I-chisel work
Izinhlobo zamashizolo nendawo yeblade
Ngaphandle kokusebenza ngeshizolo, ukwenza kahle ekhaya akunakwenziwa ngokuphelele. Amalungu ezingxenye zefenisha esebenzisa ama-slots nama-plugs, ukufaka izingidi, ukulungisa ama-hinges eminyango akunakwenzeka ukwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-chisel.
Ngokusebenza okumaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamashizolo kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nokuthathu noma amane. Amashizolo anamaphrofayili ayinkimbinkimbi (atshekile, amise okwenyanga, njll.) asetshenziswa abaqophi nababazi ukwenza ifenisha esesitayeleni.
I-blade yeshizolo yenziwe ngensimbi, futhi isibambo nesando esisetshenziswe ukuyishaya zenziwe ngokhuni. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeshizolo iblade, evamise ukuba kwi-engeli engu-25° (isithombe 1, ingxenye 1).
Amashizolo asetshenziswa kakhulu yilawa:
- ishizolo eliyisicaba elinengxenye engunxande;
- ishizolo eliyisicaba elinemiphetho egobekile;
- ishizolo lokubaza elinemigodi;
- ishizolo elide lokuvula.
Isibambo seshizolo kufanele sifakwe phezulu ngendandatho yensimbi evala ingxenye engaphezulu ewumngcingo kancane ukuze isibambo singaqhakazi lapho sishaywa ngesando sokhuni.
I-blade yeshizolo iqondile (kusel engenalutho kuphela inamaqhuqhuva) futhi kufanele ibanjwe endizeni yokusika. Ingxenye eboshwe yeshizolo kufanele ibhekane nengxenye yokhuni olusikwayo, olulahlwe ngaphandle (fig. 1, ingxenye 2–5).
*Isithombe1- Ukuma kwe-blade nokulandelana komsebenzi neshizolo.
Ukwenza izimbobo nokunakekela itshiselo
Lapho usebenza nge-chisel, qaphela isiqondiso sokusanhlamvu kokhuni, ngoba ngokushaya okunamandla, izinkuni zingaqhekeka ohlangothini lokusanhlamvu. (fig.1, ingxenye6,7).
Lapho sifuna ukusika ikhefu lepulaki ngeshizolo, kufanele siqale sisike ingxenye ejwayele ukuya lapho kuqondiswa khona i-fiber bese kuba kuphela ingxenye ehambisana nefiber (fig.1, ingxenye2,2/a, 3,3/a). Kumelwe siqale sibeke ukwaziswa endaweni eqinile ukuze sigweme ukudlidliza phakathi nomsebenzi, sikubophe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka engxenyeni ezosikwa, ngisho noma kufanele sihambise impahla phakathi nomsebenzi. Lapho usebenza, i-chisel kufanele ibanjwe ngokuqinile, hhayi ingxenye yensimbi, kodwa ngesibambo ngeminwe yakho nxazonke.
Ishizolo elide, elincane lingasetshenziswa ukusika izimbobo eziyisikwele zepulaki. Uma ipulaki idinga ukudlula ezintweni ngakho-ke kungcono ukubhoboza imbobo nhlangothi zombili ngokushintshana. Ukujula kokusika kuzoba kuncane ezinhlangothini zombili.
Ishizolo eliyisiyingi lisetshenziselwa ukusika izimbobo eziyindilinga nokususa imiphetho ecijile yokhuni.
Ingxenye yeshizolo ebhekene nensingo ikhomba futhi iyisikwele, futhi isetshenziselwa “ukufakwa” esibambo. Indawo evame kakhulu lapho amashizolo ephuka khona ingxenye ecijile ngaphansi kwesibambo. Lapho ishizolo liphuka ngaleso sikhathi, alisakwazi ukusetshenzwa. Uma isibambo seshizolo sihluleka, singashintshwa kalula. Uma ukulimala kwenzeka ku-blade, ingalola kabusha ngokugaya.
Isibambo silungiswa ngendlela yokuthi kuqala isibambo sicindezelwe esibambeni esinesihloko esicijile, bese sibamba isibambo bese, esibamba emoyeni, sishaye ingxenye ephumayo yesibambo ngesando izikhathi ezimbalwa.
