Chisel work
Mhando dzechisel uye nzvimbo yeblade
Pasina kushanda nechisel, kugona kumba hakugone kuitwa zvachose. Majoini emidziyo yefenicha achishandisa slots uye plugs, kuisa makiyi, kugadzirisa mahinji emasuo hazvibviri kuita pasina kushandisa chisel.
Paavhareji mashandiro emhando dzakasiyana dzechisel zvinodikanwa kuve neanosvika matatu kana mana. Machisero ane maprofiles akaoma kunzwisisa (akatenuka, akaita hafu yemwedzi, zvichingodaro) anoshandiswa nevavezi nevavezi kugadzira fenicha inoyevedza.
Chipenga chesimbi chakagadzirwa nesimbi, uye mubato nesando zvakashandiswa pakurova zvinogadzirwa nematanda. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chechisel ndiyo blade, iyo inowanzova pakona ye 25° (mufananidzo 1, chikamu 1).
Machizi anonyanya kushandiswa ndeaya:
- flat chisel ine rectangular chikamu;
- chisel chakati sandara chine mipendero yakakomberedzwa;
- simbi yekuveza;
- chisero chakareba chekuvhura.
Mubato wechisel unofanira kunge wakashongedzerwa pamusoro nemhete yesimbi inovhara chikamu chepamusoro chakatetepa zvishoma kuitira kuti mubato usatumbuke kana warohwa nesando yedanda.
Chipande chechezi chakatwasuka (chete muchese chine mhango ndicho chakaputika) uye chinofanira kubatwa mundege yekucheka. Chikamu chakakomberedzwa chechisel chinofanira kutarisana nechikamu chehuni iri kutemwa, kukandwa kunze (fig. 1, part 2–5).
*Mufananidzo1- Nzvimbo yeblade uye kutevedzana kwebasa nechisel.
Kugadzira maburi nekuchengetedza chisel
Paunenge uchishanda nechisel, teerera kutungamirirwa kwezviyo zvehuni, nokuti nekuputika kwakasimba, huni hunogona kuputika munzira yezviyo. (muonde.1, chikamu6,7)
Kana isu tichida kucheka recess yeplug nechisel, isu tinofanira kutanga tacheka chikamu chakajairwa kune kutungamira kwefiber uye ipapo chikamu chinofanana nefiber (fig.1, chikamu2,2/a, 3,3/a). Tinofanira kutanga taisa zvinhu panzvimbo yakasimba kuti tidzivise kuzununguka panguva yebasa, tiisungirire padyo sezvinobvira kune chikamu chinotemwa, kunyange kana tichifanira kufambisa zvinhu panguva yebasa. Paunenge uchishanda, chisel inofanira kubatwa zvakasimba, kwete nechikamu chesimbi, asi nekubata neminwe yako kumativi.
Chisel refu, nhete chinogona kushandiswa kucheka makomba akadzika maburi eplug. Kana iyo plug ichida kupfuura nemukati mechinhu saka zviri nani kuchera gomba kubva kumativi ese maviri achichinjana. Kudzika kwekucheka kunobva kwave kuduku kumativi ose maviri.
Semicircular chisel inoshandiswa kucheka maburi edenderedzwa uye kubvisa mipendero yakapinza yehuni.
Chikamu chechisel chakatarisana neblade chakanongedza uye chakaita mativi mana, uye chinoshandiswa “kuisa” mubato. Nzvimbo inonyanyozivikanwa panotyoka machisi ichikamu chakatepwa pasi pemubato. Apo chisel chinoputika panguva iyoyo, inova isingashandisi kune rimwe basa. Kana mubato wechisel ukakundikana, unogona kutsiviwa nyore nyore. Kana kukuvara kukaitika pablade, inogona kurodzwazve nekukuya.
Mubato unogadziridzwa nenzira yokuti chokutanga chisel chinotsikirirwa mumubato une magumo akanongedza, obva abata mubato uye, achiubata mudenga, anorova chikamu chakabudikira chemubato nesando kakawanda.
