Izikulufu zezinkuni
Ngokwesimo sekhanda, singazihlukanisa zibe ngamaqembu amane amakhulu: isikulufu ngekhanda eliyindilinga (og); enekhanda elilengayo (ug); ngekhanda le-lenticular (sg) kanye nekhanda elingu-angular (Fig1). Amakhanda amaqembu amathathu okuqala ezikulufu zokhuni aklanywe futhi angakwazi ukugoqwa futhi angakulungi nge-screwdriver, kuyilapho iqembu lesine lezikulufa lisetshenziselwa ukwenza isikafula, likhulu, elinekhanda eliyi-hexagonal. Iyasonteka futhi iphenduke ngosizo lwesikrufu esivulekile. (Ekuhlanganiseni okuhlukanisekayo okhuni nakwezinye izinto, isikulufu siphinde sisetshenziswe ekubopheni izinto zokubopha ngentambo namantongomane (inadi) kanye nezikulufu zensimbi, ngakho-ke sizokwazi uma sikhuluma ngezikulufo zensimbi. Lesi sikulufu sinohlangothi oluhle lokuthi phambi kwekhanda laso eliyindilinga kunekhanda eliyisikwele, elingena ku-material lapho liqina futhi lingavumeli i-screw shaft ukuthi iphendulele).
Image 1 — Izimo zamakhanda nokumakwa kobukhulu bezikulufu zokhuni.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ukwakheka kwekhanda lesikulufu sokhuni kuhambisane nendawo yokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ngezindawo eziyisicaba, sizosebenzisa isikulufu esinekhanda eliphansi elingaphumi endizeni. Futhi izikulufu zokhuni zithengiswa ngekhilogremu, hhayi ngocezu. Izilinganiso zabo zinikezwa ngezinombolo eziphindwe kabili njengezinzipho, isibonelo 2 × 7 ug. Lokhu kubhekisela kusikulufu esinogqinsi 2 mm kanye nobude beshaft obungu-7 mm.
Ithebula elilandelayo linikeza izinhlobo zezikulufu ezinesisindo 1.000 sezingcezu kanye nenani lezikulufu kuphakheji evamile — hhayi isisindo sephakheji, njengoba kwakunjalo ngezinzipho.
| Isikulufu dimension | Isisindo 1.000 ucezu | Inombolo Yephakethe |
|---|---|---|
| 2 × 7 | 0,22 kg | 2.000 |
| 2,5 × 15 | 0,64 kg | 1.000 |
| 3,5 × 35 | 2,46 kg | 500 |
| 5 × 60 | 8,43 kg | 200 |
| 6 × 50 | 10,40 kg | 100 |
| 8×120 | 41,80 kg | 100 |
| 6×120, ikhanda le-angular | 49 kg | 50 |
| 10×130, ikhanda le-angular | 66,50 kg | 50 |
Ukulungiswa kwezinto kanye nokuvikela ngokuhlanganyela
Awukho umsebenzi wokuqala okufanele wenziwe lapho ushayela izipikili. Nokho, ukushayela izikulufu zokhuni, impahla kufanele ilungiswe ngokubhoboza imbobo enobubanzi obulingana nezingxenye ezintathu kwezine zobubanzi besikulufu kanye nengxenye yobude besikulufu esizosetshenziswa. Le “half-hole” iqondisa isikulufu futhi ivimbele ukhuni ukuthi lungaqhekeki (isikulufu sinentambo * eyikholi). Izimbobo ezincane zingabhobolwa ngokushayela isipikili esibe sesikhishwa.
Kubalulekile ukuthi iphoyinti nenotshi ekhanda eliyisikulufu kube endizeni efanayo. Kulula ukujika isikulufu esigcotshwe ngensipho ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Kubalulekile ukuthi ububanzi bebhodi okungenani110%ubude besikulufu (ngaphandle kwalapho sifuna isikulufu sibhoboze ibhodi nganoma yisiphi isizathu) ukuze ichopho lesikulufu lingadluli ebhodini. Ngokwesibonelo ebhodini ukushuba10 mmmasisebenzise, kuze kube sezingeni eliphezulu, 8 mmisikulufu sokhuni eside.
