ʻOki metala, waiho ʻia a me nā kaʻina hana wili mōʻaukala

Noho ʻenehana a me ka palekana: He kikokikona waihona kēia, i paʻi mua ʻia e 2018. makahiki, ʻaʻole ia he manual hou no ka hana metala. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka ʻeli ʻana e hiki ke hōʻoki ʻia, nā ʻāpana ʻoi a me ka wela, nā ʻāpana mea hana lele, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka lole a i ʻole ka lauoho, ka walaʻau, ka lepo a me nā ʻeha maka. Pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ka mea hana me kahi hāmeʻa kūpono, pono ka mea paʻahana a pono no ka mea, a pono e koho ʻia ka maka, ka lohe a me ka pale hanu e like me ka loiloi pilikia. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokokoke mai nā mīkina lima a me nā ʻaʻahu maloʻo i ka mea paahana. Pono nā paipu a me nā ʻaoʻao i pani ʻia e kaʻawale, hoʻomaha a me nā ʻike i ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka hana ʻana. ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka pahi, faila, drill, wikiwiki, hānai a me ka mea hoʻoluʻu a i ʻole ka lubrication pono e hahai i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka mea hana a me nā mea hana. ʻO nā ana a me nā kaʻina hana mua ma kēia ʻaoʻao ʻaʻole ia he pani no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, nā lako pale, a i ʻole ka mea hana ʻaelike kūpono.

ʻO ka hana metala he ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi lehulehu hou o Savo Kusić. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia manawa ʻo nā pukaaniani lāʻau, nā pukaaniani lāʻau-aluminika, nā puka makani maʻamau a me nā puka. No ka puka makani a i ʻole ka pāhana puka, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻouna noi no ka ʻōlelo ʻōlelo.

ʻoki ʻike

I ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hana hana lāʻau, nui nā kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kaʻina o ka ʻoki lāʻau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaneʻane like ke ʻano o ka ʻoki metala me ka hacksaw. Hoʻopaʻa mākou i ka ʻili ma kahi kūlana i hiki ke paʻa i ka metala i nā piko o nā niho (kiʻi 1).

*Kiʻi1— ʻIke i ke kūlana o ka maka a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka paipu i ka wā e ʻoki lima ai.

ʻO kahi hihia kūikawā ʻo ka ʻoki paipu. Ina ua oki ka pahi ma ka paia o ka paipu, ua oki kona mau niho i na aoao elua o ka paipu i ka manawa hookahi, a he mea ia e naha ai na niho. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia mau pilikia, i ka wā e hana ai, hoʻohuli mākou i ka paipu i loko o nā mangels i ʻoki ʻia ka ʻike i hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao. Inā mākou e ʻokiʻoki i kahi paipu pā lahilahi, hoʻokomo mākou i kahi pā lāʻau pōʻai i loko i mea e pili pono ai i nā paia o ka paipu. Inā emi nā paia paipu ma mua o 1mm, e ʻoki me kahi ʻili lima liʻiliʻi no ke kālai ʻana.

Mālama ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka paipu a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke koʻokoʻo lāʻau ma ke ʻano he kaʻina hana mōʻaukala, akā ʻaʻole ia he ala āpau. Hiki ke ho’opō’ino a hemo paha ka paipu lahilahi mai ka pu’upu’u, a loa’a paha i ka paipu i ’ike ’ole ’ia ke kaomi, ka ’ōpala pahū, a i ’ole ka uhi ’ino. Pono ke ʻano o ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka paipu pololei, nā mea a me nā mea hana i koho ʻia.

Waihona

Ke hoʻohenehene nei ka poʻe Locksmiths kekahi i kekahi i kēia mau lā me ka lilo o nā haumāna hana hana i ka wā e hoʻouna ai lākou iā lākou i ka hale kūʻai e ʻimi ai i ka momona faila. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻaila a me ka momona ka ʻenemi o nā faila, no ka mea, pale lākou i ka kaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka hana o kēia mea hana hoʻohana nui ʻia ka faila me ke kōkua o ke kaomi me kona mau niho a ma ka manawa like e wehe i kahi papa metala pono ʻole. Inā loaʻa kahi lubricant ma lalo o nā niho liʻiliʻi, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e “nahu”, akā paheʻe ma ka ʻili o ka mea e hana ʻia. Pono e mālama ʻia ka faila mai ka momona. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano faila like ʻole no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻili metala, ʻokoʻa ka nui, ke ʻano a me ka ʻāpana kea.

ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā faila mai 100 a i 500 mm, a hiki iā lākou ke paʻa, poepoe, semi-poe, triangular a me ka huinahā.

E like me ke ʻano o ka niho niho, hoʻokaʻawale mākou ma waena o nā faila koʻikoʻi, semi-maikaʻi a pālua. Ke pau ka faila, hiki ke hoʻohou i kāna mau serration. ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o ia mau faila. Hoʻopau ka faila me kahi kiko ʻoi i kūkulu ʻia i loko o ka lāʻau.

Ma ka hale hana hale, pono e loaʻa nā faila o nā ʻāpana like ʻole, e.g. palahalaha, semi-poe a me hoʻokahi ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia o nā faila koʻikoʻi a maikaʻi loa mai150 mmlōʻihi. Pono kekahi pūʻulu o nā faila treble-toothed, lōʻihi 120 mm(nā papa hana waihona): palahalaha, huinaha, triangular, poepoe a me ka pahi-faila. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i kēia mau faila nā lima lāʻau kūikawā, no ka mea he liʻiliʻi a maikaʻi lākou e hiki ke hopu pololei ʻia me nā lima. ʻAʻole pono ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi faila kūikawā no ka waiho ʻana i nā metala palupalu (aluminium, ke kēpau).

Ke waiho mākou i kahi mea, paʻa mākou i ka piko o ka faila me ko mākou lima hema, a me ka lima me ko mākou lima ʻākau, kaomi i ka faila a huki mākou iā ia ma ka mokulele hoʻokahi a ma kēia ala faila (kiʻi.2). Hoʻokomo mākou i ka mea hana i loko o ka vise ma ke kiʻekiʻe kuʻekuʻe.

Kiʻi2— Ke kūlana o ka faila a me ka mea hana ma ka vise

ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa loa ke ʻano o ka waiho ʻana i ka metala mai ke ʻano o ka waiho ʻana i ka lāʻau. E like me ka pono e hana i ka mea hana, hoʻohana mākou i nā faila o ka ʻaoʻao kūpono. Ke waiho nei mākou i ka lihi o kekahi mea, paʻa mākou i ka faila ma kahi kūlana a ma kahi kihi o  45° pili i ka lihi e pili kokoke ana ka hopena iā mākou e hele ana i kēlā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao o ka ʻokiʻoki, ma ke kihi ʻākau, ua hana ʻia me kahi faila palahalaha (ua pae ka mokulele o ka mea hana), a wehe ʻia nā ʻāpana mānoanoa me ka ʻāpana ākea o kēia faila (kiʻi.2).

I ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi faila, hoʻopiha ka hakahaka ma waena o nā niho a liʻiliʻi ka paʻa ʻana o ka mea hana. Pono e uhi ʻia ka faila me ka paʻakai maʻamau e pale aku i ka pipili. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻāʻu metala ma waena o nā niho. Eia naʻe, inā loaʻa kēia, e hoʻoneʻe mākou i nā kohu me kahi pulupulu waihona keleawe. Ke mālama mākou i nā faila, ʻaʻole mākou e haʻalele iā lākou ma luna o kekahi, no ka mea, hoʻopau ka friction i nā ʻauwai. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kau ʻana iā lākou ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i mea e kū pono ai ka lima. No ka mea, ʻaʻole pono mākou e kāhiko iā lākou me ka ʻaila, holoi mākou iā lākou a waiho i kahi maloʻo i ʻole lākou e ʻino.

ʻO ka hope, hoʻokahi wale nō manaʻo: ʻaʻole “hopu” ka faila i nā mea kila a me nā metala paʻakikī. Hiki iā lākou ke “hoʻonāwaliwali” wale me kahi papa sanding.

Pono e hoʻopōʻino ʻole ka lima hana a kau pono ʻia ma ka faila; ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka wahi kiko o ka faila ma ke ʻano he lima. Pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ka mea hana, a e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka lepo metala a me nā kohu me ka pulupulu a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia, ʻaʻole ma ka lima a i ʻole ma ka puhi ʻana. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia ke koi huila wili me ke koho ʻole i ka mīkini kūpono, abrasive, kiaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i nā huna huna a me ka lepo.

wili

Ma lalo o ka waeʻano “kāmana i loko o ka hale” ua kamaʻilio mua mākou e pili ana i nā ʻōkuhi spiral no ka wili metala me nā kikoʻī, no laila e kuhikuhi mākou i kekahi mau hana hana.

