Yambiro Yakakosha: Ichi chinyorwa chemudura renhoroondo, kwete zvazvino zvakabatanidzwa, mwero, kuyerwa kwekuremerwa kana kuraira kwebasa. Zviyero, tambo, zvishandiso, maturusi uye akatsanangurwa maitiro anofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana neanoshanda zviyero, zvinyorwa zvemugadziri uye chaiwo mamiriro ekushandisa. Kuchera, kucheka, kukwiza nekushanda nesimbi kunoda hunyanzvi hwakakodzera, kugadzirisa zvinhu kwakagadzikana uye midziyo yekuzvidzivirira.
Ichi chinyorwa hachisi chekupihwa chemarivets, screws kana maturusi kubva kuSavo Kusić. Chazvino chinopihwa chakanangana nemahwindo, magonhi uye kugadzirwa kwekuveza.
Riveting
Riveting ndiko kubatana kwezvinhu, izvo zvakapfava uye zviri nyore-kushanda-rivets zvinogadziriswa mune pre-yakadhirowa workpiece. Tinogona kutaura kuti kubatana uku kwakafanana nekubatana pakati pembambo nehuni. Iyo yakanyanya kuoma sezvo simbi yakaoma kupfuura huni.
Rivets icylindrical metal elements ine musoro unogona kuita hemispherical, lenticular, conical-recessed kana flat. Zvakagadzirwa nealuminium nemhangura.
Kana riveting, zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa: nyundo, tensioner, punch, riveter, cutter, pamwe ne spiral drill yekuchera maburi, uye yepepa simbi, cornice. Muchikamu chekutanga chebasa, tinocherechedza ma workpieces (mahwendefa kana zvimedu), zvino tinozviboora uye tinozviisa patafura yebasa re riveting. Tafura yeriveting inogona kuve yakakura, yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakasimba, ine mazamu akagadzirwa kuti akwane musoro werivet. Isu tinodhonza rivets kubva pasi kuburikidza neasati ambodhirwa mashizha akabatanidzwa uye nokudaro toisa workpiece pane ndiro yesimbi. Musoro werivet unofanirwa kugara pazasi peiyo recess mune simbi tafura pamusoro. Mushure meizvi, tinoisa tubular tensioner pamucheto wakamira we rivet uye nekurova kwenyundo, tinosimbisa maworkpieces akaunganidzwa nenzira iyi (mufananidzo 1).
Image 1 — maonero ekunyora pasi
Nhanho inotevera ndeyekugadzira hunde yerivet, uchitenderera nesando mudenderedzwa, nekuityora kuita mumwe musoro wehemispherical. Mune izvi, tinobatsirwa nemuumbi wekugadzira uyo, nemapendekete awo, anoumba magumo akatsemurwa nenzira dzakasiyana uye anoapinza mumhando dzakafanana.
A rivet ine countersunk conical head inoshandiswa kana rivet risingafanirwe kunge riri pamusoro pepamusoro pezvishandiso zvakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe. Hazvina kukwana kungobaya buri. Izvo zvinodikanwa kugadzira madhizaini-akaita sefunnel pamativi ese ekuvhura, akakura zvishoma pane dhayamita yemuviri werivet lining (ine cone reamer kana spiral drill ine diki blade angle). Musoro werivet zvino uchapinda mukuwedzera kwefunnel. Nekurova sando yemupfuri wekiyi, mutumbi wakamira unongosundirwa mukuwedzera kwakafanana nefunnel kusvika yavhara simbi zvakanaka. Musoro mutsva weriveti, wakaumbwa nekuvhuvhuta nesando, uchave wakanaka kana kureba kwemuviri unoonekwa kuri 1,2-1,5 kupeta dhayamita yaro. Kana iyo rivet ipfupi, haisungiri, nepo rivet refu inoita kuti zviome kuita rivet. Iyo dhayamita yegomba rakacherwa yerivet muviri rinofanira kunyatsoenderana nedhayamita rayo. Kana zvichibvira, tinoshandisa chibooreso chedhayamita imwe chete, nekuti chinoboora gomba hombe.
Tiri kunetsekana nezve “kuparadzanisa” kana kubvisa rivets. Kana musoro werivet uchiputika, tinogona kuibvisa nefaira uye kurova rivet kune rumwe rutivi. Kana musoro werivet wakakura, edza kutora mucheki kubva parutivi, pakati pemusoro neplate, uye ucheke musoro kubva pamuviri werivet. Rivets ine musoro wakaderedzwa haigoni kubviswa nenzira iyi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, bvisa musoro wakadzoserwa werivet, muchikamu chakaita sefunnel, chine chibooreso chakakodzera, uye gogodza riveti nenyundo inorova iri mhiri (mufananidzo 2).