Ungasebenzisi isikulufu esigqwalile! Uma singenayo enye, endala kufanele igcotshwe ngamafutha. Ngemuva kokungena - ikakhulukazi ezintweni zokuhlobisa - gcoba ikhanda le-screw nge-varnish engenambala, ezovikela isikulufu futhi isivikele ekuvuleni.
Namathisela
Gluing kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokujoyina. Ifindo i-ejenti ebophezelayo eyaziwa isikhathi eside, ifindo elifudumele “elinoshukela”. Okusha kunalokhu inhlama ebandayo ye-“casein”. I-adhesive entsha iyingcina esekelwe kuma-synthetic resins.
Imizwa efudumele
Izwi elifudumele elingcono kakhulu litholakala ngengxube ethi 3:1 ithambo nesikhumba esizwakalayo. Itholakala kuma-slabs. Ingaphezulu lokuphuka kufanele liqhekeke, libe yigobolondo. Umbala awudlali indima ebalulekile, kodwa ibhodi kufanele libe namabhamuza ambalwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma amabala anamafutha avela ebusweni benhlama encibilikile, kuwuphawu lokuthi inhlama yonakalisiwe futhi akufanele isetshenziswe. Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uncibilikise ingcina eningi njengoba sizoyisebenzisa. Ake siqale sivumele ucezu lwenhlama ephukile lucwiliswe isigamu sosuku (ukuvela amachashaza anamafutha ebusweni bamanzi), bese sithela amanzi angaphezu kwenqwaba enamathelayo futhi inhlama iyancibilika ngokuphelele ngokuyishisisa ku-50-60°C. Kungcono ukubeka isidlo nge-tutkal esitsheni esikhulu samanzi bese usibeka esitofu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi alidluli ku-70°S ngokunyakaziswa njalo makuncibilike inhlama. Sifaka ungqimba olulinganayo lwe-putty endaweni elungiselelwe bese sicindezela izindawo zokhuni ezigcotshwe ngale ndlela ngokulinganayo phezu komunye nomunye. Indwangu ibophezela kumaminithi angu-5-25 m, futhi emagumbini omile, afudumele nangaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
I-casein paste ebandayo
Inhlama ye-casein ebandayo “isetha” kancane kakhulu. Iphumela ngaphandle kwe-blade yethuluzi lapho ingxenye enamathiselwe enamathiselwe ngomshini. Ngemuva kokulungiswa, ukunamathisela okubandayo kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokushesha. Ukubanda kushintsha umbala wezinto ezithile zokhuni. Iyakwazi ukumelana namanzi futhi ilungiselelwa kalula ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokushisa. I-Cold feeling iyimpuphu emhlophe. Uma sekunuka ushizi, akumele sisawusebenzisa ngoba sewonakele. Ikhilogremu eyodwa yeglue ebandayo incibilika ilitha nengxenye kuya kumalitha amabili amanzi ngokugqugquzela okumnene okungenani isigamu sehora. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa legumbi kufanele libe ngu-10°C futhi amanzi kufanele okungenani abe ngu-20°C. Lapho uxuba, inhlama ebandayo ishubile ekuqaleni, kodwa ngemva kokuyihlanganisa, iyancipha, ngakho akudingeki sijahe ukwengeza amanzi ekuqaleni. Endaweni engu-1 m2 kuyadingeka ukufaka 50 amagremu we-putty ebandayo ngokulinganayo. Izicubu ezibandayo ezilungisiwe zingasetshenziswa phakathi namahora amahlanu.
Izinamathiselo ezisekelwe kuma-synthetic resins
Izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezintsha zeglue zenza umsebenzi wokuhlanganisa ukhuni ube lula. Isici esivamile salezi glue ukusebenza kalula kwazo, kodwa futhi nenani eliphezulu.
