Chiziviso chakakosha chehunyanzvi uye chekuchengetedza: Iyi iongororo yearchive, kwete dhizaini, maverengero akamira, kuongororwa kwebhiriji riripo, kana mirairo yekuvaka, yekuongorora kana kugadzirisa. Iwo ekutanga kupatsanura, spans, reshiyo, kushushikana, zviwanikwa, majoini maficha uye zvigadziriso zvigadziriso zvakatamiswa pasina kusimbiswa kwehunyanzvi uye hazvifanirwe kushandiswa sekutsanangurwa kwazvino. Kugadzira uye kushanda pamabhiriji kunoda vagadziri vane mvumo uye makondirakiti, mirairo yazvino uye zviyero, geotechnical uye hydrological data, kuverenga kwekusingaperi uye kwakasiyana mhedzisiro, kuneta, mhepo, tembiricha, seismicity, kugadzikana, nheyo, mamiriro egungano uye kusimba, pamwe nekuyedzwa kwezvinhu, ngura, majoini uye mamiriro chaiwo echimiro. Kusvika kune chimiro, kushanda paurefu, traffic, kusimudza, welding, kucheka uye kusangana zvinotakura njodzi dzinouraya uye zvinoda chirongwa chekudzivirira chakakosha.
Dhizaini, kuvaka uye kugadziridzwa kwemabhiriji esimbi haisi chikamu chekupihwa kutsva kweruzhinji kweSavo Kusić. Ikozvino kutariswa ndeye mahwindo emapuranga, timber-aluminium Mahwindo, custom Mahwindo uye magonhi. Kune hwindo kana chirongwa chemusuwo, unogona kutumira chikumbiro chemutengo.
Arch mabhiriji
Kune mabhiriji chaiwo ane arch akaomesesa, anogona kugamuchira marudzi ese ekukanganisa, uye arch mabhiriji anoumbwa netsvimbo, uko yakaoma system inowanikwa nekuvapo kwedanda rinoomesa. A stiffened arch (Langer beam) inoverengerwa pasi pekufungidzira kwekubatanidzwa kwakasungirirwa, saka iyo arch inongotakurwa neakajairika masimba. Nguva dzekukotama dzinotorwa nedanda rekuomesa, iro rinoitawo basa rekumanikidzana kana arch iri pamusoro pedanda.
Arches uye Langer matanda ane hupfumi kupfuura girder mabhiriji kune akakura spans, nekuti iyo yakaenzana yakagoverwa yakazara mutoro inogamuchirwa chete neanotsigira mutsara wearch. Kunze kwemamwe masimba, nguva dzinokonzerwa nekurodha zvishoma, saka dzakanyanya kudiki mumaarch pane matanda.
Fig.1- Lattice Ports
Fig.2- Zviteshi zvemarata
a) Arch kuvaka. Zviteshi zvezvikepe zvakasungirirwa hazviwanzo kuvakwa nekuda kwekuomerwa kwekutsigira clamping. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyezviteshi pazvibatanidzwa zviviri. MaPorts ane hinges matatu ane mukana wekuti kufamba kwezvitsigiro uye kushanduka kwekushisa hakukonzeri masimba mavari. Izvo zvinonyanya kushanda kune yakaderera reshiyo f/l uye nenyaya yevhu risingavimbike. Zviteshi zvakaomarara zvinogadzirwa segridi (fig.1) kana semarata anotsigisa (fig.2) Iyo arched chimiro chiri pamusoro uye pazasi pemugwagwa, yakanyura nzira inodzivirirwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekunaka. Zviteshi zviri pamusoro penzira zvinogashira masimbi kuitira kuti zvigamuchire kufambisa kwechiteshi. Kana iyo arch yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune matanda epadyo nemazaruro (fig.1c uye e), static uwandu hunogona kupesvedzerwa mukati memiganhu yakakura.
b) Matanda eLanger ane matinji akasimba, sezvo kureba kwekukombama kwakaenzana nenhambwe iri pakati pemanodhi echokubatanidza chepamusoro. Mhinduro dzine arch pasi pevhu (fig. 3d) haiwanzoshandiswa mumabhiriji. Danda rema stiffeners rinogona kunge riri sheet simbi kana lattice. Nezvigadziriso zvese zviri zviviri, danda iro rinogona kuramba richienderera mberi muminda yakavakidzana, kuitira kuti inoenderera kana Gerber masisitimu anogadzirwa (fig. 3b). Mumuonde. 4 inoratidza muchinjiko-chikamu chebhiriji rine girder rimwe repakati. Chimiro chinotsigira chine danda arch, zvirembera zvakasimba uye bhokisi rakavharika rakavharika sedanda rinoomesa rinogamuchira torsion nekukotama nguva.