Kuchera
Chishandiso chekuchera nekugadzirira
Unofanirwa kuziva maboora! Pamusoro, kuchera kunoratidzika sekushanda kuri nyore mukugadzira matanda, asi mukuita ndeye chete kana iwe une zvishandiso zvakakodzera. Chishandiso chinonyanya kukosha pakuboora maburi eskururu nezvipikiri chibooreso chetsono. Kuboora makomba mahombe kunodawo chibooreso, sezvo kushanda nezvibooreso zvakakura zvetsono kana kuti twist drills zvinoda kudzidzira (picture 2).
Mufananidzo 2 — Chibooreso chemaoko nemhando dzemabhiti ehuni.
Sezvo isu tisingakwanisi kuva nemidziyo yese muwekishopu yedu diki, zvakanakisa kana tikapa chibooreso cheruoko chinozivikanwa se “American”. Chibooreso ichi chinogona kushanda nezvose zviri zviviri twist uye zvidiki twist drills. Izvo hazvidi kushanda nesimba kuti ushande mubato nekuda kwegiya, saka kunyangwe vasina kudzidza vanogona kuishandisa. Ngatiisei ndiro yepasi pasi pezvinhu zvatiri kuchera, pasinei nokuti kuchera kunoitwa nemaoko kana neimwe drill (funga kuti chibooreso chichazopedzisira chapfuura nepakati pezvinhu) uye kubata zvinhu zvose pamwe chete zvakasimba kuitira kuti drill irege kubata zvinhu uye kutanga kuishandura.
Pakuchera huni, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchisarudza yakaderera nhamba yekuchinja. Kana tikashanda nechibooreso chemagetsi uye nenhamba yakaderera yemarevolutions, kuchera kunofanira kuvhiringwa 15-20 masekonzi ega ega. Pakuchera nokukurumidza, huni hunogona kupisa zvokuti hunochinja ruvara uye kunyange kupisa moto. Ruzha rwakapinza, chiutsi chiri muchimiro chebhande rakanaka kana kunhuwa kwesango riri kutsva zvinonyevera nezvazvo. Kubvisa chidimbu kubva muzvinhu apo neapo kana kuchera hakungotonhodze zvishoma chete asi kunobatsira kubvisa machipisi mugomba. Chipu chakanamira mugomba chinoderedza zvakanyanya kuchera.
Usati watanga kuchera, nzvimbo yekuboorwa inofanira kunge yakanamirwa zvishoma nembambo kana buri. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune vanotanga. Iyi yekutanga indentation - mumashoko ehunyanzvi, “kirner” - inobatsira kuburitsa chibooreso panguva yayo yekutanga kumukira. Ngatitarisei kune chokwadi chekuti iyo muromo weiyo drill bit haina beveled kune rumwe rutivi, nekuti muchiitiko ichocho gomba richava rakakura kupfuura zvinotarisirwa mushure mekuchera.
Kucheka tile yakakura yedenderedzwa kubva kune yakaonda zvinhu inonziwo kuchera, kunyange iri mhando yakasiyana zvachose yekushanda. Banga rinogadziriswa gomba rinoshanda sechombo. Ku “drill” nechishandiso ichi, zvinodikanwa kufanorovera gomba diki pakati pekucheka uye kuisa muromo webanga ipapo. Isu tinoisa banga kune chinhambwe chinodiwa maererano nehupamhi hwegomba ratinoda kuboora. Iye zvino tinoshandura blade kakawanda uye inotanga kufamba setsono pane rekodhi regiramufoni, asi nguva dzose iri chinhambwe chimwe chete kubva pakati nekucheka rekodhi (mufananidzo 3).
Kuchera makomba makuru uye asingaoni
Mufananidzo 3 — Kucheka tile yedenderedzwa nebanga rinogadziriswa.