I-adhesive esabalele kakhulu esekelwe kuma-synthetic resins i-epoxy yezingxenye ezimbili. Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, iyoma ngo-24h bese yenza inqwaba emhlophe, engasikwa. Ingapendiwa, kodwa iyabiza ngakho-ke ifanelekela imisebenzi emincane futhi ebucayi.
glue esekelwe kuma-synthetic resins nayo iphephile. Amabhondi aqinile, ngokushesha futhi unomphela: i-porcelain, izinkuni, amapulasitiki, i-celluloid, izinsimbi nokunye. Ingcina ye-“oho” ayinabo ubuthi, icwebile, ayinamanzi futhi inephunga elimnandi. Indawo okumele inamatheliswe kuyo kumele ihlanzeke futhi yome. I-glue isetshenziswa kuzo zombili izindawo ezizohlanganiswa, zisakaze kancane futhi zilinde ukuthi zome kancane. Khona-ke zombili izindawo ezingaphezulu ziyacindezelwa futhi zishiywe zicindezelwe imizuzu embalwa. Ingcina eyomisiwe yenza ungqimba oluncane olungenambala olungenambala.
Ukufaka iglu endaweni yokhuni elungisiwe.
Kuphinde kube nenani lezinto ezinamathelayo zomhlaba wonke ezisekelwe kuma-synthetic resins njenge-Araldite, Boropor, njll. Ukuze kusetshenziswe lezi zinamathiselo, akukho miyalo yendawo yonke enganikezwa, kodwa kufanele sisebenzise imiyalelo ngayinye enamathiselwe ku-adhesive ngayinye. Izici ezivamile zokunamathisela ezisekelwe kuma-synthetic resins ukuthi kufanele zisetshenziswe ezingqimbeni ezincane futhi ngakho-ke zingasetshenziswa kuphela ukuhlanganisa izindawo eziyisicaba. Awafanele ukunamathelisa amabhodi amaholo, futhi ayabiza.
Inqubo yokunamathisela ngokhuni
Imisebenzi eyisisekelo okufanele yenziwe lapho unamathisela ukhuni yilena: ukuhlanzwa okuphelele nokuhle kwendawo ebophayo yazo zombili izingcezu ezizonamathiselwa, kusetshenziswa ingcina ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo ukuze inamatheliswe futhi ifake ingcindezi eyanele ezindaweni ezinamathiselwe. Ukomisa kusheshisa ngekamelo elomile nelifudumele lapho i-gluing yenziwa khona. Kubalulekile ukuhlanza kahle ingcina ekhanyiwe phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ngokucindezela.
Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekucindezeleni, ekuqinisweni kwezinto. Uma kungenzeka, akufanele ucindezele ngokuqondile ezindaweni ezizonamathiselwa, kodwa ukwenze ngokusebenzisa izingcezu ezilahliwe ezibekwe ngaphandle. Badinga imihlathi ukuze babambe. Ukuze unamathisele izingcezu ezincane, itafula elilodwa elinebhodi eliyisicaba lanele, khona-ke ibhodi elisizayo, khona-ke izingcezu okufanele zihlanganiswe futhi futhi ibhodi elisizayo. Izincwadi ezimbalwa ezinzima noma izitini zingasebenza njengesisindo esicindezelayo.
Sawing
Ukukhethwa kwesaha nezinsimbi
Ukusika nokuhlukanisa, ngemva kokuhlehla, umsebenzi ovame kakhulu. Okokuqala kufanele sikhethe ithuluzi lokusika izinkuni - isaha. Njengoba ishabhu yasekhaya ingenakuhlonyiswa njengeshabhu lochwepheshe, kufanele sinake ukuthola amasaha adingeka kakhulu kuphela (isithombe 2).
Image 2 — Izinhlobo zamasaha, amaphrofayili wezinyo nezikhundla kanye nokuqala kokusikwa.