Drilling
Ithuluzi lokubhola nokulungiselela
Udinga ukwazi ukubhola! Ngaphezulu, ukubhoboza kubonakala kuwumsebenzi olula ekusebenzeni kwezinkuni, kodwa ekusebenzeni kuphela uma unamathuluzi afanele. Ithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu lokumba izimbobo zezikulufu nezinzipho ukubhoboza inaliti. Ukubhoboza izimbobo ezinkudlwana nakho kudinga ukubhoboza, njengoba ukusebenza ngezimbobo zezinaliti ezinkulu noma izimbobo zokusonta kudinga ukuzijwayeza okuthile (isithombe 2).
Isithombe 2 — Ibhola lezandla nezinhlobo zamabhithi okubhola ngokhuni.
Njengoba singeke sibe nawo wonke amathuluzi endaweni yethu yokusebenzela encane, kuhle kakhulu uma sihlinzeka ngokubhola ngesandla esisodwa okwaziwa ngokuthi “i-American”. Lokhu kuprakthiza kungasebenza ngazo zombili i-twist ne-twist drill emincane. Akudingi mzamo omkhulu ukusebenzisa isibambo ngenxa yegiya, ngakho-ke nongaziwa angasisebenzisa. Masibeke i-base plate ngaphansi kwento esiyimbayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukubhola kwenziwa ngesandla noma ngenye i-drill (cabanga ukuthi i-drill izogcina idlule ezintweni) futhi sibambe yonke into ndawonye ngokuqinile ukuze i-drill ingabambi into futhi iqale ukuyijika.
Ngokwemba ukhuni, kufanele ukhethe inombolo ephansi yama-revolution. Uma sisebenza nge-drill kagesi futhi ngenani eliphansi lama-revolutions, ukubhola kufanele kuphazamiseke njalo ngemizuzwana engu-15-20. Lapho ubhoboza ngokushesha, ukhuni lungashisa kangangokuthi lushintsha umbala futhi lubambe nomlilo. Umsindo obukhali, intuthu esesimweni sebhande elipholile noma iphunga lehlathi elivuthayo liyaxwayisa ngakho. Ukukhipha okuncane kokubalulekile ngezikhathi ezithile lapho ukubhola akupholisi nje kuphela kodwa kusiza ukukhipha ama-chip emgodini. I-chip ebhajwe embobeni inciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokumba.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ukubhoboza, indawo okumele ibhojwe kumele ihlehle kancane ngesipikili noma ngesibhakela sembobo. Lokhu kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi kwabaqalayo. Lokhu kuphumula kokuqala - ngokwemibandela yobungcweti, “i-kirner” - isiza ukususa i-drill bit ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka kwayo kokuqala. Ake sinake iqiniso lokuthi i-tip ye-drill bit ayigxiliwe ohlangothini olulodwa, ngoba kuleso simo umgodi uzoba mkhulu kunalokho okulindelekile ngemuva kokubhoboza.
Ukusika ithayela eliyisiyingi elikhudlwana kusuka ezintweni ezincanyana futhi kubizwa ngokuthi ukubhola, nakuba kuwuhlobo oluhluke ngokuphelele lokusebenza. Ummese wembobo olungisekayo usebenza njengethuluzi. Ukuze “ubhoboze” ngaleli thuluzi, kuyadingeka ukuthi ugobe ngaphambili umgodi omncane phakathi nendawo yokusika bese ubeka ichopho lommese lapho. Sibeka ummese ebangeni elidingekayo ngokusho kobubanzi bomgodi esifuna ukuwubhoboza. Manje siphendulela i-blade izikhathi eziningana futhi iqala ukuhamba njengenaliti kwirekhodi legramofoni, kodwa njalo ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka enkabeni ukusika irekhodi (isithombe 3).
Ukubhoboza izimbobo ezinkulu nezingaboni
Isithombe 3 — Ukusika ithayela eliyindilinga ngommese olungisekayo.