Kana huni hunofanira kupinzwa panguva yekuchera, kuchera kunofanira kutangwa kubva pachiso chechinhu. Gomba riri kudivi iro rinoramba rakanaka, kunyangwe riine micheto yakapinza uku kune rimwe divi chibooreso chinotsemura zvinhu pazvinoboora. Kana tichiboora buri negomba repasi kana kuti countersunk musoro, saka tinofanira kushandisa chibooreso chepasi kuti tiburitse chikamu chepamusoro chegomba resiruu musoro. Kana tisina chibooreso chakakosha cheicho, chibooreso chakakora icho muromo watakambodzika kusvika pakona hombe uchaita. Kuchera kunofanira kuitwa nemazvo kuitira kuti kusapinda zvakadzika mukati mezvinhu.
Kana gomba rikasapfuura nepakati pezvinhu, saka tinofanira kutanga tamaka bhiti rekubooresa, panzvimbo yatinoda kuti ipinde mukati mezvinhu (semuenzaniso nepenzura yemavara, nail polish, nezvimwewo). Nenzira iyoyo hatizofanira kugara tichiburitsa chibooreso uye kuyera kudzika kwegomba (mufananidzo 4).
Mufananidzo 4 — Kutara chibhorani chekudzora kudzika kwekuchera.
Planing
Kusarudzwa uye kurodza kwemupurani
Kuitira kudzivirira kuronga, sarudzo chete kutenga zvinhu zvakarongwa kare. Sezvo zvinhu zvakadaro zvisingakwanisi kuwanikwa nguva dzose, uye isu kazhinji tinofanirwa kugadzirisa mipendero, zviri nani kuve nemurongi mumusangano wepamba. Tinoda mapurani matatu: imwe ye roughing (hombe planer), imwe yekuronga zvakanaka uye imwe planer yemagrooves. Pakati pezvitatu izvi, tinogona kusiya grater huru, sezvo isu tisingawanzove mumamiriro ezvinhu ekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakakura, dzakaoma. Uye kana tichifanira kuzviita, tinogona kushandisa grater yekugadzirwa kwakanaka. Chokwadi, basa racho richatora nguva yakareba.
Mwoyo wemupurani ibanga rakanyatsorodzwa (fig. 5) rine blade yakatwasuka. Iyo blade angle ndeye 25°. Paunenge uchishanda, banga rinofanira kudzivirirwa kubva pakurova chinhu chesimbi, semuenzaniso. chipikiri chakanganwa kana kuti shank yacho inogona kukuvadza blade uye kuita kuti isashande. (Kana tikapa planing kune mhizha uye kana nekuda kwekusava nehanya kwedu imwe mbambo yakavanzwa kana chikamu chehardware chinoramba chiri muzvinhu, mutengo wesaha kana banga repurani rinofanira kubhadharwa kune chimwe nechimwe chakadaro).
Mufananidzo 5 — Kuonekwa kwemupurani uye nzvimbo yezvikamu zvayo.
Chipenga chemupurani chinofanirwa kurodzwa padombo guru rekukuya sezvinobvira kuitira kuti blade isagomara, kureva kuti isaonekwe kutenderera kwewhetstone. Kana tichirodza, tinogona kushandisa chishandiso chekubatsira, chakagadzirwa nebhodhi pakona ye 25°, patinogona kubata banga remupurani panguva yekurodza, nekuti zvinonetsa kunyangwe kune mhizha ane ruzivo kuti aone kona ye 25°.
Mushure mekurodza banga padombo rewhetstone, tinofanirwa kutsvedzerera mipendero yeblade padombo rewhetstone. Izvo hazvifanirwe kukanganwika kuti basa remupurani nderekudzikamisa pamusoro pebhodhi zvakanakisa sezvinobvira, uye izvi zvinogona kuitwa chete pasi pemamiriro ekuti blade inonyatso kufuratira. Guyo rakatsetseka rinogona kuwanikwa muzvitoro zvehardware. Kurodza banga padombo rakanyorova rakafuratira kunofanira kuitwa nekukweva badza (sezvinoita nebanga renguva dzose) pamusoro pedombo mukufamba kwedenderedzwa. Micheto yakapinza yeblade inofanira kubva yabviswa nejecha kuitira kuti irege kusiya mavanga akapinza muzvinhu pakuronga. Anotanga haafaniri kunyara “kuba” ruzivo urwu kubva kuna tenzi.
