Izikrufu zomthi
Ngokwemilo yentloko, sinokuzihlela zibe ngamaqela amane aphambili: i-screw ngentloko ejikelezayo (og); nentloko ejingayo (ug); ngentloko ye-lenticular (sg) kunye nentloko ye-angular (Fig1). Iintloko zamaqela amathathu okuqala ezikrufu zomthi ziyilwe kwaye ziyakwazi ukujijwa kwaye zikhutshwe nge-screwdriver, ngelixa iqela lesine le-screws lisetyenziselwa i-scaffolding, likhulu, kunye nentloko ye-hexagonal. Iyajija kwaye ijike ngoncedo lwesitshixo esivulekileyo. (Ukwenzela idibansi edityanisiweyo kwiplanga kunye nezinye izinto, isikrufu sikwasetyenziselwa ukuqiniswa kokufakwa ngentambo kunye ne-nut (nut) kunye nezikrufu zentsimbi, ngoko siya kuyazi xa sithetha ngezikrufu zesinyithi. Esi sixhobo sinecala elihle lokuba phambi kwentloko yalo ejikeleze isiqingatha kukho intloko yesikweri, engena kwizinto eziphathekayo xa uqina kwaye ungavumeli ukuqinisa i-screen ngexesha lokuqina.
Umfanekiso 1 — Iimilo zeentloko kunye nokuphawulwa kwemilinganiselo yezikrufu zomthi.
Kubalulekile ukuba imilo yentloko yesijivu somthi ilungelelaniswe kwindawo yokusetyenziswa. Umzekelo, ngeendawo ezisicaba, siya kusebenzisa isikrufu ngentloko ye-countersunk engaphumi kwinqwelomoya. Kwaye izikrufu zokhuni zithengiswa ngekhilogram, kungekhona ngeqhekeza. Imilinganiselo yabo inikwe ngamanani aphindwe kabini njengezikhonkwane, umzekelo 2 × 7 ug. Oku kubhekisa kwisikrufu esinobukhulu be-2 mm kunye nobude beshaft ye-7 mm.
Le theyibhile ilandelayo inika iindidi zezikrufu ezinobunzima 1.000 wamaqhekeza kunye nenani lezikrufu kwipakethe eqhelekileyo - hayi ubunzima bepakethe, njengoko kwakunjalo ngezikhonkwane.
| Screw dimension | Ubunzima 1.000 iqhekeza | Inombolo yokupakisha |
|---|---|---|
| 2 × 7 | 0,22 kg | 2.000 |
| 2,5 × 15 | 0,64 kg | 1.000 |
| 3,5 × 35 | 2,46 kg | 500 |
| 5 × 60 | 8,43 kg | 200 |
| 6 × 50 | 10,40 kg | 100 |
| 8×120 | 41,80 kg | 100 |
| 6×120, intloko ye-angular | 49 kg | 50 |
| 10×130, intloko ye-angular | 66,50 kg | 50 |
Ukulungiswa kwezinto kunye nokhuseleko oludibeneyo
Akukho msebenzi wokuqala kufuneka wenziwe xa uqhuba izikhonkwane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhuba izikrufu zokhuni, izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zilungiswe ngokubhoboza umngxuma onobubanzi obulingana neekota ezintathu zobubanzi be-screw kunye nesiqingatha sobude be-screw ukuze sisetyenziswe. Le “half-hole” ikhokela isikrufu kwaye inqanda umthi ekuqhekekeni (isikrufu sinomsonto weconical *). Imingxuma emincinci ingonjwa ngokubethelela isikhonkwane esithi sisuswe.
Kubalulekile ukuba inqaku kunye nenotshi kwintloko ye-screw ibe kwinqwelo-moya enye. Kulula ukujika isikrufu esiqatywe ngesepha phambi kokuba usisebenzise. Kubalulekile ukuba ububanzi bebhodi ubuncinane110%ubude be-screw (ngaphandle kokuba sifuna ukuba isikrufu sigqobhoze ibhodi nangasiphi na isizathu) ukuze incam yesikrufu ingahambi ebhodini. Umzekelo kwibhodi yobunzima10 mmmasisebenzise, ukuya phezulu, 8 mmisikrufu somthi omde.