Pono kākou e hoʻolohe i ka wā e wili ai, ʻaʻole e hoʻololi ke koʻi o ka bit drill i kona kūlana akā e mau nō ma ke kūlana like me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wili metala. ʻAʻole hiki ke hana ʻia nā lua axis arc i kēia mau lā, no laila e hoʻouna pinepine ʻia nā haku akamai i kā lākou mau haumāna ʻaʻole wale no ka faila lubricant, akā no ka drill bits no ka wili ʻana i nā lua arc.

ʻAʻole pono e hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana me ka ʻole o ka māka mua ʻana i ka pūnaewele wili me kahi māka - “kirner” (Fig3). I ka ʻeli ʻana i kahi lua hohonu, lawe mākou i ka drill bit mai ka lua i nā manawa he nui e wehe i ka chip. Inā wela ka drill, hoʻoluʻu mākou me ke kopa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻaʻole loa me ka ʻaila. E hoʻoneʻe mākou i ka puʻupuʻu haʻihaʻi mai ka lua, me nā pihi kikoʻī, ma ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā wili i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o ke awāwa spiral. Inā ua hou ka drill i ka mea hana, a noho ka ʻāpana haʻihaʻi i loko o ka lua, hiki iā mākou ke kīkē me kahi māka kuhikuhi. Wehe maʻalahi nā puʻu wili lahilahi ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Ua lawa ke kaumaha o ka drill i mea kaumaha no lakou. I ke kūʻai ʻana, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i hiki i ka drill ke komo i ka chuck.

ʻO nā ʻōlelo manaʻo e pili ana i ke kopa, ʻaʻohe aila, ka wehe ʻana i ka bit drill i haki ʻia, a me ke kuʻi ʻana i kahi ʻāpana me ka marker he mau ʻōlelo mōʻaukala, ʻaʻole ia he lula palekana. ʻO ka mea hoʻomaha e pili ana i ka mea a me ka hana; ma mua o ka wehe ʻana i kahi mea hana paʻa a haʻihaʻi paha, pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mīkini a kāpae ʻia mai ka lako mana. Hiki ke neʻe koke ka ʻāpana drill ʻino a me kahi ʻāpana paʻa ʻole, no laila pono ke kaʻina hana i ka hoʻoponopono a me ka mea hana pono.

*Kiʻi3- Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao a me ke kiko kiko o ke kahua wili *

He aha ka lua i wili ʻia ma muli o ka hoʻomākaukau mua ʻana o ka mea hana. No laila, e hōʻike mākou i kekahi mau hana hana i ka wā hoʻomākaukau.

Ma mua o ka wili ʻana i kekahi metala, pono mākou e kaha pololei i kahi o ka wili ʻana me nā laina ʻelua e hui ana ma nā kihi ʻākau. Aia ke kikowaena o ka wili ʻana ma ke kikowaena o kēia mau laina. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka huki ʻana i nā laina inā like lākou me nā ʻaoʻao o ka mea hana, a hiki iā mākou ke hana i kēia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi kihi kila - kahi kihi pahi. Hōʻailona mākou i nā wahi no ka wili ʻana i like ka mamao mai kekahi i kekahi me ka panana metala, ʻaʻole ka unahi metala. E kaha kākou i nā wahi wili mua ʻelua a e kaha i laina pololei lōʻihi ma waena o lāua. Hoʻololi mākou i ka mamao ma waena o nā helu mua ʻelua i ka laina i hōʻike ʻia me kahi lula metala. A pēlā mākou e hōʻailona ai i nā wahi wili ʻē aʻe.

Hohonu mākou i nā wahi i kaha ʻia me ka māka i ʻole e paheʻe ka piko o ka drill. Hoʻonoho mākou i ka māka kiko kiko me kona piko ma kekahi wahi, akā hili iki, a ma hope o ka hoʻopololei ʻana, paʻi mākou i ka hopena manuahi me ka hāmare.