Fig.3- Mitsipa mirefu
Fig.4-Kuyambuka-chikamu chebhiriji rine rimwe repakati girder
c) Frame mabhiriji. Pazvinenge zvichidikanwa kuti uone kureba kwemahara kweprofile pamusoro pehupamhi hwese hwekuvhura, mafuremu anoiswa pamajoini maviri kana matatu ane yakaderera tsigiro kureba pane nematanda akareruka nekuda kwekuita kwefuremu (Fig.5)
e) Kuverenga. Arches inowanzoverengerwa pakufungidzira kuti axis yavo haina kukanganisa. Nekudaro, elastic deformations inogona kuve yakakura. Mune yakamiswa tension mhinduro, static uwandu haachinje zvakanyanya nekuda kwedeformation, nepo deformation mumatanho akatwasuka uye Langer matanda anogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pane static huwandu.
Fig.5- Frame mabhiriji
Suspension mabhiriji
Lattice kuturika mabhiriji, ayo ari muzvarirwo akaoma, haawanzo vakwa. Mabhiriji ekumisikidza emazuva ano ane danda rinoomesa, rinoganhura uye rinoenzana kukotama kubva kumasimba akasimba. Mabhiriji ekumisikidzwa ane mapanza makuru ndiro bhiriji riri pamusoro peGoridhe Gate pedyo neSan Francisco (Fig.6a) rudzi1280m, uye Washington Bridge pedyo neNew York (fig.6b) rudzi1067m.
Masimbi anoomesa simbi isimbi kana lattice, yekugara yakareba kana nekuwedzera kudiki kwehurefu pamusoro pezvitsigiso zvepakati. Chiyero chemuseve kune span inosarudzwa zvakanyanya muchiyero1/9ku1/11. Njodzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaratidza kuti pakudzika kwakadzika, kuoma kunogona kunge kwakaderera, kunyanya nehuremu hwakaderera uye hudiki hudiki hwebhiriji.
Fig.6- Mabhiriji ekumisikidzwa eAmerica: a) Bhiriji pamusoro peGoridhe Gedhi muSan Francisco (1937), b) Washington Bridge muNew York (1931), c) Florianopolis Bridge muBrasilia (1926)
Sprocket
a) Cheni dzakataurwa dzezvisungo zvine magumo akawedzerwa, ayo anorara zvakasununguka akaenzana kune mumwe nemumwe uye akatarisana pamajoini ane anopindirana kupindirana kwezvisungo kubva kuminda iri padyo, anogadzirwa nenzira mbiri - nekusimbisa riveted kubva kumalamellas kumagumo kana neakawedzera magumo anowanikwa nekugadzira (Fig.7) Cheni yebhiriji pamusoro peRhine yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakasimba nickel5,5ku6,5t/cm2. Mune madiki mabhiriji ekumisikidzwa eAmerica, cheni inogadzirwa kubva kune yakajairwa simbi yakakandwa, uye mune dzimwe nguva kubva kune alloy kana simbi yakaoma.
Fig.7- Florianopolis Bridge Chain
b) Spiral tambo tambo. Tambo dzakavharwa dzakagadzirwa netambo yakajeka. Matunhu emukati ewaya anodzivirirwa nekuputirwa nelead minium, ukuwo kunze kwewaya dzega dzega dzakaputirwa nerudziviriro.
Tambo dzewaya dzakatenderedzwa mumabhiriji ekuAmerica dzinosanganisira waya dzakawanda dzinopisa dzakaputirwa uye dzakaputirwa nenzira yakafanana.
Waya dzebhiriji dzinotonhora dzine simba rekutsemuka kubva 12 kusvika 20 t/cm2. Simba rekuneta rinogona kudzikiswa zvakanyanya kana kunze kwewaya dzinodhonzwa nechando kuri muhurombo.