Uma ukhuni kufanele lungene ngesikhathi sokumba, ukumba kufanele kuqalwe ebusweni bento. Imbobo ekulolo hlangothi ihlala iyinhle, noma inemiphetho ebukhali ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi i-drill bit iklebhula impahla njengoba ibhoboza. Uma sibhoboza imbobo yesikulufu nge-countersunk noma ngekhanda elicwile, kufanele sisebenzise i-countersink drill ukuze simboze ingxenye engaphezulu yembobo yekhanda lesikulufu. Uma singenayo i-drill bit ekhethekile yalokho, i-drill bit ejiyile lapho ithiphu layo esalihlinza libe i-engeli enkulu lizokwenza. Umsebenzi wokumba kufanele wenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ungangeni ujule kakhulu ezintweni.
Uma imbobo ingadluli kokokusebenza, kufanele siqale siphawule ibhithi lokubhoboza, endaweni lapho sifuna lingene khona ezintweni (isb. ngepensela elinemibala, i-nail polish, njll.). Ngaleyo ndlela ngeke kudingeke ukuthi sihlale sikhipha i-drill futhi silinganise ukujula kwembobo (isithombe 4).
Isithombe 4 — Ukumaka i-drill yokulawula ukujula kokumba.
Ukuhlela
Ukukhethwa nokucija iplanethi
Ukuze ugweme ukuhlela, okuwukuphela kwenketho ukuthenga impahla eseyihleliwe. Njengoba izinto ezinjalo zingatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngokuvamile kufanele sicubungule imiphetho, kungcono ukuba nomhleli endaweni yokusebenzela yasekhaya. Sidinga amapulani amathathu: elinye elokugwedla (iplanethi enkulu), elinye elokuhlela kahle kanye nelilodwa lokuhlela imifantu. Kulaba abathathu, singashiya i-grater enkulu, ngoba ngeke sibe sesimweni sokucubungula izindawo ezinkulu, ezinzima. Futhi uma kufanele sikwenze, singasebenzisa i-grater yokucubungula okuhle. Impela, umsebenzi uzothatha isikhathi eside.
Inhliziyo yomhleli iwumese obukhali (fig. 5) oneblade eqondile. I-engeli yeblade ithi 25°. Lapho usebenza, ummese kufanele uvikelwe ekushayweni into yensimbi, isb. isipikili esikhohliwe noma umphini waso singalimaza i-blade futhi yenze ukuba ingakwazi ukusetshenziswa. (Uma siphathisa ingcweti ipulani futhi uma ngenxa yokunganaki kwethu isikhonkwane esithile esifihliwe noma ingxenye yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha isala kulokho okubalulekile, inani lesaha noma ummese weplanethi kufanele linxeshezelwe ngocezu ngalunye).
Isithombe 5 — Ukubukeka kweplanethi nendawo yezingxenye zayo.
I-blade yeplanethi kufanele ilolwe etsheni elikhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze i-blade ingaboboki, okungukuthi ukuze kungabonakali ukujikeleza kwe-whetstone. Lapho silola, singasebenzisa ithuluzi elisizayo, elenziwe ngebhodi nge-engeli engu-25°, lapho singabamba khona ummese weplanethi ngesikhathi silola, ngoba kunzima ngisho nakungcweti onolwazi ukunquma i-engeli engu-25°.
Ngemva kokulola ummese ku-whetstone eyindilinga, sidinga ukushelela emaphethelweni e-blade ku-whetstone eyisicaba. Akufanele kukhohlakale ukuthi umsebenzi we-Planer uwukwenza isicaba ubuso bebhodi ngendlela enhle ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi lokhu kungenziwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi i-blade iphansi ngokufanelekile. I-grindstone eyisicaba ingatholakala ezitolo ze-hardware. Ukulola ummese etsheni eliyisicaba elimanzi kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhudula i-blade (njengommese ojwayelekile) phezu kwetshe ngokunyakazisa isiyingi. Imiphetho ecijile ye-blade kufanele isuswe ngokugcotshwa kwesihlabathi ukuze ingashiyi amamaki abukhali endabeni lapho kuhlelwa. Umuntu oqalayo akufanele abe namahloni “okweba” lolu lwazi ku-master.