Ngokusika izingcezu ezinkulu zokhuni sizothola isaha elilodwa lombazi elinefreyimu. Ukusika izingcezu ezincane, sidinga isaha lesandla elinama-blade ashintshwayo, futhi ekugcineni, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesaha lesandla elinefreyimu yensimbi nama-blades ashintshwayo amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene. Kule saw sizohlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lamashidi amaphrofayili ahlukahlukene. Endabeni yama-saha blades, ngaphezu kobukhulu bamazinyo (ubude bamazinyo yilokhu: ukusika 3 mm, ukusika ama-grooves 2mm, ukucubungula okuhle 1 mm) i-engeli yamazinyo nayo iyashintsha. I-engeli engu-90° ifaneleka kakhulu emisebenzini eminingi, njengoba amazinyo ekwazi ukulolwa ngefayela elingunxantathu. Ngomsebenzi onemba kakhudlwana, kufanele sibe neshidi elinamazinyo nge-engeli engu-110°. Isihloli sensimbi singaphinda sifakwe ohlakeni lwensimbi. Amazinyo asaha ngokuvamile azisika ngokwawo, okungukuthi, ukusunduza.
Ukuveza nokulola amazinyo
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amazinyo e-saw, ngaphandle kokuthambekela ekuqondeni kwe-blade, abuye abe nokugoba kwawo, okungukuthi “ama-splashes” ahlukile kumashidi ngezinhloso ezahlukene. Ngakho, ekusikeni amashidi, abalelwa ku-2 ukujiya kweshidi, kumashidi agrooving 1,5, kanye namashidi amancane 1,3 ukujiya kweshidi. Ukusabalala kwamazinyo kuqinisekisa ukusika okubushelelezi ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa i-blade ezintweni. Ithuluzi elikhethekile lisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-prong, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okwengeziwe amapulangwe ekhala eliyisicaba nawo angasebenza. Ngesaha eline-swagger, okungukuthi. amazinyo agobe kwesokunxele kwesokudla, kunzima ukuqala ukusika, ngakho-ke akulungile ukuthi umuntu oqalayo enze ukusika kokuqala ngeshizolo noma isaha nge-swagger encane. Ngalesi, kufanele ngokushesha wenze ukusikeka okubili eduze komunye nomunye, ngoba ishidi elinokusabalalisa okukhulu ngeke likwazi ukungena emseleni omncane. Uma i-saw iphuma, sidinga ukuqinisa i-saw blade ku-vise futhi siyilole ngefayela elingunxantathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinyo kufanele aphakanyiswe, ingxenye yesentimitha ngaphezu kwemihlathi ye-mangal.
Ukungezwani nokuma kweshidi
Ama-blades wesaha lohlaka angaqiniswa ngesaha lokubaza ngokuphendula i-slat entanjeni, kanye nesaha lensimbi ngokusonta inadi lovemvane. Ngokungeziwe kuleli shidi, lingakwazi futhi ukuzungezisa i-eksisi, i.e. ukubika kusuka endizeni yozimele. Uchwepheshe ngokuvamile usebenza ngokuthambekela kwe-blade kokuthi 35° kwesokudla sohlaka ukuze abone kangcono umugqa okufanele asike kuwo. Kodwa-ke, asikuncomi lokhu kwabaqalayo, njengoba ukubamba isaha kule angle kudinga ukuzijwayeza okuthile, futhi kukhathaza kakhulu isandla. Yiqiniso, kukhona nezimo lapho lesi sikhundla sesaha sidingeka ekusebenzeni okuvamile.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-saha blade ingasonti, okungukuthi i-saha blade ezinhlangothini zombili zohlaka “inokuthambekela” okulinganayo.
