Zomangira zamatabwa, zomatira ndi macheka

Zomangira zamatabwa

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a mutu, tikhoza kuwaika m’magulu anayi akuluakulu: wononga ndi mutu wozungulira (og); mutu wogwa (ug); ndi mutu wa lenticular (sg) ndi mutu wa angular (Mkuyu1). Mitu ya magulu atatu oyambirira a zomangira zamatabwa amapangidwa ndipo amatha kupukutidwa ndi kutsekedwa ndi screwdriver, pamene gulu lachinayi la zitsulo limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga scaffolding, ndilokulirapo, ndi mutu wa hexagonal. Imapindika ndi kutembenuka mothandizidwa ndi wrench yotsegula. (Kwa chophatikizira chosungunuka mu matabwa ndi zinthu zina, zomangira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomanga zomangira ndi ulusi ndi nati (nati) komanso zomangira zachitsulo, kotero tidzakhala tikudziwa pamene tikukamba za zomangira zitsulo. Chophimba ichi chili ndi mbali yabwino kuti kutsogolo kwa mutu wake wozungulira pali mutu wapakati, womwe umalowa muzinthuzo pamene ukugwedeza ndipo sulola kutembenuza shaft panthawi yolimbitsa).

Image 1 — Maonekedwe a mitu ndi chizindikiro cha miyeso ya zomangira zamatabwa.

Ndikofunikira kuti mawonekedwe a mutu wa screw screw agwirizane ndi malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ndi malo athyathyathya, tidzagwiritsa ntchito screw yokhala ndi mutu wosunthika womwe sutuluka mu ndege. Ndipo zomangira zamatabwa zimagulitsidwa ndi kilogalamu, osati ndi chidutswa. Miyezo yawo imaperekedwa mu manambala awiri ngati misomali, mwachitsanzo 2 × 7 ug. Izi zikutanthauza wononga 2 mm ndi shaft kutalika kwa 7 mm.

Tebulo lotsatirali likupereka mitundu ya zomangira zolemera 1.000 za zidutswa ndi kuchuluka kwa zomangira zomwe zili mu phukusi lanthawi zonse — osati kulemera kwa paketi, monga zinalili ndi misomali.

Kukonzekera kwazinthu ndi chitetezo chogwirizana

Palibe ntchito yoyambirira yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa pokhomerera misomali. Komabe, poyendetsa zomangira zamatabwa, zinthuzo ziyenera kukonzedwa pobowola dzenje lokhala ndi m’mimba mwake wofanana ndi magawo atatu mwa anayi a m’mimba mwake wa screw ndi theka la kutalika kwa screw kuti agwiritse ntchito. “Theka-bowo” ili limawongolera wononga ndikuletsa nkhuni kuti zisagwe (zowononga zimakhala ndi ulusi wokhotakhota *). Tizibowo ting’onoting’ono tikhoza kuboola pokhomerera msomali umene umachotsedwa.

Ndikofunikira kuti mfundo ndi notch ya pa screw head ikhale ndege imodzi. Ndikosavuta kutembenuzira screw yomwe idapaka sopo musanagwiritse ntchito. Ndikofunika kuti m’lifupi mwa bolodi ndi osachepera110%kutalika kwa screw (pokhapokha ngati tikufuna kuti wononga bolodi pazifukwa zilizonse) kuti nsonga ya screw isadutse pa bolodi. Mwachitsanzo mu bolodi la makulidwe10 mmtiyeni tigwiritse ntchito, mpaka, 8 mmmatabwa wautali.

Osagwiritsa ntchito zomangira dzimbiri! Ngati tilibe ina, yakaleyo iyenera kupakidwa ndi mafuta. Pambuyo polowera mkati - makamaka kwa zinthu zokongoletsera - valani wononga mutu ndi varnish yopanda mtundu, yomwe idzateteza wononga ndikuyiteteza kuti isatuluke.

Matani

Gluing ndi njira yodziwika bwino yolumikizirana. Knot ndi chomangira chodziwika bwino kwanthawi yayitali, ndendende “chosulira” mfundo yofunda. Chatsopano kuposa ichi ndi mtanda wozizira wa “casein”. Zomatira zaposachedwa kwambiri ndi zomatira zochokera ku utomoni wopangira.