Kurebesa kwetambo ye spiral kunoenderana nezvinhu zvewaya pamwe nenzira yekugadzira tambo. Elastic yekuwedzera munzvimbo yezvakajairwa zvinotenderwa kushushikana kunosvika 0,003 kusvika 0,004. Sezvo tambo dzisingagumi, plastiki yakatambanudzwa ne 0,001 panguva yekutakura kwekutanga, dzimwe nguva vasati vashandisa tambo dzinogara dzakatakurwa nesimba guru uye nokudaro dzakatambanudzwa. Kubatsira kwekutambanudza uku kunogumira, sezvo chikamu chakakosha che “permanent stretch” chinorasika mushure mekusunungura tambo panguva yekuwedzerwa kuiswa.
Historical units, mazita esimbi, machira ekudzivirira, simba, mawedzero uye nzira dzekugadzira kana kudira misoro yetambo hazvisi zvemazuva ano. Mamiriro emaketani aripo, tambo, anchors, misoro yetambo uye machira ekudzivirira anotsanangurwa nemagwaro, kuongorora uye kuongororwa; hazvigone kutorwa kubva pane izvi zvinyorwa.
Anchoring
Maketani akagadzirwa nezvinyorwa anosungirirwa achishandisa mapulagi muzvitsigiso akaiswa kongiri munheyo dzekubatirira.
Tambo dzespiral dzine misoro inoenderana kumigumo (fig.8) umo mawaya asina kusungirirwa muchimiro chemutsvairo, uye mushure mekuchenesa anozadzwa nesimbi chena. Misoro yakakandwa ine hunyanzvi ine simba rakafanana netambo.
Fig.8- Misoro yetambo: a) musoro uri nyore, b) Musoro weAmerica, c) Rhine bhiriji musoro
Kumiswa uye tambo dzetambo
Hanger dzakagadzirwa nesimbi yakatenderera, kunyanya yepombi kana tambo dzewaya (fig.9uye11) Kana iri tambo dzakavharwa, tambo dzetambo dzakafukidzwa netambo tambo (fig.10) Panyaya yezviputi zvetambo zvakasiyana, kumiswa kwakagadzirwa nenzira yekuti tambo dzega dzinogona kutsiviwa nemitsva kana zvichidikanwa. Midziyo yetambo inosungirirwa nemisoro yetambo, uye misiyano midiki pakureba yakaenzana neshim.
*Fig.9- Kumiswa, bhiriji rekare pamusoro peRhine *
*Fig.10- Cable zvisungo zvebhiriji pamusoro peRhine: a) bhiriji idzva, b) bhiriji rekare *
Fig.11- Cable tie uye tambo dzehanger
Towers (pylons)
Shongwe dzemabhiriji akamiswa dzakasungirirwa pazasi, kana kuti dzinogona kusungirirwa, zvinova zvakanyanya kuitika muAmerica. Cheni yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune shongwe. Rutsigiro runofambiswa runodiwa chete kana shongwe dzisingagone kupihwa masimba akatwasuka, izvo zvaizoitika neasingafambi anotsigira.
Kune mabhiriji makuru ekumisa, shongwe dzakaderera dzakasungirirwa dzinosarudzwa. Muchiitiko ichocho, shongwe dzinogona kuiswa pakutanga, ipapo maketani uye hangers, uye pakupedzisira matanda ekuomesa. Mumabhiriji ekumisikidza ega-anchored, scaffolding yakakura inodiwa sezvo iyo static system inongotanga kuita kana danda rekuomesa ravharwa.
Matsigiro emugwagwa uye bhodhi remugwagwa
Nezvekufambiswa kwemotokari uye kugadzirisa, tinofanira kuedza kuona kuti nzira yebhiriji haina kusiyana, kana zvichibvira, kubva panzira yepanobatana mugwagwa kana njanji. Sezvo pavement pachayo isina kuomarara kwakakwana kwayo, inofanirwa kuvimba nehurongwa hwepamusoro munzira yakatwasuka, pamwe nehurongwa hunoupa nehorizontal lateral rutsigiro. Iyo inodaidzwa kuti track board inozorora pa_track girders_, iyo inonyanya kuve nerengitudinal uye transverse girders.
Transverse inotsigira
Cross girders kuendesa mitoro inofamba kune magirders makuru. Izvo zvakare chikamu chakakosha chekubatana. Transverse girders anorara zvakananga pamagirders makuru uye kana ari akarerekera mabhiriji, saka span yavo yakaenzana nepakati pemagidhi makuru. Zvitsigiso zvakachinjika zvinowanzova simbi yepepa, yehurefu hupfupi uye zvitsigiro zvakajairika. Zvinobatsira kuti kureba kwavo kuwanda1/6ku1/8span, kunyangwe kana iri mabhiriji makuru uye chinhambwe chidiki pakati pemagidhi akachinjika (kunyanya kana iri bhodhi rekufamba), kureba uku kunogona1/20range.