Ungasebenzisi isikrufu esinomhlwa! Ukuba asinayo enye, indala kufuneka iqatywe nge-oyile. Emva kwe-screw in - ngakumbi kwizinto ezihlobisayo - gcoba intloko ye-screw kunye ne-varnish engenambala, eya kukhusela i-screw kwaye ikhusele ekuyikhupheni.
Cola
Gluing yindlela eqhelekileyo yokudibanisa. I-Knot yi-arhente ebophelelayo eyaziwayo ixesha elide, ngokuthe ngqo “i-glutinous” iqhina elifudumeleyo. Okutsha kunale yintlama “casein” ebandayo. Eyona nto intsha incamathelayo yintlaka encamathelayo esekwe kwiireyini zokwenziwa.
Iziva ezishushu
Obona bushushu bufudumeleyo bufunyenwe ngomxube 3:1 ithambo kunye nesikhumba esivakalayo. Ifumaneka kwii-slabs. Umphezulu wokwaphuka kufuneka ucandeke, ube neqokobhe. Umbala awudlali indima ebalulekileyo, kodwa ibhodi kufuneka ibe namaqamza ambalwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukuba amabala anamafutha avela ebusweni bentlama enyibilikisiweyo, luphawu lokuba inhlama ibonakaliswe kwaye ayifanele isetyenziswe. Kufuneka usoloko unyibilikisa iglu kuphela njengoko siza kuyisebenzisa. Masiqale sivumele iqhekeza lentlama eliqhekekileyo limanzise isiqingatha sosuku (amabala anamafutha avele phezu kwamanzi), emva koko ugalele amanzi angaphezulu ukusuka kubunzima obuncangathi kwaye uvumele intlama inyibilike ngokupheleleyo ngokuyifudumeza ku-50-60°C. Kungcono ukubeka isitya kunye ne-tutkal kwisitya esikhulu samanzi kwaye usibeke kwisitofu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu bamanzi abukho ngaphezu kwe-70°S ngokuvuselela rhoqo makunyibilike intlama. Sifaka uluhlu olulinganayo lwe-putty kwindawo elungiselelwe kwaye sicinezele iindawo zokhuni ezigcotywe ngale ndlela ngokulinganayo phezu komnye nomnye. Ilaphu libophelela ku-5-25 mimizuzu, kwaye kumagumbi awomileyo, ashushu nangaphambi kokuba elo xesha liphelelwe.
intlama yecasin ebandayo
Intlama yecasin ebandayo “ibeka” ngokucothayo. Ikhupha iblade yesixhobo xa indawo encamatheleyo yenziwe ngoomatshini. Emva kokulungiswa, i-paste ebandayo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza. Ukubanda kuyawutshintsha umbala wezinto zomthi. Iyakwazi ukumelana namanzi kwaye ilungiselelwe ngokulula ukusetyenziswa ngaphandle kokufudumeza. I-Cold felt yimathiriyeli emhlophe engumgubo. Xa ivumba lesonka samasi, kufuneka singaphindi siyisebenzise kuba yonakele. Ikhilogram enye yeglue ebandayo iyancibilika ilitha kunye nesiqingatha ukuya kwiilitha ezimbini zamanzi kunye nokuvuselela ngobumnene ubuncinane isiqingatha seyure. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukushisa kwegumbi kufuneka kube 10°C kwaye amanzi kufuneka abe ubuncinane 20°C. Xa uxutywa, intlama ebandayo ijiyile ekuqaleni, kodwa emva kokuxuba, iyancipha, ngoko akufuneki singxame ukugalela amanzi kanye ekuqaleni. Kummandla we1 m2 kuyimfuneko ukufaka 50 iigrem zeputty ebandayo ngokulinganayo. Ithishu ebandayo elungisiweyo ingasetyenziswa kwisithuba seeyure ezintlanu.
Izinto zokuncamathelisa ezisekwe kwiireyini zokwenziwa
Iintlobo ezininzi ezintsha zeglue zenza umsebenzi wokudibanisa iinkuni ube lula. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kwezi glues kukukhululeka kokusebenza nazo, kodwa nexabiso eliphezulu.