Image 2 - rivet kubvisa maonero
Zvinoitika kuti isu tine chidikanwi kwete chekusimba asi chekubatana kwakasununguka nerivet (semuenzaniso kana uchibatanidza ruoko pane dial). Pakadai, tinoshandisa rivet diki dhayamita pane buri toisa washer yakati sandara pasi pemusoro. Uyu mutemo unozivikanwa: Rivet rimwechete haisi rivet. Kuti tive nekubatana kwakasimba uye kwete kusununguka, tichashandisa zvishoma rivets maviri. Kana, pakurova riveti nesando, tikanzwa kurira, tinofanira kuziva kuti dzinde rayo ratsemuka. Kana iyo yakaungana maworkpieces akananga kune mumwe nemumwe, ichi chiratidzo chekuti isu hatina kuomesa rivets zvakakwana kana kudzvanya migumo zvakanaka. Iwe unofanirwawo kuziva kuti rivets dzakamira. Cold rivets ane dhayamita kubva 1 kusvika 37 mm, nehurefu hwe 1,5 kusvika 8 dhayamita. Zvinonyanya kukosha kushandisa rivet yehukuru hwakakodzera, nokuti kana zvisina kudaro kunyange mushandi ane ruzivo haakwanisi kutarisira basa nyore nyore.
Tubular rivets anoshandiswawo (kunyanya muTekinoroji tekinoroji pamwe nemubhegi rehandbag uye yekushongedza haberdashery indasitiri). Dzinde nemusoro weiyi rivets hazvina mhango, saka hatizogadziri misoro nenyundo, asi nechombo chakakosha.
Kusimbisa mariveti
Iyo nzira itsva yeriveting ndeyekuomeswa kwerivets, iyo nhanho ndeyekuti musoro weiyo tensioner’s stem unoita kusimba uye kuomesa kuitira kuumba rim re tubular rivet. Tsinde yetensioner inotsemuka kupfuura iyo tension limit. Rivet hunde inosimbiswa nemapiresi anotsemuka.
Rivets akajairwa uye anogona kuvhurika kupera kana kuvharwa kupera pamwe nekuiswa grooved. Akavhurika rivets anoshandiswa kujoinha zvinhu zvakatetepa, kunyanya sheet simbi, uye rivets ane akavharika magumo anoshandiswa kune izvo zvisingakwanise kupfuura mvura nemhepo. Grooved rivets anoshandiswa kune zvakapfava uye crumbly zvinhu (semuenzaniso huni). Musoro we rivet unogona kuva hafu-kutenderera kana countersunk. Rivet madzinde anopinda muma rivet cavities anogona kunge ari mapfupi kana kureba akatyoka. Musoro werivet ungakwana muchigaro cherivet chemukati kana kubuda. Iyo rivet yakagadzirwa nealuminium, mhangura, simbi yakapfava, kana nickel-copper alloy (monel). Simba rema rivets rinoenderana nehutano hwezvinhu, ukobvu, rudzi. Simba rekugera rinobva pa 60 kusvika 150 kp. Isu tinochera maworkpiece ne spiral drill ine dhayamita yakakura ne 0,1-0,2 mm kupfuura dhayamita yerivet stem. Isa mutumbi weiyo yekusimbisa rivet mukati mekuvhura kweiyo riveting pliers, uye hollow rivet mugomba rakaboorwa. Kuisa kumanikidza nemapini aya pane workpiece, tinosunga zvibato kune mumwe nemumwe. Imwe yekusimbisa haina kukwana, asi iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti muviri werivet unowanzo kutyora pane yechitatu kuomesa. Mushure mekusimbisa kwega kwega, isu tinotsvedza pliers pane rivet muviri. Kubatsira kwebofu riveting ndeyekuti iyo riveting yekubatanidza yakafanana, saka kuita kwakashata kunenge kusingaite. Iyo yekupfekedza kubva panzvimbo yakapendwa haipfadzi panguva yebasa iri. Munzvimbo dzakavharwa kana dzakaoma-kusvika-kusvika panzvimbo yebasa (semuenzaniso mumapombi), nzvimbo chete ine hupamhi hwe 4,8 mm inodiwa kuti uite chisimbiso musoro. Iyo yakasungirirwa zvinhu haina kukanganisa, kunyangwe mapepa ane ukobvu hwe 0,5 mm. Isu tinotsiva rivet nekuboora rivet nechibooreso chedhayamita imwechete (mufananidzo 3).