Cut Marking
Njenganoma yimuphi umsebenzi, umthetho uyasebenza ekusikeni: Kala kathathu ukuze usike kanye kuphela! Yingcweti ekwazi ukuzilolonga isikhathi eside kuphela engazivumela ukuthi idwebe umugqa wokumaka ukuze iwulinganise futhi asike ngakuwo. Kulungile ukuthi umugqa wokulinganisa kufanele ube ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sangempela, futhi ukusika kufanele kwenziwe eduze kophawu, ukuze umugqa wokumaka uhlale ubonakala ngisho nangemva kokusika. Masingakhohlwa ukumaka - dweba ingxenye ewayo, ukuze ngenxa yokuguqula izinto, singaqedi ngephutha ohlangothini olusele, ngoba uma kunjalo sizothola ucezu oluncane kunalokho esikufunayo.
Ngokumaka, sisebenzisa i-engeli yensimbi noma yokhuni (i-winkle). Sizokwenza ukumaka ngendlela yokuthi ngokuphendula ucezu olumakiwe ngokuthi 180°, sizophinda siphawule uhlangothi oluphambene lwento. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukugwema noma yiliphi iphutha elingenzeka ngenxa yokungalingani kwezindawo ezingaphezulu noma ukubamba okungalungile kwento. Futhi uma izimpawu ezimbili zingahambisani, kuzodwetshwa indlela efanele yokusika phakathi kwakho.
Ukuqala nokuqondisa ukusika
Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale ukusika, kufanele sibambe into ngesandla kwesokunxele siye kwesokunxele somugqa wokusika omakiwe, sigcine isithupha esigobile sesandla sobunxele sibheke phezulu futhi simise i-blade yesaha esithupheni esiphakanyisiwe. Bese siqala ukusaha (isithombe 3, ingxenye 1).
Isisekelo sesithupha kufanele sibe phezulu 1,5 cm ngaphezu kwendawo esikwayo, ukuze amazinyo asaha angashisi isithupha uma inkaba igxuma ngephutha. Kulo msebenzi, akuwona umqondo omubi ukwenza umkhuba omncane, ngoba ukushaya ngokuphindaphindiwe kwesaha kungaphonsa oqalayo onesineke ngaphandle kobuhlakani, futhi ukucasuka noma ukuphonsa ithuluzi akuholeli emgomweni. Lapho wenza ukusika kokuqala, kufanele ubambe isaha ngokukhululeka bese uqala ukusika ngokudonsela isaha ngakuwe.
Image 3 — Ukuqala kokusikwa, umhlahlandlela wesaha nendawo yento ecishiwe.
Uma sisika, kufanele sizame ukusika bonke ubude besaha futhi sigcine isaha lingajikijeli kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, phezulu naphansi (isithombe 3, ingxenye 2). I-saw blade kufanele ihambe ngokuvundlile. Uma sikhathele, sikhipha isaha futhi siphumule, ngoba ngesandla esikhathele, esingenalwazi, ukusika kuyoba okungalungile, futhi singabangela ithuluzi ukuba liphule futhi lize silimaze. Ibhodi kufanele lilungiswe ukuze lingalengi ku-mangel futhi kufanele liboshwe kahle (isithombe 3, ingxenye 3).
Ukuqedwa komsebenzi nokulungiswa
Isaha elinamazinyo angasakazeki kancane libhajwa kalula okhunini olumanzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amafutha noma insipho kufanele ifakwe ku-blade yesaha. Ukusika kufanele kulawulwe lapho usondela esilinganisweni ukuze ungenzi ukusika okujulile kunalokho okufunayo. Uma sinquma ucezu ngokuphelele, imivimbo yokugcina nge-saw kufanele yenziwe ngokukhululekile, kancane kancane, ukuze ingahlukanisi ingxenye engezansi yezinto.
Iseluleko esihle: ngemva kokusetshenziswa, i-blade yesaha kufanele igcotshwe ngamafutha okuvikela ukuze ingagqwali, futhi amazinyo kufanele abhekane nohlaka.
Izihloko ezihlobene: imishini yokwenza ukhuni namathuluzi, amasaha, ukuchofa, ukubhola nokupulana, izinkonzo kanye newindi lokukhiqiza lezingodo umnyango.