Ma mua o ka wili ʻana, pono e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia nā kino hana. Nui nā mea hiki i kēia. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻaoʻao kila »U« i ka pākaukau hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea holoi wāwae, kahi wili a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻaoʻao U«, i ʻoki ʻia me ka ʻili ma ke ala kūpono.

Hiki iā mākou ke wili i ka ʻaoʻao o ke kila ʻehā - winkle.  Hoʻopili mua mākou i ka lihi o ka hao kihi a kaha i kahi o ka wili ʻana me ka nila a me ka mea hana kiko kiko, kahi e hiki ai ke wili i ka hao kihi. 

Kiʻi 4 — Kākoʻo i kahi mea poepoe no ka wili ʻana

No ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo me kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana poepoe, pono ia e hana i kahi paʻi kūikawā i hana ʻia me ka hao paʻa paʻa (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi alakaʻi makapō) nona nā kaula me kahi nut ma nā wēlau (kiʻi.4). Hiki iā mākou ke ʻae i nā paipu me kahi stirrup me kahi wili. ʻAʻole hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke wili wale akā e ʻoki i nā paipu. E pale mākou i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hao kihi inā hoʻokomo mākou i hoʻokahi wāwae o ke kihi i ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻoki ʻia. Inā pōkole ke kihi, ʻae mākou iā ia me ka wili a me ka drill. E wili mākou i kahi hao palahalaha pōkole ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā ia me kahi pipili. (kiʻi5).

Kiʻi5— Paʻi kūikawā no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka mea hana

ʻAʻole pono e hohonu ka lua, inā ʻaʻole mākou makemake e wili i ka mea hana. Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokō maʻalahi inā hoʻokomo mākou i hoʻokahi apo me kahi wili ma ka bit drill, i mea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hohonu o ka lua, ʻo ia hoʻi e hoʻopili i ke ana hohonu i ka bit drill. Ma mua o ka ʻeli ʻana i nā puka anawaena nui aʻe (eg. 8 mm) e wili i ka mea hana me ke anawaena liʻiliʻi (e like me ke anawaena4 mm). I kēia, ʻaʻole e kolo ka insole mānoanoa. Hoʻopili mua mākou i ka lua no nā wili, a laila no ke poʻo wili. Hana ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ke poʻo wili me ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hohonu o ka lua ma mua. Pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena o ka countersink ma mua o ke anawaena o ke poʻo wili.

Hoʻokuʻu hohonu, pre-drilling, drill diameter and countersinking of the screw head e koho ʻia e like me ka mīkini, mea, geometry hui a me ka noi a ka mea hana. ʻAʻole pono e wehe a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke apo i hoʻoponopono ʻia i nā ʻāpana ʻōwili. ʻO nā ana mai ka laʻana he ʻāpana o ka kikokikona kumu, akā ʻaʻole ia he kikoʻī āpau.

He mana nui ko ka wahi o ka drill bits i ko lakou ola. ʻO ka hopena maʻalahi loa no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā wili he hoʻokahi lath ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, kahi a mākou i wili ai i nā wahi me kā mākou mau lua e hoʻokomo iā lākou (ʻoiai ʻaʻole hoʻohana kēia wili lāʻau i kahi mea hoʻokomo, ʻaʻole e pōʻino ia mea hoʻokahi).

I loko o nā lua i wili ʻia ma kēia ʻano, ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka lubrication maikaʻi, kau mākou i nā ʻāpana drill me ka ʻaoʻao o ka roller ma lalo. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka pahu drill ma ka ʻaoʻao, akā makemake ʻia e wili ʻia ka pā i lalo a i ʻole ʻaoʻao o ka pā mea hana.

Ma ke kiʻi6e hōʻike mākou i nā kihi o ka wili wili i hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻano mea hana like ʻole e like me ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i ka maka a me ka ʻāpana cylindrical.

Kiʻi6- Hōʻike mōʻaukala o ka geometry o ka piko drill bit a me ka paʻa lipi

Mālama ʻia nā kihi a me nā māhele o nā haʻawina i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he kiʻi moʻolelo. ʻO ka geometry o ka piko, nā mea o ka drill bit, ka paʻa, nā kipi, ka hānai a me ka hoʻoluʻu e koho ʻia e like me ka drill bit kikoʻī, ka mīkini a me ka mea hana; ʻaʻole lawa ke kaha kiʻi no ke koho ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokala ʻana i ka mea hana.