** Tseem Ceeb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Ceeb Toom:** Qhov no yog cov ntawv sau tseg los ntawm 2018. xyoo, thiab tsis yog niaj hnub cov lus qhia rau vuam, soldering, npaj tshuaj los yog ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug qhib nplaim taws. Cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia yuav suav nrog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog, cov kuab tshuaj lom thiab cov kuab tshuaj lom, cov kuab tshuaj corrosive, cov pa phem, cov hlau lead, cadmium thiab lwm yam hlau hnyav, kub qhov chaw, hluav taws xob, lub tog raj kheej siab, thiab hluav taws kub tawg. Tsis txhob npaj cov kev daws teeb meem keeb kwm thiab pastes raws li cov zaub mov txawv los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem thiab tsis txhob muab cov coatings tsis paub los yog hlau. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, xaiv cov hmoov lead-dawb los yog lwm yam tsim nyog system, kev rho tawm hauv zos, kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag thiab lub cev ua pa, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev cia cov tshuaj thiab pov tseg cov khoom seem yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov neeg tsim nyog raws li cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb, cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom thiab cov kev cai siv. Kev sib txuas rau kev thauj khoom, hluav taws xob, roj av, kav dej, khoom noj khoom haus, kev kho mob lossis lwm yam kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb yuav tsum muaj kev tshaj lij thiab kev tswj xyuas.
Vuam, soldering thiab muag cov tshuaj lossis cov khoom siv hlau tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev tshaj tawm tshiab ntawm Savo Kusić. Lub hom phiaj tam sim no yog ntoo qhov rais, ntoo-aluminium Qhov rais, lub qhov rais kev cai thiab qhov rooj. Rau qhov project qhov rais lossis qhov rooj, koj tuaj yeem xa thov lus.
Sib koom hlau qhov chaw
Txog tam sim no peb tau txiav, txiav, ua ntaub ntawv thiab tho khoom. Lwm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hlau.
Pab pawg ua haujlwm no tau muab faib ua ob hom kev koom ua ke: sib cais thiab tsis sib cais. Los ntawm qhov no yog txhais tau tias kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom sib txuas yam tsis tau rhuav tshem lawv cov kev sib txuas (piv txwv li, los ntawm kev tshem tawm ib lub ntsia hlau peb cais cov khoom) thiab kev sib cais nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lawv cov kev sib txuas. Cov tom kawg suav nrog vuam thiab soldering. Nruab nrab ntawm kev sib cais thiab tsis sib cais muaj kev sib txuas nrog rivets.
Sib cais ntawm qhov chaw uas koom nrog rivets yog ua los ntawm kev rhuav tshem cov rivets.
Unbreakable links
Ua ntej cia peb pom cov haujlwm ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau ua kom sib cais tsis tau. Cov haujlwm no suav nrog vuam. Yuav tsum muaj kev kuaj xyuas kev tshaj lij los ua cov txheej txheem ntawd. Vuam tshuab feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv rhiav, thiab peb tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv tsev.
Lub ntsiab ntawm vuam yog tias thaum vuam, tsis tsuas yog electrodes, piv txwv li vuam rods muaj cov khoom ntxiv, tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm lub workpiece yaj. Qhov no tau ua tiav yog tias cov kev sib txuas tau ua kom sov siv lub tshuab autogenous. Kev sib txuas kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua los ntawm hluav taws xob vuam.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas yog tias ob qho khoom npaj tau koom nrog los ntawm kev siv cov hlau molten, solder. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj qhov sib txawv ntawm vuam thiab soldering yog cov pob qij txha ntawm cov khoom tsis melted thaum soldering. Soldering yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsuas yog ob peb yam cuab yeej, khoom siv thiab khoom siv (Daim duab 1, sab saum toj).
Txhawm rau ua ke ob yam khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom tshiab. Lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv soldered yog txiav txim siab los ntawm: txoj kev sib dhos thiab qhov ntev, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tau soldered, cov cuab yeej, lub zog ntawm cov alloys thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov soldering.
