Umsebenzi wetshizili
Iintlobo zetshizi kunye nendawo yeblade
Ngaphandle kokusebenza ngetshizi, ukuphumelela ekhaya akunakukwenziwa ngokupheleleyo. Amalungu eefenitshala zefenitshala usebenzisa i-slots kunye neeplagi, ukufaka izitshixo, ukulungelelanisa iintambo zomnyango akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwe-chisel.
Kumsebenzi womndilili weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeetshizili kuyimfuneko ukuba ibe malunga nesithathu okanye ezine. Iitshizi ezineeprofayile ezintsonkothileyo (ezityebileyo, ezimile okwesiqingatha senyanga, njl. njl.) zisetyenziswa ngabaqingqi kunye nabachweli ukwenza ifenitshala enesitayile.
Incakuba yetshizi yenziwe ngentsimbi, umqheba kunye nehamile esetyenzisiweyo ukuyibetha yenziwe ngamaplanga. Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yetshizi yiblade, edla ngokuba kwi-engile ye-25° (umfanekiso 1, inxalenye 1).
Ezona zitshixo zisetyenziswayo zezi:
- itshizisi ecaba enecandelo loxande;
- itshizisi ecaba enencam ezibevelejiweyo;
- itshizi yokuchwela;
- itshiseli ende yokuvula.
Isiphatho setshizisi kufuneka sixhotyiswe ngentsimbi yentsimbi egquma indawo engaphezulu ecuthene kancinane ukuze isiphatho singadumi xa sibethwe ngehamile yeplanga.
Incakuba yetshiseli ithe tye (kuphela kwitshizili enomngxuma eboshiweyo) kwaye kufuneka ibanjwe kwinqwelomoya yokusika. Indawo ebharhileyo yetshiseli kufuneka ijongane nenxalenye yomthi esikwayo, ilahlwe ngaphandle (umkhiwane 1, inxalenye 2–5).
*Umfanekiso1— Isikhundla sencakuba kunye nokulandelelana komsebenzi kunye netshizi.
Ukwenza imingxuma kunye nokugcina itshizili
Xa usebenza nge-chisel, qwalasela ulwalathiso lwenkozo yokhuni, kuba ngokubetha okunamandla, ukhuni lunokuqhekeka kwicala lengqolowa. (ikhiwane.1, inxalenye6,7).
Xa sifuna ukusika ikhefu leplagi ngetshizili, kufuneka siqale sinqumle indawo eqhelekileyo ukuya kwicala lefiber kwaye ke kuphela indawo ehambelana nefiber (umkhiwane.1, inxalenye2,2/a, 3,3/a). Kufuneka siqale sibeke izinto kwindawo eqinileyo ukuze siphephe ukungcangcazela ngexesha lomsebenzi, siyibambe ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwinxalenye eza kunqunyulwa, nokuba kufuneka sihambise izinto ngexesha lomsebenzi. Xa usebenza, i-chisel kufuneka ibanjwe ngokuqinileyo, kungekhona ngenxalenye yentsimbi, kodwa ngesibambo ngeminwe yakho ngeenxa zonke.
Itshizili ende emxinwa ingasetyenziselwa ukusika imingxuma enzulu yesikweri yeplagi. Ukuba iplagi idinga ukudlula kwizinto eziphathekayo ke kungcono ukugrumba umngxuma kumacala omabini ngokutshintshanayo. Ubunzulu bokusika buya kuba buncinci kumacala omabini.
Itshizili engangesetyhula isetyenziselwa ukusika izimbobo ezisangqa nokususa iincam ezibukhali zomthi.
Ingxenye ye-chisel ejongene ne-blade ibonakaliswe kwaye i-square-shaped, kwaye isetyenziselwa “ukufakelwa” kwisibambo. Eyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo apho itshiseli zophuka khona yindawo ecikiziweyo phantsi komqheba. Xa itshizili igqabhuka ngelo xesha, iba yinto engasebenzisekiyo kumsebenzi oqhubekayo. Ukuba i-chisel handle ayiphumelelanga, inokutshintshwa lula. Ukuba umonakalo wenzeka kwincakuba, inokuphinda ilolwe ngokusila.