Ukulungisa ummese weplanethi
I-blade yeplanethi igxilwe ngeweji yokhuni ekuvuleni kweplanethi. Lapho ulungisa, bamba ummese kanye ne-wedge ngesithupha sesandla sakho sobunxele. Ngokushaywa okuncane kwesando, esiyibamba ngesandla sokunene, silungisa ummese. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngobuhlakani ubambe i-grater emoyeni ngesandla sesandla kanye neminye iminwe yesandla sobunxele.
Ummese kufanele uphume kancane ukusuka phansi kweplanethi, futhi i-blade kufanele ishelwe phansi neplanethi. Kungcono kakhulu ukuthi ummese ungaphumi engxenyeni engezansi yeplanethi nhlobo lapho uwufaka, kodwa ukuthi ummese ulungiswe ngokushaywa kwesando esincane ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-wedge yokhuni. Uma ummese uphuma kakhulu, awusheshisi umsebenzi njengoba usika kalula entweni ujule kakhulu. Kulula ukuhambisa ummese ukuze uhlanganyele ngaphezu kokuwudonsa uwukhiphe. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukushaya ummese ohlangothini lwe-blade kuthatha indawo efanele. Lo msebenzi wenziwa futhi “emoyeni” ngenkathi ubambe i-grater esandleni sobunxele (isithombe 6).
Umdwebo 6 — Ukulungisa indawo yombese weplanethi.
Uma sifuna ukususa ummese, kuyadingeka ukushaya ingxenye engemuva ye-grater kaningana ngesando, vele uma iphakanyiswa.
Ingxenye ebalulekile ye-grater ukufakwa (i-rust breaker), exhunywe kummese ngesikulufu. Umsebenzi wokufaka uwukwephula i-scum enqwabelene phambi kommese, ngaphandle kwalokho i-scum evulekayo izovaleka ngokushesha.
Ukuhlela indlela nenqubo
Ukusebenza kokuhlela kuqhubeka ngohlelo olulandelayo: ngesandla sokudla, sibamba isiphetho esingemuva seplanethi ukuze isithupha sihlale kwesokunxele, kanye neminye iminwe ndawonye kwesokudla eduze kweweji; ngesandla sobunxele, thatha i-grater ngephuzu - ekupheleni kwesibambo, futhi ulawule i-grater. Isandla sokudla sinikeza ingcindezi eyanele yokusebenza. Khwela ngokulinganayo ngokuhambisa i-grater phambili naphambili ngama-stroke amakhulu, ngaphandle kokufaka ukucindezela okukhulu ku-grater. Uma sibuyisela emuva, sigoba i-grater kancane emaphethelweni, ngaleyo ndlela silondoloza ummese.
Kufanele uhlale uhlela eduze kohlamvu lokhuni, ngoba ngisho nokufaka okungcono kakhulu akukwazi ukulondoloza ibhodi noma i-lath ekuhlukaniseni uma i-planing yenzelwa ngakolunye uhlangothi. Umzamo wokwenza ibhodi limiswe kahle akufanele uzisole. Uma isiqondiso semicu sishintsha, kufanele sibeke iplanethi ngaso sonke isikhathi ibheke ku-fiber, ngakho-ke sizohlela ngezinye izikhathi ohlangothini olulodwa nakwenye indawo, njalo sehle nge-fiber (isithombe 7).
Okunzima kakhulu ukuhleleka kwendawo ephambanayo, ngoba ummese kufanele unqamule imicu bese uyawaphula, uwadabule. Lokhu kunjalo ngeziphetho zamabhodi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele uhlele kusukela emaphethelweni angaphandle ukuya phakathi nendawo. Lona akuwona umsebenzi olula ikakhulukazi ngoba i-grater inyakazisa izandla (isithombe 7, phakathi).
Isithombe 7 — Isiqondiso sokuhlela nokusekelwa kwendawo yokusebenza.
Iplanethi yokuhlanza isetshenziselwa ukulinganisa izindawo ezihleliwe. Kuyipuleti yensimbi engunxande enomkhawulo obukhali, okuthi, ebambe ngezandla zombili, idonswe phezu kwendawo ehleliwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlanze ukungalingani okusele.