Sezvo mutemo, zvitsigiro zvakachinjika zvinoonekwa sematanda akareruka, ayo akanyatsobatanidzwa kune makuru anotsigiro, kuitira kuti mumuchinjiko-chikamu chebhiriji, akavhurika kana akavharika mafuremu anogadzirwa. Nekuda kweizvi, nguva dzepinching dzinoitika, izvo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kunyanya nekubatanidza.
Fig.12- Crossbar connection
Kana iyo nzira yakadzika pasi, chinongedzo chinogadzirwa nemakona ekubatanidza akareruka, kana mahwendefa emugwagwa, anoiswa munhengo yemuchinjikwa (fig.12), kana mu verticals yeI-chikamu, uye panzvimbo yembabvu dzavo (fig.13) Mhinduro mufig.14yakanyanya kuomarara, sezvo ipapo pepa re cantilever rakaiswa mukati mese mutsigiro wakachinjika uye mu vertical, kuitira kuti nguva iri pakona inogamuchirwa nemabhaudhi eshear. Nedzimwe mhinduro, hazvigone kudziviswa kuti screws kubvarura zvishoma uye kuti makona ekubatanidza akakotama. Kubatanidza maererano ne fig.12uye13vakaremara zvakanyanya pasi pesimba renguva yacho pane izvo zvinoenderana nemaonde.14. Mhinduro dzakafanana dzinomuka kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepavement. Kuisa zvitsigiso zvakachinjika pazvitsigiso zvikuru zvinogoneka chete nehurefu hwakakwana hwechimiro. Ipapo pepa resimbi tsigiro huru dzinofanirwa kuomeswa munzvimbo dzinoiswa mutoro.
*Fig.13uye14- Kusiyana kwekubatana kweiyo crossbar *
Longitudinal inotsigira
Longitudinal inotsigira inogona kunge iri pasi pemugwagwa uye pasi pevanofamba netsoka. Girder rekunze, iro rinowanzobatanidzwa kune bhiriji railing, rinonzi edge longitudinal girder. Longitudinal inotsigira inogadzirwa neyakakungurutswa uye sheet simbi zvinotsigira. Kuwanda kwavo kunosvika12 m. Sezvo matanda ehurefu anoratidzwa kune zvakanyanya kupesvedzera kwemutoro unofamba, kuomarara kwavo kunopesana nekukotama kunonyanya kukosha. Panyaya yemabhiriji enjanji, kureba kwegirder kunotarirwa1/8ku1/10range. Longitudinal inotsigira yakagadzirwa nesimbi yemhando yepamusoro kazhinji haina kukodzera nekuda kwekukotama kwepamusoro. Mumabhiriji akawanda akare, kubatanidzwa kwemagidhi erefu akaitwa maererano neonde.15. Imwe yekubatanidza kona iri pakati pemakumbo erutsigiro rwakakungurutswa, nepo imwe ichizorora pahurefu hwese hwemuchinjikwa. Nemhando idzi dzekubatanidza, kushushikana kwakanyanya kwechipiri kunoitika, uye muzviitiko zvakawanda, kupera kwekuneta kwakaitika navo, pamwe nekutsemuka painochekwa gumbo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kubatanidza kwakadaro hakubvumirwi pamabhiriji enjanji. Kana kucheka gumbo hakugoni kudziviswa, kucheka uku kunofanira kuitwa nehombe huru, kuitira kuti usapinda mungozi yekuputika.
*Fig.15- Longitudinal rutsigiro kubatana *
Drainage
Kunyanya kukoshesa kunofanira kubhadharwa kumvura yemabhiriji. Kukurumidza uye kwakakwana kwemvura yemvura ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yehupenyu hurefu hwemugwagwa, pamwe chete nebhiriji pacharo. Pamusoro pekuwedzera ngura uye kuwedzera mari yekugadzirisa, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mvura dzine njodzi zvakare nekuda kwekukuvara kwechando. Kana iyo nhanho yebhiriji ichiibvumira, mabhiriji emigwagwa anofanira kunge aine imwe nguva yakareba inodonha (kwete pasi pe1%), iyo yaizoita kuti mvura iende kune singi yoga. Mvura yakasvibiswa nemafuta neguruva inobviswa kuburikidza nemagetsi. Aya magata anofanirwa kuve akakwana longitudinal kudonha uye anofanirwa kuwanikwa, kuitira kuti agare achicheneswa.