Isiphatho sihlengahlengiswa ngendlela yokuba okokuqala itshizi icinezelwe kwisibambo esinesiphelo esicacileyo, emva koko ibambe isiphatho kwaye, siyibambe emoyeni, sibethe inxalenye ephumayo yesibambo ngehamile izihlandlo ezininzi.
Ukubhola
Isixhobo sokubhola kunye nokulungiselela
Kufuneka uyazi ukuqhuba! Phezulu, ukubhola kubonakala njengomsebenzi olula ekusebenzeni kwemithi, kodwa ekusebenzeni kuphela ukuba unezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Esona sixhobo sibalulekileyo sokugrumba imingxuma kwizikrufu kunye nezikhonkwane kukubhobhoza inaliti. Ukugrumba imingxunya emikhulu nako kufuna uqheliso, njengoko ukusebenza ngeenaliti ezinkulu okanye ii-twist drills kufuna uqheliselo oluthile (umfanekiso 2).
Umfanekiso 2 — Ukuqhuba ngesandla kunye neentlobo zamasuntswana okwenziwa komthi.
Ekubeni singenako ukuba nazo zonke izixhobo kwiworkshop yethu encinci, kungcono ukuba sinikezela nge-drill yesandla enye eyaziwa ngokuba yi “American”. Le drill inokusebenza kunye ne-twist kunye ne-twist drill encinci. Akudingi mzamo omkhulu wokusebenzisa isiphatho ngenxa yegiya, ngoko ke nongaziwayo unokuyisebenzisa. Masibeke i-plate yesiseko phantsi kwezinto esizibhobhozayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-drilling yenziwa ngesandla okanye enye i-drill (cinga ukuba i-drill ekugqibeleni iya kuhamba kwizinto eziphathekayo) kwaye ubambe yonke into ngokuqinileyo ukuze i-drill ingabambi izinto kwaye iqale ukuyijika.
Ngokwemba iinkuni, kufuneka usoloko ukhetha inani eliphantsi lohlaziyo. Ukuba sisebenza ngo-electric drill kwaye kwelona nani liphantsi lohlaziyo, ukomba kufuneka kuphazamiseke rhoqo 15-20 imizuzwana. Xa ukomba ngokukhawuleza, iinkuni zinokutshisa kangangokuba zitshintshe umbala zize zivuthe nomlilo. Isandi esibukhali, umsi okwimo yebhanti entle okanye ivumba lehlathi elivuthayo liyasilumkisa. Ukukhupha isuntswana kwizinto eziphathekayo ngamaxesha athile xa kusotywa akupholisi nje intwana kodwa kunceda ukukhupha iitshiphusi emngxunyeni. Itshiphu exinge emngxunyeni icutha kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokomba.
Phambi kokuba uqalise ukugrumba, indawo yokugrunjwa kufuneka ifakwe kancinci ngesikhonkwane okanye ngepunch yomngxuma. Oku kuyimfuneko ngakumbi kubaqalayo. Le recess yokuqala - ngokwemigaqo yobungcali, “kirner” - inceda ukususa i-drill bit ngexesha lokuguqulwa kwayo kokuqala. Makhe sinikele ingqalelo kwinto yokuba i-tip ye-drill drill ayinayo i-beveled kwicala elinye, kuba kuloo meko umngxuma uya kuba mkhulu kunokuba kulindelwe emva kokugaya.
Ukusika i-tile enkulu yesetyhula ukusuka kwizinto ezincinci kubizwa ngokuba yi-drilling, nangona luhlobo oluhluke ngokupheleleyo lokusebenza. Imela yomngxuma ehlengahlengiswayo isebenza njengesixhobo. Ukuze “uqhube” ngesi sixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqhube ngaphambili umgodi omncinci phakathi kwendawo yokusika kwaye ubeke incam yomese apho. Sibeka imela kumgama ofunekayo ngokobubanzi bomngxuma esifuna ukuwubamba. Ngoku sijika i-blade ngamaxesha amaninzi kwaye iqala ukuhamba njengenaliti kwirekhodi yegramophone, kodwa rhoqo kumgama ofanayo ukusuka kwiziko ukusika irekhodi (umfanekiso 3).
Ukugrumba imingxunya emikhulu neyimfama
Umfanekiso 3 — Ukusika ithayile ejikelezayo ngemela ehlengahlengiswayo.