Ukuhlela kudinga ukuthi ucezu lomsebenzi okufanele lufakwe ngomshini luboshwe luqine futhi lugijime luqine lapho kuhlela khona, njengoba ukunyakazisa okunamandla kwenzeka ngesikhathi somshini. Ngakho-ke, ake sibeke into ebhentshini lokusebenzela, uma singenalo ibhentshi lombazi, bese silibophela esikulufini nge-clamp yesandla. Akumelwe sisebenzise itafula eliphucuziwe elinemilenze emincane njengedeski, kodwa kufanele sikhethe itafula lasekhishini elisindayo, elimboziwe. Sincika itafula odongeni noma, kangcono nakakhulu, eduze kwebhodi elicutshungulwayo. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu kunengozi yokuthi isithupha sesandla sethu sobunxele sizobhajwa phakathi kodonga kanye nethiphu ngenxa ye-inertia.
Isixazululo esisebenzayo: masibeke ibhentshi elimbozwe ngendwangu ewugqinsi phakathi kwetafula lomsebenzi nodonga ukuze imiphetho yetafula nebhentshi ingangqubuzani futhi imithelela odongeni ibe mnene. Manje sibophela i-workpiece ngezinsimbi etafuleni elimbozwe ngengubo. Futhi singabeka ucezu lwebhodi oluncanyana phakathi kwamaphethelo esokhethi nodonga (isithombe 7, ngezansi).
Uma sihlela ingxenye enqamulayo yamafayibha, sibamba ucezu lokusebenza ku-vise ukuze imicu ihambe iqonde. Akumele kube khona into eduze kwesandla engalimaza isandla.
Ama-Rasps namafayela okusebenza ngokhuni
Ngezinto zokufaka nokuhlela, indawo yokhuni ingacutshungulwa ngaphandle kolwazi olukhethekile. Lesi sesekeli sihlanganisa i-rasp kanye nefayela lezinkuni. Ingxenye ezocutshungulwa kufanele imiswe ekuphakameni kwendololwane (isithombe 8). Sibamba ifayela ngethiphu ngesandla sethu sobunxele, futhi ngesibambo ngesandla sethu sokunene, futhi sicindezela ngokumelene nento ehlelwayo, siyidonsela emuva naphambili ukuze lonke ubude befayela budlule phezu kwendawo ukuze lucutshungulwe. Lapho ulinganisa izingxenye ezingaphezulu, imivimbo emifushane enefayela iholela egoli. Ifayela livame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqeda imiphetho, ukubhoboza izimbobo, ukuzungeza, ukuqeda kanye nokucubungula ingxenye yesiphambano semicu. Nalapha futhi, kukhona ithuba lokuhlephula ukhuni oluncane noma olukhudlwana. Uma ucezu olufakwe ngomshini lubanjwa phakathi kwezingcezu ezimbili ezifanayo zokhuni, amathuba okuphuka komphetho ayancishiswa.
Isithombe 8 — Ukuma kwendawo yokusebenza ngesikhathi sokuhlela nokugcwalisa.
I-resin evela okhunini kanye nama-shavings amancane avala ngokushesha amazinyo efayela, okunzima ukuwahlanza. Enye indlela yokuhlanza ifayela ukusebenzisa ibhulashi locingo. Kodwa-ke, ibhulashi locingo lilimaza amazinyo wefayela, futhi ukuhlanza akukabi yi-100%. Indlela yokuhlanza engcono ukucwilisa ifayela emanzini ashisayo bese ulihlanza ngebhulashi elivamile. Ngale ndlela, i-resin ne-shavings yezinto zepulasitiki ziyasuswa. Ngemuva kokuhlanza okunjalo, ifayela kufanele lisulwe futhi lomiswe, ngaphandle kwalokho lizogqwala. Uma ifayela lingeke lisetshenziswe isikhathi eside, singasimboza ngendwangu encane yamafutha, esizoyisusa ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa futhi ngokufaka ucezu lwe-scrap.