*Fig.16- Drainage uye mativi ekudzivirira emumugwagwa *
Asphalt pavements haigone kunyura zvachose. Yakakosha insulation pasi peasphalt inogona kupihwa kana asphalt yakarara pane kongiri slab yakazunguzwa, uye iyo slab pachayo haipindike. Kana iyo nzira isingapindiki zvakakwana, kuitira kuti chikamu chemvura inoputika ichiputika, kuvhara kunofanira kupiwa. Kumabhiriji esimbi, machira easphalt bhitumene kana terra zvichingodaro, insulating layers ye bituminous insulating mass ane yakasimba kuiswa kwebepa rine mvere dzemakwai kana kurukwa nejuti, pamwe ne insulating layers yesimbi foils yemhangura kana aluminium inotariswa. Insulation layers inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kubva pakukuvadzwa kwemuchina nekudzivirira.
Tsananguro dzekudonha, magita, asphalt, kongiri slabs, bituminous mass, kunzwa, jute uye simbi foils ndezvenhoroondo. Mvura yemazuva ano, kudzivirira mvura, kuchengetedzwa kwesimbi, ruzivo rwekupinda uye kugadzirisa zvakagadzirirwa segadziriro yakarongeka maererano nemitemo yazvino, mamiriro ekunze, motokari uye kuvaka chaiko.
Fig.17- Tsanangudzo yemvura pamucheto webhiriji
Conjunctions
Mashizha esimbi magidhi ane zvishoma kuomarara mugwara perpendicular kune ndege girders, grids ane anofungidzirwa majoini ari nodes kunyange akawanda kufambiswa munzira inochinjika. Naizvozvo, mabhureshi emhepo nemafuremu emuchinjiko anodiwa kugadzira zvimiro zvakagadzikana zvemunzvimbo kutanga. Uyezve, ivo vanofanirwa kugashira mitoro inoshanda zvakachinjika kune iyo ndege yezvitsigiro zvikuru, uye pakupedzisira kuve nechokwadi chekuvakwa kunopesana nekuputira uye kupidigura.
Spruces kurwisa mhepo
Aya mabatanidzi ane dimensional kuti agamuchire masimba kubva kumhepo uye nemimwe mitoro yakachinjika. Izvo zvinosanganisira grids kana furemu zvinotsigira, zvakatwasuka kana zvakakombama zvinoenderana nemabhandi. Mabhanhire ekubatanidza kurwisana nemhepo anowanzoitawo mabhanhire ezvitsigiro zvikuru. Kazhinji tsigiro dzakachinjika ndiwo zvakare ma verticals ekubatanidza kunopesana nemhepo.
Kuremerwa nemhepo kushoma kunofungidzirwa kune zambuko rakatakurwa pane zambuko risina kutakurwa. Kana chikamu chemuchinjikwa chichibvumira, mabhiriji e-truss anonyanya kuva nemakumbo maviri emhepo pakati pemabhanhire emagidhi makuru. Ona masisitimu sketches mufig.18umo kusungirirwa kwemhepo uye kusungirirwa kwemuchinjiko kunoratidzwa nemitsara yakatsetseka.
Nhamba uye rudzi rwemabatanidza akachinjika anofanira kunge akakwana kugadzira hurongwa hwakaoma. Zvakajairika kuti magridi ave nechokwadi chekugadzikana munyaya yezvibatanidzwa zvebhora zvakare. Zviteshi uye matanda eGerber, kunze kwemabhiriji madiki, akaomeswa nekubatana kwakakosha kunopesana nemhepo uye nekupokana. Pazvisungo zvezvitsigiro zvikuru, zvisungo zvinofanira kuitwa nenzira yokuti hazvikanganisi kuita kwezvisungo, fig.18e.
Fig.18- Kurongeka kwekubatana nemhepo
Mapuranga akakura epavement akagadzirwa nepepa resimbi kana kongiri yakasimbiswa akasimba kwazvo mundege dzavo. Kana mapani asina kukura zvakanyanya, kusungirirwa kwakakosha kunopesana nemhepo kunogona kusiiwa, sezvo basa rakakodzera rinogona kutorwa nebhodhi repavement. Chete panguva yekuungana panofanirwa kutorwa matanho ekupinza masimba anochinjika.