- Daim duab 1 — Soldering accessories thiab keeb kwm sawv cev ntawm cov duab sib koom *
Cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm uas tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem yog: blunt, slanted, folded, “dovetail” thiab ntxiv dag zog. Qhov dav ntawm lub puab tsaig yuav tsum yog los ntawm ib mus rau peb npaug ntawm lub thickness ntawm lub workpiece. Tawm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov workpieces yog qhov tsim nyog, kom cov molten solder yuav sau nws.
Peb yuav tsum ua cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke kom ua tau kom cov molten solder ua tiav qhov khoob ntawm lawv. Txoj hauv kev kom ua haujlwm kom zoo yog pom nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm daim duab kos duab 1. Ob peb qhov kev sib txuas no haum rau peb cov kev xav tau hauv tsev.
Tshem tawm cov oxides thiab roj
Nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog oxygen los ntawm huab cua nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog precious hlau, ib tug oxide txheej yog tsim - xeb.
txheej txheej no yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej soldering nrog ib tug hlau txhuam, scraping ntaub ntawv, emery ntaub (sandpaper) los yog ib co paub cov tshuaj.
Kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, tso zis raws li sulfuric, nitric thiab sodium acids tau nthuav dav. Cov kua qaub thiab cov kua qaub no muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov oxide txheej, tsis tsuas yog ua ntej tawg, tab sis kuj yog txheej txheej uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm soldering.
Peb xaiv cov xeb tshem tawm raws li cov khoom ntawm cov hlau. Piv txwv li rau cov hlau thiab nws cov alloys peb siv sulfuric acid, sodium acid, phosphoric acid thiab lawv cov kev daws teeb meem. Txhawm rau ntxuav tooj liab, npib tsib xee thiab nws cov alloys, peb siv cov tshuaj sulfuric acid. Sonic acid feem ntau yog siv. Yog tias cov khoom muaj xeb ntau dua, peb siv cov tshuaj nitric acid. Tom qab ntxuav cov xeb, peb tshem tawm cov kua qaub tam sim ntawd, vim tias yog tias peb tsis tshem nws, cov oxide txheej yuav rov ua dua. Qhov saum npoo peb tab tom npaj rau kev sib tsoo yuav raug ntxuav ntawm cov roj uas yooj yim tshaj yog tias peb ntxuav nws nrog roj av ntshiab.
Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los hais txog kev ua haujlwm nrog sulfuric, nitric, sodium thiab phosphoric acid thiab ntxuav nrog roj av ntshiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv raws li kev qhia hauv tsev. Tsis txhob sib tov cov kua qaub, siv roj av ua cov tshuaj degreaser, thiab ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, qhov cua, khoom siv, kev cia khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev nchuav thiab pov tseg.
Melters
Cov kuab tshuaj siv thaum lub sij hawm soldering yog muab faib ua inorganic thiab organic. Cov kuab tshuaj raws li cov ntaub ntawv inorganic yog paub zoo nyob rau hauv lub npe nischador - ib tug dej-soluble dawb ntsev. Sonic acid tau los ntawm cov tshuaj no hloov cov oxides tsim rau hauv chlorides. Nišador kuj ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau soldering.
Zinc chloride yog cov ntsev dawb uas tseem yaj tau yooj yim hauv dej. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, nrog cov av noo ntawm huab cua, nws tsim cov roj ntawm sodium acid, uas hloov cov oxides tsim rau hauv chlorides. Zinc chloride yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws flux rau cov muag muag muag. Nws qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yooj yim absorbs kua, yog li nws siv yog txwv. Nws absorbs residual solvent dej los ntawm qhov chaw soldering, thiab cov generated sodium acid gas ua rau tom qab corrosion. Cov xwm txheej no tshwm sim feem ntau ntawm cov hlau, tooj liab thiab tooj liab alloys.
Peb tsis tshua siv zinc chloride lossis ammonia chloride hnyav. Kev sib tov ntawm ob qho ntsev yog feem ntau siv. Qhov sib piv ntawm tus nqi ntawm ob qho ntsev txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm qhov sib tov, uas dictates nws siv.
Solder kua thiab muab tshuaj
Thaum soldering nrog cov muag muag, peb siv cov kua nplaum ua kua. Dissolve tin pieces nyob rau hauv sulfuric acid. Cov tshuaj no muaj txog 50% zinc chloride.
Qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws solder paste yog tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov kua nplaum nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Lwm daim ntawv qhia hu rau kev sib tov tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw 10 g ntawm ammonium chloride thiab 90 g ntawm cov kua qaub-dawb ntxhia roj. Soldering paste kuj tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw 25 g ntawm ammonium chloride nrog 100 g ntawm roj av jelly ntawm qhov kub ntawm 75°C.
Peb tau txais cov roj soldering yog tias peb ntxiv txog 40% glycerin rau cov tshuaj ammonia chloride.
Boric Rosin thiab Ammonium Chloride Rosin Solvent yog ib qho kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau cov organic raws li fluxes. Xws li yog, piv txwv li, kev sib xyaw ntawm 25 qhov chaw ammonia chloride, 15 cov nqaij nyug siab thiab 15 qhov chaw roj.
Recipes for Acids, Zinc Chloride, Ammonium Chloride, Pastes, Oils and Solvents from this page is reserved as historical content only. Tsis txhob npaj lawv lossis hloov lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo rau cov ntawv no; tsuas yog siv cov cim kom meej meej, sib xws cov khoom siv rau lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, nrog cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev txiav txim siab tiv thaiv kev ntsuas.
Calafonium tau siv txij li lub sijhawm immemorial ua cov kuab tshuaj raws li cov khoom siv organic. Nws muaj lub zog oxidizing uas tsis muaj zog, uas tso cai rau tsuas yog qeeb soldering thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txhua yam tu ntawm thaj chaw soldering. Qhov zoo ntawm rosin yog tias nws cov seem ntawm cov hlau tsis ua rau corrosion.
Lub melting point ntawm mos solders yog hauv qab no 500°C. Lawv muaj cov hlau hnyav xws li tin, lead, cadmium thiab lwm yam. Rau cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev, tinsmith’s tin yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws, uas los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, nyob ntawm seb nws muaj 25%, 50% thiab 75% tin. Raws li tus nqi ntawm tin nce, nws cov ntsiab lus melting txo. Lead thiab tin alloys harden maj mam tom qab soldering. Lead-cadmium solder hloov tin solder nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.
soldering hlau
Cov khoom siv dav dav rau cov kws ua haujlwm hauv tsev yog cov hlau nplaum, thaum cov khoom muag muag tsis tshua muaj.
Lub taub hau tooj liab ntawm cov hlau nplaum tuaj yeem ua kom sov tau ntau txoj hauv kev: ntawm cov nplaim taws hauv lub qhov cub, siv hluav taws xob thiab qhib cov nplaim hluav taws xob thiab roj av.
Cua sov cov hlau nrog thermal zog los ntawm sab nraud tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig vim tias cov hlau nplaum muab cov cua sov sai heev, hauv 1-1,5 minut, tab sis nws qhov zoo dua yog tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau nyob txhua qhov chaw. Hluav taws xob soldering hlau tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub mains. Nrog lawv, koj tuaj yeem solder tsis tu ncua nrog kev tswj cua sov. Lub 200-500W soldering hlau yog siv dav tshaj plaws. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no, nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov hlau nplaum uas muaj lub zog qis heev, “cov xaum xaum” nrog cov tam sim no qis.
Qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov hlau soldering nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw soldering, nrog rau lub thickness ntawm lub workpiece.
Soldering irons tsis haum rau soldering cov khoom loj thiab tuab vim hais tias cua sov ntawm tej qhov chaw yuav tsum tau kub siab tshaj 500°C. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug roj av soldering teeb (fly-lamp) feem ntau yog siv.