Elona ncamathelisi lixhaphake kakhulu ngokusekwe kwi-synthetic resins yi-epoxy yamacandelo amabini. Kwiqondo lokushisa kwegumbi, loma kwi-24h kwaye lenze ubunzima obumhlophe, obunokunqunyulwa. Inokupeyintwa, kodwa iyabiza kwaye ke ngoko ifanelekile kwimisebenzi emincinci kunye nethambileyo.
glue esekelwe kwi-synthetic resins nayo ikhuselekile. Iibhondi ziqinile, ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokusisigxina: i-porcelain, imithi, iiplastiki, i-celluloid, isinyithi kunye nokunye. Iglu “oho” ayinayo ityhefu, icwebile, ayinamanzi kwaye inevumba elimnandi. Umphezulu oza kuncamatheliswa kufuneka ucoceke kwaye wome. Iglue isetyenziswe kwiindawo zombini ukuba ifakwe, isasazeke kwaye ilinde ukuba yome kancinci. Emva koko yomibini imiphezulu icinezelwe kwaye ishiywe icinezelwe imizuzu emininzi. Iglu eyomileyo yenza umaleko obhityileyo ongenambala.
Ukufaka iglu kumphezulu womthi olungisiweyo.
Kukwakho nenani le-adhesives jikelele esekelwe kwi-synthetic resins ezifana ne-Araldite, i-Boropor, njl. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo, akukho myalelo wendalo yonke onokuthi unikwe, kodwa kufuneka sisebenzise imiyalelo yomntu ngamnye eqhotyoshelweyo kwi-adhesive nganye. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokunamathelisa ezisekelwe kwii-resin zokwenziwa kukuba kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwimigangatho emincinci kwaye ngoko zingasetyenziselwa kuphela ukudibanisa iindawo ezisicaba. Azifanelekanga ukuncamathelisa iibhodi ezirhabaxa, kwaye ziyabiza.
Inkqubo yokuncamathelisa iinkuni
Imisebenzi esisiseko ekufuneka yenziwe xa i-gluing iinkuni zezi: ukucocwa okupheleleyo kunye nokuhle kobuso bokudibanisa kuzo zombini iziqwenga eziza kufakwa, ngokulinganayo ukusebenzisa iglue kuwo wonke umhlaba ukuba udityaniswe kwaye usebenzise uxinzelelo olwaneleyo kwiindawo ezinamathele. Ukomisa kukhawuleza ngegumbi elomileyo nelifudumeleyo apho i-gluing yenziwa khona. Kubalulekile ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo iglu ecudiweyo phakathi kwemiphezulu emibini ngokucinezela.
Ingqwalasela eyodwa kufuneka ihlawulwe ekucinezeleni, ekuqiniseni izinto. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, akufanele ucinezele ngokuthe ngqo kwimigangatho ukuze unamathele, kodwa yenze ngokusebenzisa iziqwenga ezilahliweyo ezibekwe ngaphandle. Bafuna imihlathi ukuze babambe. Ukudibanisa amaqhekeza amancinci, itafile enye enebhodi ecaba iyanele, emva koko ibhodi encedisayo, emva koko iziqwenga zifakwe kwaye kwakhona ibhodi encedisayo. Iincwadi ezimbalwa ezinzima okanye izitena zinokusebenza njengobunzima obucinezelayo.
Sawing
Ukhetho lwesarha kunye neeblade
Ukusika kunye nokwahlula, emva kwe-riveting, umsebenzi oqhelekileyo. Okokuqala kufuneka sikhethe isixhobo sokusika iinkuni - isarha. Kuba iworkshop yasekhaya ingenakho ukuxhotyiswa njengeworkshop yobuchwephesha, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekufumaneni kuphela ezona sarha ziyimfuneko (umfanekiso 2).
Umfanekiso 2 — Iindidi zeesarha, iiprofayili zezinyo kunye nezikhundla kunye nokuqala kokusikwa.