Kumva kutentha

Nyenje yotentha kwambiri imapezeka ndi 3:1 fupa ndi khungu. Amapezeka mu slabs. Pamwamba pa chothyoka payenera kukhala chong’ambika, chipolopolo. Mtundu sumagwira ntchito yofunika, koma bolodi liyenera kukhala ndi thovu zochepa momwe zingathere. Ngati mawanga amafuta awoneka pamwamba pa mtanda wosungunuka, ndi chizindikiro chakuti mtandawo wawonongeka ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Muyenera kusungunula guluu wochuluka monga momwe tidzagwiritsira ntchito. Tiyeni choyamba tilole mtanda woswekawo ulowerere kwa theka la tsiku (madontho amafuta awonekere pamwamba pamadzi), ndiyeno tsitsani madzi ochulukirapo pamadzi omata ndikusiya mtandawo usungunuke poutenthetsa mpaka 50-60°C. Ndi bwino kuika mbale ndi tutkal mu mbale yaikulu ya madzi ndikuyiyika pa chitofu. Kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa madzi sikupitirire 70°S ndi kusonkhezera kosalekeza lolani kusungunuka kusungunuke. Timayika nsonga ya putty pamtunda wokonzedwa ndikusindikiza matabwa omwe amapaka motere mofanana pamwamba pa wina ndi mzake. Nsaluyo imakhala 5-25 mmphindi, komanso muzipinda zowuma, zofunda ngakhale nthawiyo isanathe.

phala lozizira la casein

Mtanda wozizira wa casein “amayika” pang’onopang’ono. Imatulukira pazida pamene gawo lomatidwali lipangidwa. Pambuyo pokonzekera, phala lozizira liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kuzizira kumasintha mtundu wa matabwa. Imagonjetsedwa ndi madzi ndipo imakonzedwa mosavuta kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kutentha. Cold anamva ndi powdery woyera zakuthupi. Akamanunkhiza ngati tchizi, ndiye kuti tisagwiritsenso ntchito chifukwa chawonongeka. Kilo imodzi ya guluu ozizira imasungunuka mu lita imodzi ndi theka mpaka malita awiri a madzi ndikuyambitsa mofatsa kwa pafupifupi theka la ola. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutentha kwa chipinda kuyenera kukhala 10°C ndipo madzi ayenera kukhala osachepera 20°C. Posakaniza, nthiti yozizira imakhala yokhuthala poyamba, koma ikasakaniza, imachepa, kotero sitiyenera kuthamangira kuwonjezera madzi poyambira. Pamalo a1 m2 m’pofunika kuthira 50 magalamu a putty ozizira mofanana. Minofu yozizira yokonzeka ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwa maola asanu.

zomatira zochokera pakupanga utomoni

Mitundu ingapo yatsopano ya guluu imapangitsa kuti ntchito yojowina matabwa ikhale yosavuta. Chodziwika bwino cha zomatirazi ndizosavuta kugwira nawo ntchito, komanso kukwera mtengo kwake.

Zomatira zomwe zimafala kwambiri potengera utomoni wopangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri za epoxy. Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, imauma mu 24h ndikupanga misa yoyera, yomwe imatha kudulidwa. Itha kupentidwa, koma ndiyokwera mtengo motero ndiyoyenera kumagwira ntchito zing’onozing’ono komanso zosalimba.

guluu wa Universal wotengera utomoni wopangira nawonso ndiwotetezeka. Zomangira mwamphamvu, mwachangu komanso kosatha: zadothi, matabwa, mapulasitiki, ma celluloid, zitsulo ndi zina zambiri. Guluu wa “oho” ndi wopanda poizoni, wowoneka bwino mwagalasi, wosalowa madzi ndipo amanunkhira bwino. Pamwamba pake payenera kukhala paukhondo ndi youma. Guluu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zonse ziwiri kuti azimangiriridwa, kufalikira pang’ono ndikudikirira kuti ziume pang’ono. Kenako malo onsewo amapanikizidwa ndikusiyidwa kwa mphindi zingapo. Guluu wouma umapanga wosanjikiza wopanda mtundu.

Kupaka guluu pamalo amatabwa okonzedwa.

Palinso zomatira zapadziko lonse lapansi zochokera kuzinthu zopangira monga Araldite, Boropor, ndi zina zambiri. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito zomatirazi, palibe malangizo apadziko lonse lapansi omwe angaperekedwe, koma tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo omwe amaphatikizidwa pa zomatira zilizonse. Makhalidwe odziwika bwino a zomatira zochokera ku utomoni wopangira ndizokuti ziyenera kuyikidwa mu zigawo zoonda motero zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumangiriza malo athyathyathya. Iwo si oyenera gluing matabwa akhakula, ndipo ndi okwera mtengo.

