Makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira (zozungulira)

Chenjezo Lofunika: Ili ndi zolemba zakale, osati makina amakono, kuunika kwachiwopsezo kapena buku lodulira. Mitundu ya makina, mawonekedwe, kukula kwa tsamba, mbiri ya dzino, kuthamanga, kunola, kufalikira ndi kusintha ziyenera kuyang’aniridwa motsutsana ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito, zolemba za opanga ndi malamulo otetezeka a ntchito.

Mawuwa siwopereka makina, mapepala oyesera kapena zolemba zantchito za Savo Kusić. Kupereka kwapano kumangoyang’ana mazenera, zitseko ndi mayankho ogwirizana.

Cholinga ndi mitundu ya macheka ozungulira

Makina a macheka ozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula mitengo yopingasa kukhala matabwa ndi matabwa, podula matabwa motalika, modutsa kapena mwama diagonal molingana ndi miyeso yodziwika. Makina ocheka ozungulira amagwiritsidwa ntchito podula matabwa mopingasa m’ma matabwa ndi matabwa, podula matabwa motalika, modutsa kapena mwadiagonal molingana ndi miyeso yodziwika.

Molingana ndi izi, makina ozungulira ozungulira amatha kugawidwa m’magulu akuluakulu awa: makina ozungulira ocheka zipika; makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira odula matabwa; makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira odula matabwa okhuthala kukhala owonda: makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira odula; makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira ocheka motalika, mopingasa ndi m’madiagonal (padziko lonse).

Zomwe zimadulidwa zimatha kudyetsedwa pamakina pamanja kapena pamakina. Kuyika kwamakina mu makina kumatha kukhala ndi zodzigudubuza, zodzigudubuza ndi ma disc, ndikutsatiridwa. Kuyika kotsatiridwa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa imatsimikizira kulondola, chitetezo ndi chitetezo pamakina (mkuyu.1).

Chithunzi 1: Makina Ocheka a Chain Drive Circular Saw for Longitudinal Cutting

Makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira amatha kukhala ndi macheka amodzi, awiri kapena kuposerapo.

Makhalidwe aukadaulo amitundu yodziwika bwino ya makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira amaperekedwa patebulo 1. Pakudula matabwa m’malo omanga akumidzi, chozungulira cha pendulum chamtundu 4 - KM, chomwe chimaperekedwa mkuyu. 2. Ndiosavuta kuyigwira, imabala zipatso zambiri ndipo imapereka upangiri wabwino kwambiri wodula.

Pendulum ndi macheka ozungulira konsekonse

Chithunzi2: Pendulum cross-cutting saw

Table1: Makhalidwe aukadaulo amitundu yodziwika bwino yamakina ozungulira

M’magawo ang’onoang’ono opangira matabwa komanso momwe amapangira kumidzi, makina amtundu wa C amagwiritsidwa ntchito -2Mndi CU-2kwa kudula kotalika komanso kopingasa kwa zida. Ndi makina amtunduwu, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatabwa zimatha kudulidwa pamakona. Mu mkuyu.3makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira okhala ndi chakudya chodziwikiratu chodulira nthawi yayitali amaperekedwa.

Chithunzi3: Zozungulira za kudula kotalika ndi chakudya chamakina 

Mawerengedwe a mbiri ya zokolola

Kupanga kwa pendulum saw pakusintha kumodzi mu zidutswa zopangidwa kungadziwike ndi formula P =480 Kg(n - m), pomwe P ndi chiwerengero cha steaks pa shift imodzi; n - chiwerengero cha mabala pamphindi; m - zowonjezera mabala kwa kusalaza mphumi ndi kudula opanda chilema malo. Pamene chiwerengero cha mabala ndi mpaka7pamphindi, m imatengedwa kukhala yofanana1-2, ndipo pamene chiwerengero cha mabala chikuchokera8-12pamphindi, m imatengedwa ngati yofanana2ku8; Kg - Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tsiku logwira ntchito, lomwe limaganizira zosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwa makina, nthawi yoti ogwira ntchito apume, nthawi yokonza makina, ndi zina zotero. Kwa makina okhala ndi chakudya chamanja, Kg imatengedwa pafupifupi0,93. 

Kupanga kwa makina okhala ndi macheka ozungulira mzidutswa za zinthu zopangidwa mosinthana kungadziwike molingana ndi chilinganizo: P =480ndi Kd Kst/ Lm, pomwe P - zokolola mu zidutswa zopangidwa panthawi imodzi; i - liwiro la kusamuka; Kd-chiwerengero chogwiritsa ntchito tsiku limodzi chomwe chili chofanana0,9; Kst - coefficient of magwiritsidwe makina, omwe ndi ofanana0,6; L - kutalika kwa zinthu, m; m - pafupifupi chiwerengero cha mabala kwa chinthu chimodzi.