Mufananidzo 3 - rivet kutsiva maonero
Zvikururu
Izvo zvakanyanya kushandiswa zvakanyanya zvekubatanidza zvinhu izvo zvinovimbisa disassembly yezvinhu zvakabatana zvinoshanda mascrews. Zvinoenderana neshinda, screws inogona kuve: metric, yakanaka, Whitworth uye tubular. Maererano nechimiro chemusoro, tinosiyanisa polygonal, grooved, countersunk, drilled, average screws, etc. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune nuts-nuts ye screws iyo yatinoshandisa kana screw isingagamuchirwi netambo dzakaputika dzegomba, asi neshinda ye nut kune imwe mugumo wegomba rakagadzirwa zvakanaka. Zvikumbiro zvinowanzogadzirwa nesimbi, asi mhangura, ndarira uye aluminium screws uye nzungu zvinoshandiswa zvakare. Mahwendefa ekutsigira ari pasi pemusoro wescrew anodzivirira kukuvadzwa kwepamusoro pechishandiso kubva kumusoro wakaomeswa, usatendere kusingadzoreki kusunungura screw, pamwe nekusunungura, asi kuendesa iyo clamping simba kune yakakura nzvimbo.
Zvikururu zvine shinda dzemetric zvinonyanya kushandiswa. Kona yeshinda dzakachekwa, kona yemapendero adzo inosvika 60°. Iyo dhayamita yeshinda yescrew izere kana chegumi chemillimeter, uye kukwirira kweshinda (neizvi tinoreva kufamba kwescrew munzira yeiyo longitudinal axis panguva imwe yakazara kutendeuka) zvakare mune yakazara mamirimita. Masiruu emetric akamisikidzwa anopihwa shinda. Semuyenzaniso, M 10 inoratidza dhayamita yeshinda ye 10 mm ine shinda inopinza ye 1,5 mm (ichi zvakare chinonamira pakati peshinda). Iyo shinda yakatsetseka, yakasiyana neyakapfuura, yakanyorwa neM 10x1, zvinoreva kuti, kusiyana neshinda dzakajairika, ine mazino akatsetseka, nekuti kukwirira kweshinda kunongova 1 mm, i.e. idiki pane yapfuura.
Kunyangwe zvisinganyanyi kuwanda, mabhaudhi ane shinda dzeWhitworth anoshandiswa (semuenzaniso pamotokari dzakagadzirwa neChirungu). Vanowana zita ravo kubva kuzita rechiRungu fekitori iyo yakatanga yakamisa screw shinda. Thread diameter inopiwa muChirungu inches, inches (1“=2,54 mm), pamwe nekona kumusoro kwe55°. Kona yekurerekera kweshinda inotarwa nenhamba yeshinda muhurefu hweinji imwe, kureva. maererano nenhamba ye “mazino” pachirungiro, kureba2,54 mm. Kana iyo dhayamita yeshinda isiri inch yakazara, tinoiratidza muchimiro chechidimbu. Kana isu tikasangana neshinda yakadai yekumaka, senge7/8“, zvoreva kuti idhayamita rebhaudhi22,2 mm, uye nhamba yemazino pachigunwe chimwe chete9,ndiko kukwirira kweshinda2,8 mm. Iyo isiri-yakajairwa Whitworth tambo yakanyorwa neW3/4x10. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dhayamita yescrew izvikamu zvitatu zve inch (19 mm) ine dense serrations, 10mazino-notches pahurefu humwe hwechigunwe nemateru e 2,5 mm.
Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye tubular tambo mukuita kwekuisa tubular. Iwo akamakwa nebhii C, hunhu hwawo hunopihwa mumainch uye hunoenderana nekona ye55° pedyo nepamusoro. Ma threads akanaka kureva kuti. nenhamba huru ye “mazino”. Tinofanira kunyatsochenjerera kuti zvigunwe zvegumwe izvi hazvimiriri dhayamita yeshinda, asi dhayamita yemukati yepombi panoiswa shinda. Tichireva muenzaniso wapfuura, iyo label C7/8“ inomiririra tambo yepombi yakadai, iyo dhayamita yekunze iri 30,2 m, uye imwe inch yehurefu hwepombi inotemwa14bevel teeth1,8 mm.
Kumucheto kwemahara kwe screw, iyo spindle inowana shinda, iyo iyo nati inodzvanywa neshinda dzayo. Mitambo yemukati ye nut inoumbwa mugomba rakagara rakagadzirwa, uye tambo dzebhoti dzinoumbwa nekugogodza pamutumbi wecylindrical. Shinda dzenati dzakapamhama zvishoma kuti dzikwane shinda dze screw. Ndicho chikonzero madhayamita avo akasiyana. Nekumbochera gomba muzvinhu uye kushandisa chibooreso chekucheka muzambiringa, tinoita tambo mu nut. Iyo dhayamita yegomba iri yakaenzana nescrew core, uye idiki zvakanyanya kupfuura dhayamita yeshinda. Nheyo ndiyo chikamu chescrew mushure mekunge shinda yabviswa. E.g., patambo dzemetric dze nati, dhayamita 10 mm tinofanoboora gomba re 8,4 mm.