Njira zomatira nkhuni

Zochita zoyambira zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa pomatira nkhuni ndi: kuyeretsa kokwanira komanso kwabwino kwa zomangira za zidutswa zonse ziwiri zomwe zimamatira, ndikuyika guluu pamalo onse kuti amamatire ndikuyika mphamvu yokwanira pamalo omatira. Kuyanika kumafulumizitsa ndi chipinda chowuma komanso chofunda momwe gluing imachitika. Ndikofunikira kuyeretsa bwino guluu wofinyidwa pakati pa malo awiriwa podina.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pa kukanikiza, kukhwimitsa zinthu. Ngati n’kotheka, simuyenera kukanikiza molunjika pamalo oti mumamatire, koma chitani kupyolera mu zidutswa zomwe zimayikidwa kunja. Amafunika nsagwada kuti agwire. Kwa gluing zidutswa zing’onozing’ono, tebulo limodzi lokhala ndi bolodi lathyathyathya ndilokwanira, ndiye bolodi lothandizira, kenaka zidutswazo ziyenera kumangirizidwa ndi bolodi lothandizira. Mabuku ochepa olemera kapena njerwa zitha kukhala zolemetsa kwambiri.

Kucheka

Kusankha macheka ndi masamba

Kudula ndi kugawa ndi, pambuyo pa kugwedeza, ntchito yodziwika kwambiri. Choyamba tiyenera kusankha chida chodulira nkhuni - macheka. Popeza kuti msonkhano wapakhomo sungakhale wokonzeka ngati msonkhano wa akatswiri, tiyenera kusamala kuti tipeze macheka ofunikira (chithunzi 2).

Image 2 — Mitundu ya macheka, mbiri ya mano ndi malo ndi chiyambi cha kudula.

Podula matabwa okulirapo tidzapeza sache imodzi ya kalipentala yokhala ndi chimango. Kudula zidutswa zing’onozing’ono, timafunikira chocheka chamanja chokhala ndi masamba osinthika, ndipo pamapeto pake, chofunikira kwambiri ndi kukhala ndi macheka amanja okhala ndi chitsulo chachitsulo ndi masamba osinthika amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kwa macheka awa, tipereka mapepala ambiri amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pankhani ya macheka, kuwonjezera pa kukula kwa mano (kutalika kwa mano ndi: podula 3 mm, podula ma grooves 2mm, fine processing 1 mm) mbali ya mano imasinthanso. Pantchito zambiri, ngodya ya 90° ndiyoyenera kwambiri, chifukwa mano amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi fayilo yamakona atatu. Kuti tigwire bwino ntchito, tiyenera kukhala ndi pepala lokhala ndi mano pakona ya 110°. Hacksaw imathanso kuyikidwa muzitsulo zachitsulo. Mano nthawi zambiri amadzicheka okha, mwachitsanzo kukankha.

Onetsani ndikunola mano

Ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti mano a macheka, kuwonjezera pa kupendekera kumbali ya tsamba, amakhalanso ndi kupindika kwawo, mwachitsanzo, “splashes” omwe amasiyana ndi mapepala pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, pakudula masamba, amafika 2 makulidwe a pepala, pamasamba opukutira 1,5, ndi mapepala opapatiza 1,3 makulidwe a pepala. Kufalikira kwa mano kumatsimikizira kudula kosalala popanda kugwedeza tsamba muzinthu. Chida chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma prong, koma ndi chisamaliro chochulukirapo pliers yamphuno imatha kugwiranso ntchito. Ndi macheka omwe ali ndi swagger, ndiko. mano opindika kumanzere kumanja, zimakhala zovuta kuti ayambe kudula, chifukwa chake sizolakwika kuti woyambitsayo apange kudula koyambirira ndi chisel kapena macheka ndi swagger pang’ono. Ndi ichi, muyenera kupanga mabala awiri pafupi ndi mzake, chifukwa pepala lokhala ndi kufalikira kwakukulu silingathe kulowa mumtsinje wopapatiza. Ngati macheka atuluka, tiyenera kumangitsa tsamba la macheka mu vise ndikulinola ndi fayilo yamakona atatu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mano ayenera kukwezedwa, theka la centimita pamwamba pa nsagwada za mangel.

Kuvutana ndi malo amasamba

Masamba a chimango amatha kulimba ndi macheka a ukalipentala potembenuza silati pa chingwe, komanso ndi chitsulo chocheka mtedza popotoza mtedza wagulugufe. Kuphatikiza pa pepalali, imathanso kuzungulira mozungulira, mwachitsanzo, lipoti la ndege ya chimango. Katswiri nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi tsamba la 35° kumanja kwa chimango kuti awone bwino mzere womwe akuyenera kudula. Komabe, sitikupangira izi kwa oyamba kumene, chifukwa kugwira macheka pakona iyi kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu ndipo kumatopetsa dzanja. Zowona, palinso nthawi zina pomwe macheka awa ndi ofunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tsamba la macheka lisapotozedwe, mwachitsanzo, kuti macheka mbali zonse za chimango akhale ndi “kutengera” kofanana.