Ukuba iinkuni kufuneka zingene ngexesha lokugaya, ukugaya kufuneka kuqalwe ebusweni bezinto eziphathekayo. Umngxuma kweli cala uhlala umhle, nokuba unencam ezibukhali ngelixa kwelinye icala i-drill bit ikrazula izinto njengoko ibhobhoza. Ukuba sigrumba umngxuma ojijwayo ngentloko ye-countersunk okanye eye-countersunk, ngoko ke kufuneka sisebenzise i-countersink drill ukuze sivule umngxuma ongentla womngxuma wentloko ye-screw. Ukuba asinalo isuntswana lokubhola lalonto, intwana yedrili ejiyileyo esincam sayo sayithoba ngaphambili kwi-engile enkulu iya kwenza. Umsebenzi wokugrumba kufuneka wenziwe ngononophelo ukuze ungangeni nzulu kwizinto eziphathekayo.
Ukuba umngxuma awudluli kwizinto eziphathekayo, ngoko kufuneka siqale siphawule i-drill bit, kwindawo apho sifuna ukuba ingene khona kwizinto eziphathekayo (umz. ngepensile enemibala, i-nail polish, njl.). Ngaloo ndlela akusayi kufuneka sisoloko sikhupha i-drill kwaye silinganise ubunzulu bomngxuma (umfanekiso 4).
Umfanekiso 4 — Ukumakishwa kwe-drill yokulawula ubunzulu bokomba.
Ukucwangcisa
Ukukhethwa kunye nokulola isicwangcisi
Ukuze ugweme ukucwangcisa, ukhetho lodwa kukuthenga izinto esele zicwangcisiwe. Ekubeni izinto ezinjalo azinakufumaneka rhoqo, kwaye kaninzi kufuneka siqhube imiphetho, kungcono ukuba sibe nomcwangcisi kwiworkshop yasekhaya. Sifuna iiplani ezintathu: enye yeyokurhaxa (iplani enkulu), enye yeyokucwangciswa kakuhle kunye neplani enye yegrooves. Kwezi zintathu, sinokushiya i-grater enkulu, ekubeni asiyi kunqabile ukuba sibe kwimeko yokucubungula iindawo ezinkulu, ezinqabileyo. Kwaye xa kufuneka siyenze, sinokusebenzisa i-grater yokucubungula kakuhle. Ewe, umsebenzi uza kuthatha ixesha elide.
Intliziyo yesicwangcisi simela esilolwe kakuhle (umkhiwane 5) esinencakuba ethe tye. I-engile yeblade yi 25°. Xa usebenza, imela kufuneka ikhuselwe ekubetheni into yentsimbi, umz. isikhonkwane esilityelweyo okanye i-shank yalo inokonakalisa i-blade kwaye iyenze ingasebenziseki. (Ukuba sibeka iplani kwingcibi kwaye ukuba ngenxa yokungakhathali kwethu isikhonkwane esifihliweyo okanye inxalenye ye-hardware isala kwizinto eziphathekayo, ixabiso lesarha okanye imela yokucwangcisa kufuneka ihlawulwe ngeqhekeza ngalinye).
Umfanekiso 5 — Imbonakalo yesicwangcisi kunye nokuma kweendawo zayo.
Incakuba yesicwangcisi kufuneka ilolwe kwilitye lokusila elikhulu kangangoko ukuze iblade ingabi nazibonda, o.k.t. ukuba ibonakale ingafumani ukungqukuva kwewhetstone. Xa silola, sinokusebenzisa isixhobo esincedisayo, esenziwe ngebhodi kwi-angle ye-25 °, apho sinokubamba imela yeplani ngexesha lokulola, kuba kunzima nakwingcibi enamava ukumisela i-angle ye-25°.
Emva kokulola imela kwiwhetstone engqukuva, kufuneka sigudise imiphetho yencakuba kwilitye lewhetstone elisicaba. Akufanele ilibale ukuba umsebenzi weplani kukunciphisa umphezulu webhodi ngobuhle ngokusemandleni, kwaye oku kunokwenziwa kuphela phantsi komqathango wokuba i-blade ifanelekile. Ilitye lokusila elisicaba linokufunyanwa kwiivenkile zehardware. Ukulola imela kwilitye elisicaba elimanzi kufuneka kwenziwe ngokurhuqa incakuba (njengemela eqhelekileyo) phezu kwelitye ngokujikeleza. Imiphetho ebukhali ye-blade kufuneka isuswe ngokusasaza ukuze bangashiyi amanqaku abukhali kwizinto eziphathekayo xa becwangcisa. Umntu oqalayo akufanele abe neentloni “ukuba” olu lwazi kwinkosi.