Ukusika amaplanga amakhudlwana siya kufumana isarha yomchweli enye enefreyimu. Ukusika amaqhekeza amancinci, sifuna isarha yesandla enamacangca anokutshintshwa, kwaye ekugqibeleni, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nesarha yesandla esinesakhelo sentsimbi kunye neencakuba ezinokutshintshwa kwiiprofayili ezahlukeneyo. Kule sarha siza kubonelela ngenani elikhulu lamaphepha eeprofayili ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko ye-saw blades, ngaphezu kobukhulu bamazinyo (ukuphakama kwamazinyo kukuba: ukusika 3 mm, ukusika i-grooves 2mm, ukulungiswa kakuhle 1 mm) i-angle yamazinyo nayo iyatshintsha. I-engile ye-90° yeyona ifaneleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi emininzi, njengoko amazinyo anokulolwa ngefayili engunxantathu. Ngomsebenzi ochanekileyo, kufuneka sibe neshiti elinamazinyo kwi-engile ye-110°. Umhloli wesinyithi unokufakwa kwisakhelo sesinyithi. Amazinyo asarha aqhele ukuzisika, o.k.t ukutyhala.
Ukuveza kunye nokulola amazinyo
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba amazinyo e-saw, ngaphandle kokuthambekela kwicala le-blade, abuye abe nokugoba kwawo, oko kukuthi “i-splashes” eyahlukileyo kumaphepha ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusika amaphepha, afikelela ku-2 ubukhulu beshiti, kumaphepha e-grooving 1,5, kunye namaphepha amancinci 1,3 sheet thick. Ukusabalala kwamazinyo kuqinisekisa ukusika okugudileyo ngaphandle kokudibanisa i-blade kwizinto eziphathekayo. Isixhobo esikhethekileyo sisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-prongs, kodwa ngokunyamekela ngakumbi i-flat-nose pliers nayo ingasebenza. Ngesarha ene-swagger, oko kukuthi. Amazinyo agobileyo ngasekhohlo, kunzima ukuqalisa ukusika, ngoko akukho nto iphosakeleyo kumntu oqalayo ukwenza ukusika kokuqala ngetshizi okanye isarha nge-swagger encinci. Ngale nto, kufuneka ukhawuleze wenze iinqumlo ezimbini ngokusondeleyo komnye nomnye, kuba ishidi elinokusabalalisa okukhulu aliyi kukwazi ukungena kwi-groove emxinwa. Ukuba i-saw inamathele ngaphandle, kufuneka siqinise i-saw blade kwi-vise kwaye siyilole ngefayile ye-triangular. Kwangaxeshanye, amazinyo kufuneka aphakanyiswe, isiqingatha sesentimitha ngaphezulu kwemihlathi yemangal.
Uxinzelelo kunye nendawo yephepha
Amagqabi esarha yefreyimu anokudityaniswa ngesarha yokuchwela ngokujika isileti kumtya, kunye nesarha yentsimbi ngokujija i-butterfly nut. Ukongeza kweli phepha, liyakwazi ukujikeleza kwi-axis, oko kukuthi ingxelo ukusuka kwinqwelomoya yesakhelo. Ingcali idla ngokusebenza ngokuthambekela kweblade 35° ngasekunene kwesakhelo ukuze ibone kakuhle umgca oza kuwunqumla. Nangona kunjalo, asikucebisi oku kwabaqalayo, njengoko ukubamba isarha kule angle kufuna ukuziqhelanisa, kwaye kuyadinisa isandla. Enyanisweni, kukho iimeko apho le ndawo yesarha iyimfuneko ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iblade yesarha ingajijwa, o.k. ukuba iblade yesarha kumacala omabini esakhelo “inothambeki” olulinganayo.
Ukusika ukuPhawula
Njengawo nawuphi na umsebenzi, umgaqo uyasebenza ekusikeni: Linganisa kathathu ukusika kube kanye kuphela! Kuphela ligcisa elinoqheliselo olude linokuzivumela ukuba lizobe umgca wokumakisha ngokuthe ngqo ukulinganisa nokusika ecaleni kwawo. Kuchaneke ngakumbi ukuba umgca wokulinganisa kufuneka ube ngaphezu komlinganiselo wangempela, kwaye ukusika kufuneka kwenziwe ecaleni kophawu, ukwenzela ukuba umgca wokumakisha uhlale ubonakala nangemva kokusika. Masingakulibali ukuphawula - ukudweba inxalenye ewayo, ukwenzela ukuba ngenxa yokuguqula izinto eziphathekayo, asiyi kunqumla ngephutha kwicala eliseleyo, kuba kuloo meko siya kufumana isiqwenga esincinci kunokuba sifuna.