Cut Marking

Monga ntchito iliyonse, lamulo limagwira ntchito pa kudula: Yesani katatu kuti mudule kamodzi kokha! Ndi mmisiri yekha amene amazolowera nthawi yayitali angalole kuti ajambule chingwe cholembera ndendende kuti ayeze ndi kudulapo. Ndizolondola kwambiri kuti mzere woyezera uyenera kukhala pang’ono pamwamba pa muyeso weniweniwo, ndipo kudula kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupi ndi chizindikirocho, kuti mzere wolembera ukhale wowonekera ngakhale mutadula. Tisaiwale kuyika chizindikiro - jambulani gawo lomwe likugwa, kuti chifukwa cha kutembenuza zinthuzo, tisadutse mwangozi kumbali yomwe yatsalira, chifukwa pamenepa tidzapeza kachidutswa kakang’ono kuposa momwe timafunira.

Poika chizindikiro, timagwiritsa ntchito ngodya yachitsulo kapena yamatabwa (winkle). Tidzalembazo m’njira yoti potembenuza cholembacho ndi 180°, tidzayikanso mbali ina yazinthuzo. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndizotheka kupewa cholakwika chilichonse chomwe chingachitike chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa malo kapena kusagwira molakwika kwa zinthuzo. Ndipo ngati zisonyezo ziwirizo sizikufanana, njira yodulirayo idzajambulidwa pakati pawo.

Kuyambira ndi kutsogolera odulidwa

Tisanayambe kudula, tiyenera kugwira zinthuzo ndi dzanja lathu lamanzere kumanzere kwa mzere wodulira chizindikiro, kusunga chala chachikulu chopindika cha dzanja lamanzere m’mwamba ndikuyika tsamba la macheka pa chala chachikulu chokwezeka. Kenako timayamba kucheka (chithunzi 3, part 1).

Pansi pa chala chachikulu chizikhala 1,5 cm chokwera kuposa chomwe chimadulidwa, kuti mano a macheka asapse ndi chala chachikulu ngati tsambalo lidumpha mwangozi. Kwa opareshoni iyi, sikuli lingaliro loipa kuchita pang’ono, chifukwa kubwerezabwereza kwa macheka kumatha kutaya woyambitsa wodwala kwambiri mwanzeru, ndipo kukwiyitsidwa kapena kuponya chida sikubweretsa cholinga. Mukamadula koyamba, muyenera kugwira macheka momasuka ndikuyamba kudula pokokera machekawo kwa inu.

Image 3 — Kuyamba kwa kudula, kalozera wa macheka ndi malo a zinthu zothina.

Podula, tiyesetse kudula motsatira utali wonse wa sowo ndikuletsa macheka kuti asagwedezeke kumanzere ndi kumanja, mmwamba ndi pansi (chithunzi 3, gawo 2). Tsamba la macheka liyenera kupita mopingasa. Ngati titopa, timatulutsa macheka ndikupumula, chifukwa ndi dzanja lotopa, lopanda chidziwitso, kudula kudzakhala kolakwika, ndipo tikhoza kuchititsa kuti chidacho chisweke komanso ngakhale kudzivulaza tokha. Bolodi liyenera kusinthidwa kuti lisalende pa mangel komanso kuti limangidwe bwino (chithunzi 3, gawo 3).

Kumaliza ntchito ndi kukonza

Macheka osayanika kwambiri mano amatsekeka mosavuta mumitengo yonyowa. Zikatero, mafuta kapena sopo ayenera kuikidwa pa tsamba la macheka. Kudula kuyenera kuyendetsedwa poyandikira muyeso kuti musadutse mozama kuposa momwe mukufunira. Ngati tidula chidutswacho kwathunthu, zikwapu zomaliza ndi macheka ziyenera kuchitidwa momasuka kwambiri, pang’onopang’ono, kuti musagawanitse gawo lapansi la zinthuzo.

Upangiri wabwino: mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, tsamba la macheka lipake ndi girisi woteteza kuti lisachite dzimbiri, ndipo mano aziyang’ana pa chimango.

Mitu yofananira: makina ndi zida zopangira matabwa, masache a bandi, kubowola, kubowola ndi kukonza, ntchito ndi zenera la matabwa ndi kupanga khomo.