- Piv txwv ntawm phau ntawv roj hmab soldering hlau *
Soldering flux
Ua ntej soldering, peb yuav tsum tau npaj lub workpiece rau soldering thiab ntxuav lub soldering hlau. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej soldering, peb txheej saum npoo nrog cov kua nplaum, kom tshem tawm cov oxide txheej uas tau tsim thaum lub sij hawm soldering thiab tso cai rau cov ntawv yooj yim los ntxuav. Tshav kub cov hlau uas huv huv rau ib qho kub, ces nias lub solder nrog nws lub ntsis. Lub solder melts nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm tshav kub thiab adheres rau lub ntsis ntawm lub soldering hlau, yog li nws yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lub soldering site. Peb khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw no kom txog rau thaum lub workpieces yog rhuab mus rau qhov yuav tsum tau kub thiab lub molten solder nyob rau hauv lub seam ntawm lawv. Cov hlau hnyav hnyav dhau los ua kom cov hlau nplaum ntau dua, ua rau nws nyuaj rau yaj sib npaug. Yog hais tias, ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov kub ntawm cov hlau soldering yog tsawg, nws tsis txaus cua sov qhov chaw ntawm soldering, thiab cov ntawv hlau txias sai sai.
Tin oxidises ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Oxides rhuav tshem qhov sib xws ntawm daim ntawv cog lus thiab yog li txo nws lub zog.
Peb yuav tsum tau xyuam xim. thiab ntawm kev coj ua thiab ib qho kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau soldering. Qhov kawg theem ntawm soldering yog ntxuav lub soldered nto los ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov kua soldering. Kev tuav ntawm cov kua no ua rau tom qab corrosion ntawm cov hlau nyob ib ncig ntawm lub solder.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm tsis ntev los no, ntau yam solders ua ke hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib - soldering hlau raug muag.
Soldering nrog solders nrog lub melting point saum toj no 500°C yog hu ua nyuaj soldering, uas peb siv thaum mos soldering nrog daim ntawv tin tsis muab peb nrog ib tug muaj zog txaus kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov khoom, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau dua kub thiab ntau dua mechanical load. Rau soldering nws yog tsim nyog los muab:
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Qhov chaw tshav kub (roj roj teeb lub teeb, taws teeb) siv los yaj cov tin thiab cua sov cov khoom ua haujlwm kom koom nrog.
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Kev xaiv zoo ntawm cov khoom siv zoo.
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Tus neeg saib xyuas kom tshem tawm cov oxides thiab tiv thaiv qhov chaw thiab nws cov substrate los ntawm corrosion thaum lub sij hawm soldering.
Cov kev xav tau ua haujlwm yog tib yam li rau cov khoom siv muag muag. Koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau xaiv lub tshav kub, cov kua dej thiab cov solder nyob ntawm lub zog thiab kub dua.
txhais tau tias thiab txoj kev nyuaj soldering
Soldering nrog ib tug soldering hlau yog tsis muaj peev xwm nrog ib tug nyuaj soldering, vim hais tias cov tooj liab ntsis ntawm lub soldering hlau yuav soften saum toj no 500°C, dua li ntawd, nws sau thiab emissions tshav kub yog tsis txaus rau no soldering. Hloov chaw ntawm cov hlau nplaum, roj av teeb yog siv rau soldering thiab sib txawv burners uas peb hlawv roj sib tov. Qhov no twb ua kom muaj cua sov txaus thiab kev ua haujlwm thermal.
Cov khoom siv roj ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov pa oxygen, acetylene thiab oxygen, thiab hydrogen thiab oxygen.
Kev sib xyaw thiab siv cov roj hluav taws xob uas siv tau nrog cov pa oxygen, roj av thiab lwm lub qhov cub qhib ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub, tawg, flashback, kub hnyiab thiab cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj. Cov lus piav qhia keeb kwm no tsis txaus rau kev xaiv, kev sib txuas lossis siv cov cuab yeej zoo li no; ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau tso tseg rau ib tug neeg kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug haum chaw ruaj ntseg.
Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub, ib tug blowtorch nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug raj yog dav siv, uas yog siv los tshuab rau ntawm lub workpiece tshaj lub nplaim ntawm ib tug cawv teeb.