Paunosarudza kuzadza, inofanira kurangarirwa kuti kazhinji masimba mumatanda maduku uye kureba kwekukotama kwematanda makuru. Naizvozvo machira ane hurefu hwetsvimbo (eg K-system kana rhombic system) anodiwa. Dzimwe nguva, iyo anti-mhepo coupling inoturikwa panzira inotsigira kuitira kudzikisa kureba kwekukotama. Nekubatanidzwa pamusoro pevhu, iyo rhombic system isina verticals inowanzoshandiswa.
Nzvimbo yakakwirira yekubatanidza kumhepo inotariswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ezvinhu (fig.19) Kana zvichibvira, eccentric yekubatanidza inodziviswa pano zvakare. kunyanya nemasimba makuru, uye kubatanidza kurwisana nemhepo kunogadzirirwa nenzira iyo shafts yematanda inopindirana mundege dzezvitsigiso zvikuru (fig.20)
*Fig.19-Kureba chinzvimbo cheanopesana nemhepo clutch *
Fig.20- Windward Coupling Knot
Muchinjika mafuremu
Mabhiriji ane mugwagwa wengoro pamusoro anogona kuomeswa nemafuremu eretisi akareruka zvichienderana nemaonde.22. Transverse couplings muchimiro chefuremu inogona kubatanidzwa kune main stiffeners of sheet metal matanda. Mumuonde.21mitsetse mizhinji yakaiswa pamusoro tension furemu pamajoini maviri, i.e. pamusoro Grill pasi muchinjikwa nhengo, kuitira kuti vari svikika kubva pakati kuongorora nzira.
*Fig.21- Transverse furemu uye kutungamira kwekuisa *
Fig.22- Lattice cross-frame
Kune mabhiriji ane mugwagwa pazasi, chimiro chemafuremu akachinjika anotarwa neiyo yemahara profiles yekupfuura kwemotokari. Mabhiriji ane lattice transverse mafuremu anoratidzwa mufig.23d. Transverse mafuremu anogovera mutoro (fig.24) inodiwa pagrill kuitira kuti ubatanidze kubatirana kwezvitsigiro zvese zvakakosha kunyangwe kune chikamu chemutoro. Kana iri bhiriji renjanji rine njanji yakakomberedzwa kana kana magidhi makuru ari mugonhi, izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa panguva yekuverengera kuverengeka kwekubatana.
Fig.23- Mienzaniso yeachinjika couplings uye makuru anotsigira
Fig.24- Muchinjikwa-chikamu uye muchinjiko-danda rekugovera mutoro pabhiriji pamusoro peRuhr padhuze neHerdecke
Kubatana kunopesana nemhedzisiro
Pakati pemagidhi echitima echitima mabhiriji (fig.23c) zvinodikanwa kupa yakakosha coupling yekugamuchira mativi emota. I-longitudinal girders zvine mwero zvishoma zvakanyanya kuomarara munzira yakachinjika, saka zvinoshuvirwa kuti kubatanidza kunopesana nezvinokonzeresa kunowedzera kuchengetedzeka kwavo kurwisa lateral buckling (Fig.25)
Fig. 25 - Kubatana kunopesana nezvinokonzeresa
Anti-braking clutch
Transverse girders haikwanisi kugamuchira masimba anobata munzvimbo yakareba yebhiriji uye anoitika pakuputika kana kutanga kutyaira motokari, uye vanofanira kusunungurwa nekuisa anti-braking couplings. Iwo ma lattice flat anotsigira (fig. 26) anobatanidza longitudinal tsigiro nekubatana kunopesana nemhepo (fig. 27). Kazhinji pane musiyano wehurefu pakati pemutakuri nekubatanidza. Uye mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kureba kwezvitsigiro kunogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga ne-anti-mhepo coupling, yakakosha ye-anti-braking coupling inodiwa, sezvo matanda anozadza anti-mhepo coupling haakwanisi kugashira mutoro wakakosha wekukotama. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inogona kusanganiswa kuita imwe chete inopokana nemhepo nzira yakabatana, anti-side impact coupling uye anti-braking coupling.
Fig.26-Anti-braking clutch system
*Fig.27- Anti-braking clutch *