Kugadzirisa banga remupurani
Iyo blade yemupurani inogadziriswa nemapuranga wedge mukuvhura kwepurani. Kana uchigadzirisa, bata banga uye wedge nechigunwe cheruoko rwako rweruboshwe. Nekurova kuduku kwesando, iyo yatinobata muruoko rwerudyi, tinogadzirisa banga. Izvi zvinofanira kuitwa nedeftly kubata grater mumhepo nemichindwe nemimwe minwe yeruboshwe.
Banga rinofanira kukwira zvishoma kubva pasi pemupurani, uye blade inofanira kunge yakanyungudutswa nepasi pemupurani. Zvakanakisisa kuti banga rirege kubuda kubva pasi pepuraneti zvachose kana uchiisa, asi kuti banga rinogadziriswa nenyundo duku inoputika mushure mokunge wedge yemapuranga yakagadziriswa. Kana banga racho rikanyungudika, harikurumidzise basa sezvo rinocheka zviri nyore muzvinhu zvakadzika. Zviri nyore kutsvedza banga kuti ubate zvakanyanya pane kurivhomora. Izvo zvakakosha kuti kubata banga padivi reblade kunotora nzvimbo chaiyo. Kuvhiya uku kunoitwa zvakare mu “mhepo” uchibata grater kuruoko rweruboshwe (pikicha 6).
Mufananidzo 6 - Kugadzirisa nzvimbo yebanga repurani.
Patinenge tichida kubvisa banga, zvakakosha kurova chikamu chemashure chemuviri wegrater kakawanda nenyundo, hongu kana ichisimudzwa.
Chikamu chakakosha chegireta ndicho chinoisa (rust breaker), icho chinosungirirwa pabanga nescrew. Basa rekuisa nderekupwanya tsvina inenge yaungana pamberi pebanga, zvikasadaro buri rinobva ravharika nekukurumidza.
Kuronga nzira uye maitiro
Iyo chirongwa chekugadzirisa chinopfuurira nenzira inotevera: neruoko rworudyi, tinombundira kumucheto kumashure kwemupurani kuitira kuti chigunwe chigare kuruboshwe, uye zvimwe zvigunwe pamwe chete kurudyi pedyo necheji; neruoko rworuboshwe, tora grater nechepamusoro - kumucheto kwepamberi kwemubato, uye chengetedza grater. Ruoko rworudyi runopa kumanikidzwa kwakakwana kushanda. Nyora zvakaenzana nekufambisa grater kumashure uye mberi mumakororo makuru, pasina kuisa simba rakawandisa pa grater. Pakukwevera kumashure, tinokotamisa grater zvishoma pamucheto, nokudaro tichichengetedza banga.
Unofanira kugara uchironga pamwe chete nezviyo zvehuni, nekuti kunyangwe iyo yakanakisa yekuisa haigone kuchengetedza bhodhi kana lath kubva pakupatsanurwa kana kuronga kuchiitwa kune rimwe divi. Kuedza kuita kuti bhodhi rigadzirwe zvakanaka haifaniri kuzvidemba. Kana hutungamiri hwemafibhi huchichinja, tinofanira kuisa planer nguva dzose munzira ye fiber, saka ticharonga dzimwe nguva mune imwe nzira uye mune imwe nzira, nguva dzose pasi fiber (mufananidzo 7).
Iyo yakanyanya kuoma ndeye planing ye-cross-sectional surface, nokuti banga rinofanira kuyambuka-kucheka mafiber uye naizvozvo rinopwanya nekutsemura. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita magumo emapuranga. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, unofanira kuronga kubva kumativi ekunze kusvika pakati. Iri harisi basa riri nyore nekuti girata rinokwenya maoko (mufananidzo 7, pakati).
Mufananidzo 7 - Kuronga kutungamira uye kutsigirwa kweworkpiece.
A yekuchenesa grater inoshandiswa kuenzanisa nzvimbo dzakarongwa. Iro rectangular simbi ndiro ine muromo wakapinza, iyo, inobata nemaoko maviri, inokwevera pamusoro penzvimbo yakarongwa uye nokudaro inochenesa kusaenzana kwakasara.