Ukumakisha, sisebenzisa intsimbi okanye i-angle yokhuni (i-winkle). Siya kwenza ukumakisha ngendlela yokuba ngokuguqula isiqwenga esiphawulweyo ngo-180 °, siya kuphinda siphawule icala elichaseneyo lezinto eziphathekayo. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuphepha nayiphi na impazamo enokuthi yenzeke ngenxa yokungalingani kwemiphezulu okanye ukubamba okungalunganga kwezinto. Kwaye ukuba amanqaku amabini awahambelani, indlela efanelekileyo yokusika iya kuzotywa phakathi kwayo.
Ukuqala kunye nokukhokela ukusika
Ngaphambi kokuba siqale ukusika, kufuneka sibambe izinto ngesandla sasekhohlo ukuya ngakwesobunxele kumgca wokusika ophawulweyo, sigcine isithupha esigobileyo sesandla sasekhohlo ukuya phezulu kwaye siphumle i-saw blade kwisithupha esiphakanyisiweyo. Emva koko siqala ukuseha (umfanekiso 3, inxalenye 1).
Isiseko sobhontsi kufuneka sibe malunga 1,5 cm ngaphezulu kunomphezulu osikiweyo, ukuze amazinyo asarha angarhaleli ubhontsi ukuba iblade ithe yagqabhuka ngempazamo. Kulo msebenzi, akusiyo ingcamango embi ukwenza uqheliselo oluncinci, kuba ukubethelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwesarha kunokuphosa isigulane esiqalayo ngobuchule, kwaye ukucaphuka okanye ukuphosa isixhobo akusikhokeleli kwinjongo. Xa usika okokuqala, kufuneka ubambe isarha ngokukhululekileyo kwaye uqale ukusika ngokutsalela isarha kuwe.
Umfanekiso 3 — Ukuqala kokusikwa, isikhokelo sesarha kunye nendawo yemathiriyeli ebambelweyo.
Xa usika, kufuneka sizame ukusika ubude bonke besarha kwaye sigcine isarha ekujikeni ngasekhohlo nasekunene, phezulu naphantsi (umfanekiso 3, inxalenye 2). I-saw blade kufuneka ihambe ngokuthe tye. Ukuba sidiniwe, sikhupha isarha kwaye siphumle, kuba ngesandla esidiniweyo, esingenamava, ukusika kuya kuba kungalunganga, kwaye sinokubangela ukuba isixhobo siphuke size sizilimaze. Ibhodi kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ukuze ingaxhonywa kwi-mangel kwaye kufuneka ibotshwe kakuhle (umfanekiso 3, inxalenye 3).
Ukugqitywa komsebenzi kunye nokugcinwa
Isarha enamazinyo angasasazeki kangako ixinga lula emthini omanzi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, igrisi okanye isepha kufuneka isetyenziswe kwi-blade ye-saw. Ukusikwa kufuneka kulawulwe xa kusondela umlinganiselo ukuze ungenzi ukusika okunzulu kunokuba unqwenela. Ukuba sinqumle isiqwenga ngokupheleleyo, imivimbo yokugqibela kunye nesarha kufuneka yenziwe ngokukhululekileyo, ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba ingahlukanisi inxalenye engezantsi yezinto.
Iingcebiso ezilungileyo: emva kokusetyenziswa, i-saw blade kufuneka ifakwe ngegrisi ekhuselayo ukuyikhusela ukuba ingagqwali, kwaye amazinyo kufuneka ajongane nesakhelo.
Izihloko ezinxulumeneyo: oomatshini bokwenza amaplanga kunye nezixhobo, iisarha zebhendi, ukuchiliza, ukomba nokucwangcisa, iinkonzo kunye nefestile yamaplanga kunye nokuvelisa umnyango.