Ukulungelelanisa imela yesicwangcisi
I-blade yesicwangcisi igxininiswe ngentambo yokhuni ekuvuleni kweplani. Xa ulungisa, bamba imela kunye ne-wedge ngobhontsi wesandla sakho sasekhohlo. Ngeentsimbi ezincinci zesando, esizibambe ngesandla sasekunene, silungisa imela. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngokucokisekileyo ubambe i-grater emoyeni ngesundu kunye neminye iminwe yesandla sasekhohlo.
Imela kufuneka iphume kancinci ukusuka ezantsi kwesicwangcisi, kwaye iblade kufuneka igungxulwe ngomzantsi wesicwangcisi. Kungcono ukuba ummese ungaphumeleli kwindawo engezantsi yeplani nakanye xa uyifaka, kodwa ukuba imela ilungelelaniswe ngesando esincinci emva kokuba i-wedge yokhuni ilungisiwe. Ukuba imela iphuma kakhulu, ayiwukhawulezisi umsebenzi njengoko inqumla ngokulula kwizinto eziphathekayo ngokunzulu kakhulu. Kulula ukuyisusa imela ukuze ibandakanyeke ngaphezu kokuyitsalela ngaphandle. Kubalulekile ukuba ukubetha ummese kwicala le-blade kuthatha indawo echanekileyo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kwakhona “emoyeni” ngelixa ubambe igrater kwisandla sasekhohlo (umfanekiso 6).
Umzobo 6 — Ukulungelelanisa indawo yemela yokucwangcisa.
Xa sifuna ukususa imela, kuyimfuneko ukubetha inxalenye yangasemva ye-grater kaninzi ngehamile, ngokuqinisekileyo xa iphakanyiswa.
Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-grater yi-insert (i-rust breaker), efakwe kwi-knife nge-screw. Umsebenzi wofakelo kukwaphula inkunkuma eqokelelweyo phambi kwemela, kungenjalo ukuvuleka komgquba kuya kuvaleka ngokukhawuleza.
Umkhombandlela wocwangciso kunye nenkqubo
Umsebenzi wokucwangcisa uqhuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ngesandla sokunene, sibamba umva wesiphelo seplani ukwenzela ukuba isithupha siphumle ngakwesobunxele, kunye neminye iminwe kunye ngakwesokudla ecaleni kwe-wedge; ngesandla sobunxele, thatha i-grater ngencam - isiphelo sangaphambili sesiphatho, kwaye ulawule i-grater. Isandla sokunene sinika uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokusebenza. Khupha ngokulinganayo ngokuhambisa i-grater ngasemva naphambili kwimivumbo emikhulu, ngaphandle kokufaka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi-grater. Xa sibuyisela umva, sigoba i-grater kancane kumda, ngaloo ndlela sigcina imela.
Kufuneka uhlale ucwangcisa ecaleni kweenkozo zokhuni, kuba neyona nto ifakiweyo ayinakukwazi ukugcina ibhodi okanye i-lath ekwahlukaneni ukuba ukucwangciswa kwenziwa kwelinye icala. Umzamo wokwenza ibhodi imiswe ngokufanelekileyo ayifanele ukuzisola. Ukuba isalathiso se-fibers sitshintsha, kufuneka sibeke i-planer rhoqo kwicala lefiber, ngoko siya kucwangcisa ngamanye amaxesha kwicala elinye kwaye kwelinye icala, rhoqo phantsi kwefiber (umfanekiso 7).
Ona kunzima kakhulu ukucwangciswa kwendawo enqamlezileyo, kuba imela kufuneka inqumle iifibers kwaye ngoko ke iyawaphula, iwakrazule. Yiyo le nto kunye neziphelo zeebhodi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ucwangcise ukusuka kwimida yangaphandle ukuya embindini. Lo ayingomsebenzi ulula kakhulu kuba igrater ixhuzula izandla (umfanekiso 7, phakathi).
Umfanekiso 7 — Isalathiso sokucwangciswa kunye nenkxaso yendawo yokusebenza.