Mapepala ndi mbiri ya mano

Masamba a macheka ozungulira amagawidwa kukhala lathyathyathya, lambiri-cone, lamanja, lamanzere ndi macheka a planing malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo.

Zozungulira zozungulira za macheka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula matabwa motalika komanso modutsa. Miyeso yawo imaperekedwa patebulo.2.

Table2: Makulidwe a masamba ozungulira athyathyathya odula mitengo yayitali komanso yopingasa

Mabowo a macheke a shaft ndi: 20, 80, 40, 50, 75 ndi 85 mm. Macheka amapangidwa ndi 89 chitsulo chamtundu. Mbiri ndi makulidwe a mano a masamba a macheka ozungulira ozungulira amitengo yotalika komanso yodutsa amaperekedwa mkuyu. 4. Mu tebulo. 3 ndi makulidwe a makona a masamba a mano athyathyathya a macheka ozungulira. Kutalika kwa dzino la macheka ndi utali wozungulira wa ngodya yamkati zimatsimikiziridwa kuchokera kumagulu otsatirawa: Pankhani ya macheka, kudula kwautali h = (0,4 / 0,5)t; Mumacheka odulidwa h = (0,6 / 0,9)t; Kwa macheka odula motalika komanso modutsa h = (0,1 / 0,15)t.

Chithunzi40: Mbiri I - IV ndi makulidwe a mano a masamba ozungulira ozungulira

Njira zokonzetsera zakale ndikusintha

Zozungulira macheka masamba akuthwa pa wapadera basi macheka kunola makina, kumene mbiri kapena kukula kwa kudula ngodya, kunola, kapena mkati ndi kunja ngodya kusintha. Kudula kwa mano atsopano kumachitidwa ndi makina apadera okhomerera ndi mutu woyenera. Kuwongolera mbiri ya mano ndi kukula kwa zinthu zangodya kumachitidwa ndi ma templates apadera ndi ma protractors. 

M’malo monola mano a gutter, macheka ozungulira ndi gulu, chifukwa cha kudula kwautali, kuponderezana kwawo nthawi zina kumachitika, komwe kumaphatikizapo kukulitsa kutsogolo kwa mano. Ubwino wa psinjika pa flaring ndi chakuti kukula kwa flaring sikusintha pa ntchito, kudula mphamvu amachita symmetrically pa dzino, ndipo mulu wa makulidwe ofanana amachotsedwa. Pa m’lifupi lonse la odulidwa, phula la dzino likhoza kuwonjezeka ndi30-40%, popanda kuchepetsa khalidwe lodula.

Panthawi yodula, ma voltages a kukula kosiyana ndi malangizo amawonekera mu tsamba la macheka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotupa m’malo ofooka, etc. Tsamba la macheka lisanakhazikitsidwe pamakina a makina, liyenera kumenyedwera mosavuta, lomwe limathetsa zovuta zomwe zachitika mmenemo. Pachifukwa ichi, chotchinga, tebulo loyang’anira macheka, nyundo, olamulira, olamulira kuti awone momwe akuyendera, ndi zina.

Kufalitsa mano kumachitika ndi zofalitsa. Kukula kwa kufalikira nthawi zambiri kumatengedwa 0,6 ku 0,75 mm kwa mbali imodzi, mosasamala kanthu za makulidwe a macheka, koma poganizira mtundu ndi chinyezi cha nkhuni. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m’mitengo, m’pamenenso macheka amakulirakulira. Kukula kwa kufalikira kwa mano ocheka kumayendetsedwa ndi ma template apadera.

Kuyika tsamba la macheka pa shaft yamakina kuyenera kuchitika mukakumana ndi zotsatirazi. Kulumikizana pamwamba pa mbali mbale za macheka ayenera mosamalitsa perpendicular kutsinde yozungulira. Pakati pa tsamba la macheka liyenera kugwirizana ndi pakati pa shaft. Kukonzekera kwa tsamba la macheka pogwiritsa ntchito mbale zam’mbali ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka. Mpeni wogawikana uyenera kuyimitsidwa molunjika ku macheka. Maupangiri ndi zoyika mu kagawo ka tebulo ziyenera kusinthidwa ndendende molingana ndi macheka. Kusiyana kovomerezeka pakati pa macheka ndi shaft sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 0,2 mm. Ngati izi sizinakwaniritsidwe, zodulidwa zotsika kwambiri zimapezeka ndipo nthawi zina makina amalephera.