Lub zog tsim kua muag ntawm cov tawv tawv tawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag50 kg/ hli2(nws yog nrog soft solder10 kg/ hli2). Tooj liab yog cov hlau tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas feem ntau siv rau kev sib tsoo, nrog rau: tin, tin, phosphorus, nyiaj, kub, platinum thiab cadmium. Siv ib tug xov tooj ntawm alloys, solder ntawm txawv zoo, melting point, xim, lub zog thiab corrosion kuj yuav ua tau. Ntawm cov txheej txheem solders, peb tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho solder ntawm qhov xav tau feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus, melting point thiab purity.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev feem ntau siv cov tooj liab thiab zinc solder ( tooj dag) uas lawv siv los ua cov khoom siv hlau, tooj liab, tooj liab alloy, npib tsib xee, npib tsib xee alloy thiab acid-resistant steel. Piv txwv li, los ntawm tooj dag nrog tus lej1npe fSr42muaj41-43%tooj thiab56-58%zinc, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog845°C. Solder marks fSr85tus lej5muaj84-86% tooj liab,13-16%zinc,0,2-0,4%ntawm silicon, thiab nws melting point yog1020°C.
Rau cov nyiaj tin, uas yog cov hlau alloy ntawm cov nyiaj, tooj liab, zinc, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau soldering yuav luag txhua yam khoom, tshwj tsis yog txhuas, magnesium thiab titanium, nrog rau cov hlau nrog lub melting point hauv qab no.720°C.
Fluxes muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm diluting thiab dissolving hlau oxides thiab tiv thaiv kev sib koom tes ntawm oxidation ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lawv tsis txhob tua cov khoom siv soldered, uas lawv nyob twj ywm rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau tov, thiab lawv yooj yim tshem tawm los ntawm qhov chaw soldering.
Melters yog, e.g. boric acid, borax, hydrogen phosphate-ammonia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium silicate, sodium bromide thiab potassium bromide. Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia txog kev ua haujlwm sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Nyob hauv tsev, peb tuaj yeem siv borax nrog peb cov khoom muag nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo, uas yog cov tshuaj siv los ntawm cov kws yees duab. Sib tov nrog dej me ntsis nws yog siv rau hauv lub xeev slurry.
Cia tam sim no ua raws li qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj ntawm kev ua piv txwv. Peb tab tom ua haujlwm nrog kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov pob txha ntawm lub kaus mom lub teeb sawv ntawm cov hlau hlau uas peb yuav tom qab npog nrog parchment lossis silk. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug qauv, ib tug yeeb nkab los yog ib lub nkoj, peb ua ib tug voj voog nyob rau hauv lub qis thiab sab rings los ntawm cov txiav hlau, thickness 1,5-2,5 mm. Tom qab no peb txiav cov stiffener los ntawm 3-4 daim ntawm cov hlau ncaj nraim los ua lub plhaub coupe.
Tom qab cov kev ua no, peb mus rau soldering, uas nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv lub roj teeb. Peb yuav siv tooj dag solder, thiab raws li ib tug soldering kua, borax tov nrog ib tug me me dej los ua ib tug muab tshuaj txhuam. Peb nteg cov khoov thiab sib txuas ntawm cov xov hlau ntawm ib lub cib kom cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txuas tsis so ntawm lub cib, tab sis dai dawb. Peb muab ib qho me me ntawm borax rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hlau. Tam sim no peb sov qhov chaw yuav tsum tau soldered, mus rau ib tug tsaus liab glow thaum lub borax kuj melts. Yog hais tias peb tam sim no nqa ib daim ntawm tooj dag solder, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pas nrig los yog phaj, mus rau lub soldering taw tes thiab dipped rau hauv lub molten borax yam tsis cuam tshuam lub cua sov, ib tug poob yuav yaj los ntawm lub hard solder. Yog hais tias qhov kub ntawm lub rhuab hlau hlau yog siab tshaj qhov melting kub ntawm lub solder, lub molten droplet yuav kis tawm glowing. Lub solder yuav solidify sai sai tom qab cov nplaim raug tshem tawm.
Cov piv txwv yav dhau los nrog roj av teeb, cib, borax thiab cua sov hlau rau incandescence yuav tsum tsis txhob ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg no. Ib qho chaw ua haujlwm siab, tswj qhov cua sov, qhov cua thiab tso pa, tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab kub hnyiab, kev paub txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab kev tswj xyuas cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua.
Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev zoo sib xws, peb yuav tsum tau muab cov stiffeners txuas ib ntus, yog tias cov nplhaib tau ua dhau los. Tom qab ua tiav soldering, peb tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov iav borax txias nrog rauj tshuab zoo.