsi size sisule ngegazi elicocekileyo okanye ilaphu lokusula. Ukuba into ikwaphantsi kwenkophe ephezulu, kufuneka kubanjwe inkophe ephezulu embindini ize itsalelwe phambili iye kwinkophe esezantsi, ukuze iintsiba zichukumise umphezulu ongaphakathi wenkophe ephezulu. Ukuba ngale ndlela asiphumeleli ekususeni into yangaphandle, akufanele kuzanywe okungakumbi, koko iliso elonzakeleyo kufuneka libotshwe kwaye kufunwe uncedo lwezonyango.
Into engaphandle engena emngxunyeni wempumlo kufuneka sizame ukuyisusa ngokuthi sivale omnye umngxuma wempumlo size siphephe kakhulu empumlweni. Ukuba ngale ndlela asiphumeleli, kufuneka kufunwe uncedo lonyango.
Ukukhutshwa kwezinto zangaphandle ezingene endlebeni kufuneka kushiywe kugqirha, kuba xa sizama ukuzisusa singalimaza i-eardrum. Ukuba isinambuzane singene endlebeni, kufuneka igalelwe endlebeni (ngoxa umntu elele) icephe elinye (elincinci) leoyile, ibhotolo enyibilikisiweyo okanye amanzi, kuze kugcinwe 10-15 m imizuzu.
Masizame ukususa into yangaphandle engene kuqhoqhoqho ngokucela lowo wonzakeleyo ukuba aphefumle nzulu size simbethe kancinane emqolo phakathi kwamagxa. Ukuba into exinge kuqhoqhoqho ayibukhali, kufuneka kunikwe lowo wonzakeleyo amanzi, emva koko isonka esisembindini (meču) kunye nokutya okuthambileyo okunesidudu. Akuvumelekanga kwezi meko ukunika iiarhente zokucoca. Kufuneka kugadwe ngugqirha.
Ilitye elingene phantsi kwenzipho singazama ukulikhupha kuphela xa inxalenye ephumayo ngaphandle inde ngokwaneleyo ukuze sikwazi ukuyibamba ngefizile okanye ngelaphu lencam. Ukuba ukukhupha kuphumelele, kufuneka siyeke inxeba ligqobhoze kancinane igazi ize emva koko lityatyekwe ngeyodini kwaye kufakwe ibhandeji.
Ukuthunyelwa komonzakeleyo
Ukukhupha onzakeleyo akusosigqibo silula, kuba oko kufuna ubuchule, ulumkiso namandla omzimba afanelekileyo. Ukumphatha ngokungabuchule onzakeleyo kwandisa iintlungu kwaye kwenza imeko ibe mbi ngakumbi.
Kuqala kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba isigulana sikwimeko enjalo yokuba sinokuthuthwa, yaye sinokuthuthwa kuphela xa sinikwe uncedo ngokwemigaqo yoncedo lokuqala. Phambi kokuthuthwa kufuneka kuncitshiswe ukopha, kubekwe ibhandeji enxebeni yaye amalungu aphukileyo angashukumi enziwe anganyakazi.
Ukuba indlela eya esibhedlele inde, umntu owenzakeleyo, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kufuneka anikwe iti okanye ikofu ukuze avuseleleke. Ukunika utywala (ikonyaki njl.) kufuneka kuthintelwe. Xa kuthuthwa, umntu owenzakeleyo kufuneka ajongwe kwaye alawulwe rhoqo, yaye ukuba ibhandeji okanye into yokuthintela ukushukuma iyakhululeka, kufuneka ilungiswe kwangoko. Ukuba kukho ukulahleka kwengqondo okanye ukuncipha kokusebenza kwentliziyo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuvuselela ubomi.
Indlela yokuthuthwa isoloko ixhomekeke kuhlobo lokwenzakala kunye nenani labasindisi kunye nohlobo lwezixhobo ezikhoyo zokuthutha.
Ukuphakamisa nokubamba isigulana kufuneka kwenziwe ngengcinga, ngokuzola nangokuziphatha okuzinzileyo. Kufuneka kuthintelwe nakuphi na ukuxhuzula. Impahla yowonzakeleyo mayingagxobeki, yaye xa simphakamisa, kufuneka simphakamise kwicala angonzakalanga ngalo.
Ukuthumela ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezincedisayo
Ukuthuthwa ngumhlanguli omnye kuphela. Ukuba wonzakeleyo angahamba, umhlanguli kufuneka ambambe ngasemva ukuze amncede. Ukuba akakwazi kuhamba, okanye usekufeni kwengqondo, kufuneka athuthwe ngendlela yokuba umhlanguli aguqe ecaleni kwakhe, abeke isandla esinye phantsi kwekhwapha aze ngesinye ambambe phantsi kwedolo, amphakamise aze amphathe.
Ukuthuthwa ngabahlanguli ababini. Owonzakeleyo onokuhamba kufuneka ancedwe macala omabini. Ukuba akanakuhamba, kodwa uyaziqonda, kufuneka abambelele kubahlanguli abamthwalayo. Owonzakeleyo osele engekho zingqondweni kufuneka athuthwe ngokuba umhlanguli onamandla amkhuphe phantsi kwamakhwapha aze adibanise izandla zakhe phezu kwesifuba, kanti omnye amise phakathi kwemilenze yomonzakeleyo aze amxhase phantsi kwamadolo. Bamele bamphakamise ngaxeshanye baze bamthwale.
Ukuthunyelwa ngeendlela ezincedisayo
Ukuthutha ngeestretsha. Owonzakeleyo kufuneka abekwe ngononophelo kwistretsha esesimeni sokulala. Oku kufuna abantu ababini, yaye xa kukho ukwaphuka kwamalungu asezantsi, abantu abathathu. Abahlanguli kufuneka beme kwicala elinye lomonzakeleyo, bamphakamise ngexesha elinye baze bambeke kwistretsha.
Ukuphakanyiswa, ukuqaliswa, ukumiswa nokwehliswa kwee-strecher kufuneka kwenziwe ngabo bonke abahlanguli ngaxeshanye, kodwa mabangahambi ngaxeshanye kuba oko kungabangela ukushukuma kwee-strecher. Ukuba isigulana kufuneka sihanjiswe umgama omde, kulungile ukuba kwicala ngalinye le-strecher kubotshwe ibhanti elinye eliza kufakwa emagxeni ngabahlanguli.
Ukuthwala isigulane ngezixhobo ezikhoyo. Ukuba asinazo izithwala ngesandla, ngoko singazenza ngezinto ezikhoyo ngokuzilungiselela. Xa kuyimfuneko, onzakeleyo angabekwa ezitepsini, kwiiphaneli zomnyango ezisusiweyo, phezu kwetafile size simthwale ngolo hlobo. Oko kunjalo singakwenza nakwingubo okanye kwipaneli yentente. Izithwala ezilula zingakhiwa nakwiingxowa ezimbini ezinobubanzi obufanayo ngokubeka iintonga ezimbini ezinobude obufanelekileyo kwimiphetho esezantsi. Xa kungekho zithwala, isigulane esaziwayo sinokuthwalwa nasesitulweni. Abahlanguli kufuneka beme kumacala omabini esigulane, babambe inxalenye esezantsi kunye nomqolo wesitulo baze basithwale ngaloo ndlela.
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Incwadana yoncedo lokuqala
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