Iplani yokucoca isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iindawo ezicwangcisiweyo. Iyintsimbi yentsimbi enxantathu enomgca obukhali, othi, ubambe ngezandla zombini, utsalwe phezu kwendawo ecwangcisiweyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela uhlambulule ukungalingani okuseleyo.
Ukucwangciswa kufuna ukuba i-workpiece yomatshini ibotshwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye iqhutywe ngokuqinileyo kwicala lokucwangcisa, njengoko ukuxhuzula okunamandla kwenzeka ngexesha lomatshini. Ngoko ke, makhe sibeke into kwi-workbench, ukuba asinayo ibhentshi yokuchwela, kwaye sigxininise kwi-screw nge-clamp yesandla. Asimele sisebenzise itafile ekhazimlisiweyo enemilenze emincinci njengedesika, kodwa sifanele sikhethe itafile enzima negqunyiweyo yasekhitshini. Sincike etafileni eludongeni okanye, ngakumbi, ecaleni kwebhodi ecutshungulwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko kukho ingozi yokuba isithupha sesandla sethu sasekhohlo siya kubambelela phakathi kodonga kunye nencam ngenxa ye-inertia.
Isisombululo esisebenzayo: masibeke ibhentshi egqunywe ngelaphu elishinyeneyo phakathi kwetafile yokusebenza kunye nodonga ukuze imiphetho yetafile kunye nebhentshi ingangqubani kwaye iimpembelelo eludongeni zithambile. Ngoku siqinisa i-workpiece kunye ne-clamps kwitafile egqunywe ngengubo. Singakwazi nokubeka isiqwenga sebhodi esincinci phakathi kwemiphetho yesokethi kunye nodonga (umfanekiso 7, ngezantsi).
Ukuba sicwangcisa i-cross-section ye-fibers, sibamba i-workpiece kwi-vise ukwenzela ukuba iifayili ziqhube ngokuthe nkqo. Makungabikho nantoni na kufutshane nesandla enokwenzakalisa isandla.
Rasps kunye neefayile zokwenziwa ngamaplanga
Ngokufakela kunye nezixhobo zokucwangcisa, umphezulu womthi unokucutshungulwa ngaphandle kolwazi olukhethekileyo. Olu ncediso lubandakanya i-rasp kunye nefayile yokhuni. Icandelo eliza kucutshungulwa kufuneka lilungiswe ekuphakameni kwe-elbow (umfanekiso 8). Sibamba ifayile ngencam ngesandla sethu sobunxele, kunye nesibambo ngesandla sethu sokunene, kwaye siyicinezela ngokuchasene nento ecwangcisiweyo, siyikhupha emva naphambili ukwenzela ukuba ubude befayile budlule phezu kwendawo ukuba iqhutywe. Xa ulinganisa iinxalenye zomphezulu, imivimbo emfutshane enefayili ikhokelela kwinjongo. Ifayile idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukugqiba imida, imingxuma yokubhoba, ukujikeleza, ukugqiba kunye nokucubungula icandelo le-cross of fibers. Apha, kwakhona, kukho ithuba lokuqhawula umthi omncinci okanye omkhulu. Ukuba iqhekeza elingumatshini libanjiswa phakathi kwamaplanga amabini afanayo, amathuba okuqhekeka komphetho ayancipha.
Umfanekiso 8 — Indawo yomsebenzi ngexesha lokucwangcisa nokufayilisha.
I-resin evela kwimithi kunye ne-shavings encinci ivala ngokukhawuleza amazinyo efayile, okunzima ukuyicoca. Enye indlela yokucoca ifayile kukusebenzisa ibrashi yocingo. Nangona kunjalo, i-brush yocingo iyonakalisa amazinyo efayile, kwaye ukucoca akusekho i-100%. Indlela yokucoca engcono kukucwina ifayile emanzini atshisayo kwaye emva koko uyihlambulule nge-brush eqhelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, i-resin kunye ne-shavings yezinto zeplastiki ziyasuswa. Emva kokucoca okunjalo, ifayile kufuneka isulwe kwaye yomiswe, ngaphandle koko iya kugqwala. Ukuba ifayile ayiyi kusetyenziswa ixesha elide, sinokuyigubungela ngeoli encinci, esiya kuyisusa ngaphambi kokuba siyisebenzise kwakhona ngokufaka i-scrap piece.