Kuronga kunoda kuti workpiece kuti ishandiswe yakasungirirwa zvakasimba uye imhanye zvakasimba munzira yekuronga, sezvo kuzununguka kwakasimba kunoitika panguva yekugadzira. Saka, ngatiisei chinhu pabhenji rebasa, kana tisina bhenji remuvezi, uye tisungirire kune screw ne hand clamp. Hatifaniri kushandisa tafura yakakwenenzverwa ine makumbo matete sedhesiki, asi tinofanira kusarudza tafura yekicheni inorema, yakavharwa. Isu tinosendamira tafura pamadziro kana, kunyange zviri nani, pedyo nebhodhi iri kugadziriswa. Zvisinei, munyaya iyi pane ngozi yokuti chigunwe cheruoko rwedu rworuboshwe chichanamira pakati pemadziro nemuromo nekuda kwe inertia.
Inoshanda mhinduro: ngatiise bhenji rakafukidzwa nejira gobvu pakati petafura yebasa nemadziro kuitira kuti mipendero yetafura uye bhenji isabonderana uye zvinokanganisa pamadziro zvinyoro. Iye zvino tinogadzirisa workpiece ne clamps patafura yakafukidzwa negumbeze. Tinogona zvakare kuisa chidimbu chebhodhi chakatetepa pakati pemipendero yesoketi nemadziro (mufananidzo 7, pazasi).
Kana tikaronga chikamu chemuchinjikwa wefibers, tinosungirira workpiece muvise kuitira kuti mafibhi afambe akamira. Panofanira kusave nechinhu chiri pedyo neruoko chinogona kukuvadza ruoko.
Rasps uye mafaera ekugadzira huni
Nekuisa uye kuronga zvinhu, pamusoro pehuni inogona kugadziriswa pasina ruzivo runokosha. Ichi chinyorwa chinosanganisira rasp uye faira yehuni. Chikamu chinofanirwa kugadziriswa chinofanira kumiswa pakukwirira kwegokora (Fig8) Isu tinobata faira nechidimbu neruoko rweruboshwe, uye nekubata neruoko rwerudyi, uye tichiitsikirira pamusoro pechinhu chiri kurongwa, tinoikwevera kumashure uye mberi kuitira kuti urefu hwose hwefaira hupfuure pamusoro pepamusoro kuti hugadziriswe. Paunenge uchienzanisa zvikamu zvepamusoro, shamhu pfupi ine faira inotungamirira kune chinangwa. Imwe faira inowanzoshandiswa kupedzisa micheto, kuchera maburi, kutenderera, kupedzisa uye kugadzirisa chikamu chemuchinjikwa wefiber. Pano zvakare, pane mukana wekupwanya chidimbu chidiki kana chikuru chehuni. Kana chidimbu chemuchina chikabatwa pakati pezvidimbu zviviri zvehuni zvakafanana, mukana wekuchekerera mipendero unodzikiswa.
*Mufananidzo8-Mamiriro echishandiso panguva yekuronga uye kufaira.
Resin kubva muhuni uye shavings duku inokurumidza kuvhara mazino efaira, uye izvi zvakaoma kuchenesa. Imwe nzira yekuchenesa faira ndeye kushandisa wire brashi. Nekudaro, iyo brashi yewaya inokuvadza mazino efaira, uye kuchenesa kuchiri kwete 100%. Nzira yekuchenesa iri nani ndeyekunyudza faira mumvura inopisa uye wozoichenesa nebhurashi rinogara riripo. Nenzira iyi, resin uye shavings yezvinhu zvepurasitiki zvinobviswa. Mushure mekuchenesa kwakadaro, faira inofanira kupukuta uye kuomeswa, kana zvisina kudaro ichaita ngura. Kana iyo faira isingazoshandiswi kwenguva yakareba, tinogona kuifukidza nemafuta akaonda, ayo atichabvisa tisati tashandisa zvakare nekuisa chidimbu chechidimbu.