Important Warning: This is a historical archive text, not a current machine specification, production capacity calculation, risk assessment or operating manual. Models, formulas, coefficients, dimensions, powers, speeds, cutting accessories and protective measures must be checked according to valid regulations, manufacturer’s documentation and actual production conditions.
This text is not an offer of machines or tools of Savo Kusić. The current offer is focused on windows, doors and related solutions.
Combined parquet machine
A combined parquet machine and a parquet leveling machine are used for the production of parquet.
The combined parquet machine is intended for four-sided processing of parquet boards. It consists of a body, a table, two horizontal and two vertical heads with knives, which are placed directly on the shafts of the electric motor, which are fixed on movable supports, a chain conveyor that serves to move the material, a loading bunker, protective bumpers, which at the same time serve as receivers for suction devices. The machine for making parquet brand PARK - 1 (fig. 1) has the following technical characteristics:
- Width of processed material from 35 to 120 mm
- Thickness of processed material from 10 to 20 mm
- Material movement speed 6,0; 9,0; 12,0; 18,0 m/min
- Number of revolutions of heads with knives 3000 rpm
- Diameter of heads with knives 180 mm
- Length of knives 160 mm
- Cutter diameter 180 mm
- Milling width 20 mm
- Number of three-phase electric motor for heads with knives 4
- Electric motor power 2,2 kW
- Number of electric motors for moving materials 4
- The strength of these electric motors 1,3; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 kW
- Number of revolutions of the electric motor per minute 500; 750; 1000; 1500.
Image 1: Machine for making parquet boards PARK - 1
Parquet leveling machine
The parquet leveling machine is intended for leveling the fronts of parquet planks on two sides and simultaneously creating tongues and grooves on them. Parquet boards prepared for face leveling are placed in a special bunker, from where they arrive on the conveyor belt, and then their faces are leveled on two circular saws on horizontal shafts, which are also electric motor shafts. Then the parquet boards come under the saws mounted on the shafts of the vertical electric motors, where the groove is made. This machine consists of a body, a stationary and a movable support, on which there are 4 electric motors, which drive the cutting accessories, a conveyor belt for moving the material, an electric motor that moves this belt and an electric motor for starting the support. Parquet equalizer machine PARK-2 (fig. 2) has the following technical characteristics:
- Maximum thickness of material to be processed 45 mm
- Maximum width of material to be processed 120 mm
- Length of material to be processed from 165 to 1000 mm
- Number of revolutions of cutting heads 2900 rpm
- Material movement speed 5,0; 7,5; 10,0; 15,0 m/min
- Power of the three-phase electric motor of the cutting heads per 2,2 kW
- Power of the electric motor for moving the material 0,7 and 1,2 kW
- Diameter of saws that cut the faces 350 mm
- Diameter of saws that make grooves 200 mm
Image 2: Parquet machine PARK - 2
Grinders for smoothing surfaces are used when boards need to be varnished with transparent coatings (oak and beech doors, boards with precious wood veneer).
Historical patterns for productivity
The approximate productivity of machines during one shift can be determined according to the following patterns:
For grouting planers: P = 480 and Kd Kst / Lm, where P is the productivity of the machine in pieces of elements during one shift; i - material movement speed, m/min; Kd - coefficient of utilization of the working day for machines with manual movement of material, which is 0,9 - 0,93; Kst - coefficient of utilization of the machine when the length of the elements is up to 0,5 m — 0,7; for elements up to 1 m is 0,7 to 0,8; for elements up to 2 m is 0,8 to 0,9; L - length of elements; m - average number of passes of elements during grouting.
For planers for processing wide sides: P = 480ifmKdKst / L, where P - productivity of the machine in pieces of elements during one shift; i - material movement speed, m/min; f - slip coefficient, 0,9 - 0,92; m - the number of elements that pass through the machine at the same time; Kd - working day utilization coefficient, which is 0,9; Kst - coefficient of utilization of the machine which is 0,9; L - element length, m. For four-sided planers: P = 480ifKdKst / L. Markings and sizes are the same as for planers for processing wide sides.
For milling machines: P = 480 and Kd Kst / L, where P - productivity during one shift, pieces of elements; i - material movement speed, m/min; Kd- working day utilization coefficient, 0,9 to 0,98; Kst - coefficient of utilization of the machine 0,5 to 0,8 when processing according to the template; L - milling length of elements, cm.
For a milling machine for plugging and slotting (with manual movement of material).
P = 480 im Kd Kst / j L, where P - productivity during one shift, pieces of elements; i - material movement speed, m/min; m - number of elements that are processed simultaneously; j - number of faces on which the cap is made; L - length of working travel of the train, m; Kd- coefficient of utilization of the machine which is 0,5 - 0,6; Kst- coefficient of utilization of the machine, amounts to 0,5 - 0,6.
Flat knives with a straight blade for woodworking on planers and routers are made in three types:
Knives and rotating heads
I type - thin without slots (fig. 3, a), II and III types - thick with slots for tensioning screws (fig. 3, b).
Image 3: Flat planing knives
Cutting accessories of milling machines are knives and rotating heads. The knives have an opening for mounting on the spindle of the lathe, and the rotating heads have a taper on the lower part that is placed on a special support or support shaft to which they are attached with nuts.
Knives are divided into cylindrical ones, those for grooving and those for shaping, where the knives can be replaced. Rotary heads are divided into heads with pre-cutter and without pre-cutter. Heads without pre-cutter are mostly used. The number of knives when moving the material manually, which is processed at a speed of 6 - 8 m/min, should be from 2 to 5.
Milling cutters with multiple knives are suitable for high productivity lathes with mechanical movement of material. Milling machines are very often made in the mechanical workshops of the woodworking companies themselves.