Iintlobo zemithi
Ukwenziwa kweenkuni kwenziwa ikakhulu ngoomatshini abahlukeneyo bokwenza umthi. Izixhobo zokuchwela ngesandla zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokudibanisa kunye nokuqhuba iimveliso kwiigrooves, njl. Kukho ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zokwenziwa kweenkuni koomatshini: ukusika, ukuthunga, ukuguba, ukudika, ukugrumba, ukucwangcisa kunye nesanti (Fig. 1). Iisarha zefreyim, isetyhula kunye neesarha zokukhomba, iimela zokusika nokukhuhla, izixhobo zokusika, iidrili, amatyathanga, iitshizisi kunye nephepha lesanti zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokusika, ukusika nokugudisa.
Umfanekiso 1 — Iindidi zokulungisa iinkuni: a — ukusika; b - ukusika; c - ukugaya; d - ukucola; e - ukukhuhla; f - ukucola.
Amagqabi neeengile zawo
Izixhobo zokusika, ezisetyenziselwa ukucubungula iinkuni, zihlala zine-wedges enye okanye ezininzi. Ngoko, umzekelo, amazinyo efreyimu, i-circular kunye ne-band saws, ii-blades ze-scraper imela, amazinyo abasiki be-milling, njl. Ukuze ezi blades ezimilise okweweji zikwazi ukugawula iinkuni ezinemveliso ephezulu kwaye zinike umgangatho owanelisayo wokusetyenzwa, kuyimfuneko ukuba zibekwi-engile ethile kwimicu yomthi kwaye zibenobungakanani obuthile kunye nokumila.
Kwezi zixhobo zokusika, ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza umthi, kukho ii-angles ze-blade ezilandelayo: i-angle yokusika, ebonakaliswa ngunobumba δ, i-angle yokulola - ngonobumba β, i-angle yangaphambili - ngonobumba γ, i-angle yangasemva - ngonobumba α. Isibalo se-angle yangasemva kunye ne-angle yokulola ihlala inika i-angleδ = α + β(ikhiwane.2).
Umfanekiso2- Iimpawu ze-angular ze-blade.
Ukuze ufezekise ukucoceka okuphezulu kokulungiswa komphezulu womthi kunye nokuchitha umsebenzi omncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka ekusikeni, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha eyona angle yokusika ilungileyo, i-angle yokulola, i-angle yokusika ngaphambili nangasemva ngokohlobo lomthi, ukufuma kwayo kunye nesikhokelo sokusika. Njengeyona engile incinci yokulola, i-engile ye30°; i-angle yesalathiso sokuhamba kwemela okanye i-angle yangasemva ithathwa10-15°; i-angle yokusika ithathwa45-74°.
Ukusika isalathiso ukuya kwiintsinga
Ngokwesikhokelo sokusika ngokumalunga neentambo zokhuni, kukho iimeko ezintathu eziphambili zokusika: i-frontal, longitudinal and transverse (fig. 3). Ukusika okucocekileyo kwe-longitudinal, transverse kunye nangaphambili kwenziwa kunqabile kakhulu, kuba imela ngexesha lomsebenzi lihlala likwi-engile ethile kwiinkozo zokhuni.
Umfanekiso 3 — Iimeko ezintathu eziphambili zokugawula iinkuni: a - ngaphambili; b - ixesha elide; c - nqamlezileyo.
Ukulola isixhobo
Isixhobo sokusika silolwe mhlawumbi kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokulola okanye ngesandla, kunye nenyaniso yokuba isixhobo sokusika, emva kokulola, kufuneka sigcine ubume be-blade bokuqala kunye nezinto ezihambelanayo ze-angular.
Izihloko ezinxulumeneyo: iisarha zebhendi, oomatshini beesarha ezijikelezayo, umthi othambileyo kunye namaplanga esarhiweyo, amaplanga kunye nokuveliswa kwefestile yamaplanga umnyango.