Kubaya tambo dzekunze nedzemukati hazvidi hunyanzvi hwakakosha. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ipe spindle zviyero zvakakodzera zveshinda, ndiko kuti, tambo ye nut kuti icheke kune zviyero zvakatemwa zvepakati (mufananidzo 4). Kana sikuruu ikaita senge wachi, ikurudyi yeruoko rwerudyi. Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, sikururu ine gwara rimwe chete rekutenderera ichibuda mugomba, ipapo inenge iri screw ine shinda yekuruboshwe, iyo inotarwa nekadiki kadiki mumakona ari padivi pemusoro, nepo mamwe maviri notch akaiswa mumusoro nenotch. Tambo yakadaro inomakwa pakudhirowa neM-10. Kana zvichidikanwa kusungira screws, pasina tambo dzakakasharara, isu tichaita tambo ine matangiro munzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Izvi zvinomakwa ne 3 kupemha. M 10x1, inomiririra nzvimbo ye 1mm, kunyange kutendeuka kumwe kuchidzikisa screw ne 3 mm. Screw threads dzinodzorwa ne thread gauge comb. Mhinduro iri nyore pane iyi ndeyekuenzanisa bhaudhi rinozivikanwa nekuriisa pedyo ne bhaudhi rine maitiro asingazivikanwe. Madhiri akafanana kana shinda dzawo dzakabata kureba kwese kwechirukwa. Iyo dhayamita inotarwa pachishandiswa template.
Image 4 — kuona kwekubaya shinda
Ma screws anosimbiswa nescrewdriver, kiyi uye neruoko. Nekushanda ne screwdriver, screws ine notch, ine cylindrical, hafu-yakapoteredza uye countersunk musoro inoshandiswa. Madhiri ane shavishavi uye musoro wakatsvetwa anosimbiswa nemaoko, uye screws ane hexagonal uye sikweya musoro anosimbiswa nema wrenches. Special screws anopihwa ane hexagonal recesses. Vanoshandurwa nenzira yekiyi ine hexagonal cross-section, iyo inoiswa mumusoro wescrew yakagadzirwa nenzira iyi (yakadaro inoshandiswa muMULTIMAKS michina yekugadzira maturusi). Kuwanda kuri kushandiswa maserukuru ane muchinjiko wenotch, ayo. zvinoda kushandiswa kwechina-blade screwdriver. Nzungu dzemhando dzakasiyana dzinogadzirwa zvakare (mufananidzo 5).
Mufananidzo 5 — kuratidzwa kwemarudzi makuuru
Tatotaura nezve screw keys kuti dzinofanirwa kunyatso kuchinjirwa kune screw head. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune nzungu dzinoshandiswa kana uchishandisa countersunk head screws. Iyo screwdriver haifanirwe kuve yakapinza kana yakagomara. Iyo hupamhi hwejasi hunofanira kugadziriswa kusvika pakureba, uye hupamhi hwemucheka kusvika pahupamhi hwechinyorwa. Nescrewdriver, zvinokwanisika kutenderedza sikuruu isina musoro, anonzi mabhaudhi etrack.
Paunenge uchishandisa nati ine musoro wakatsetseka (isu zvakare tinoidaidza kuti misoro yakakora), yakakosha-yakaita seforogo screwdriver inoshandiswa.
Nzira dzakati wandei dzekushanda ne screw
Tinoisa masiruuru esimbi madiki tichishandisa screwdriver ine magumo ane magineti kana kiyi. Nekuda kwedu screw driver driver tinogona kushandisa soft metal waya ine loop end. Kana musoro wesiruu wadamburwa, cheka notch pascuruu yatinopinza screwdriver wobvisa screw.
Mubasa redu, tinobhadhara zvakanyanya kuti tisakuvadza tambo dze screw. Kana zvikaitika, ngatiedzei kucheka chikamu chakakanganisika cheshinda nediki hacksaw. Kufanoongorora screw kuitira kupfupisa kureba kwayo kunoitwa chete mushure mekunge tatoiisa pakati pemazino akapfava emangal, kuti arege kukuvadza tambo. Isu tinotanga nemafuta masimbi esimbi, ayo anoratidzwa nemamiriro ekunze, uye anoaisa panzvimbo. Kana ma screws ane ngura, zora shinda ne petroleum uye mushure menguva rova musoro we screw nesando.
Pamasvikiro, ayo atinopinza mumidziyo yakapfava, tinofanira kuisa washer ine dhayamita yakakura. Hatifanire kukanganwa kuti shinda dze screw hadzibate pedyo nescrew musoro kunze kwekunge tacheka shinda pahunde kusvika pazasi pescrew head.
Misoro inoenderana: bhaudhi kunhengo dzeweld, base zvinhu nezvisungo uye kugadzira mahwindo nemasuo.