Itace sukurori, gluing da sawing

Wood sukurori

Dangane da siffar kai, zamu iya rarraba su zuwa manyan kungiyoyi hudu: dunƙule tare da kai mai zagaye (og); tare da faɗuwar kai (ug); tare da kai lenticular (sg) kuma tare da kai mai kusurwa (Fig1). An tsara shugabannin ƙungiyoyin farko na uku na katako na katako kuma za’a iya zana su kuma za’a iya cire su tare da screwdriver, yayin da rukuni na hudu na screws ana amfani da su don zane-zane, ya fi girma, tare da kai mai hexagonal. Yana murɗawa da juyawa tare da taimakon maƙarƙashiya mai buɗewa. (Don haɗin gwiwa da za a iya cirewa a cikin itace da sauran kayan, ana amfani da dunƙule don ɗaure kayan aiki tare da zare da goro (na goro) da kuma sukurori don ƙarfe, don haka za mu san shi idan muka yi magana game da sukurori don ƙarfe.

Hoto1- Siffofin kawunansu da alamar girman kusoshi na itace.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa siffar katako na katako ya dace da wurin amfani. Misali, tare da filaye masu lebur, za mu yi amfani da dunƙule tare da kai mai kitse wanda baya fitowa daga jirgin. Kuma ana sayar da kusoshi na itace da kilogram, ba da guntu ba. Ana ba da ma’aunin su a lambobi biyu kamar yadda tare da kusoshi, misali2×7ug. Wannan yana nufin kauri na dunƙule2 mmda tsayin itace7 mm.

Tebur mai zuwa yana nuna nau’ikan sukurori tare da nauyi1.000ta adadin nau’i-nau’i da screws a cikin kunshin da aka saba - ba ta nauyin nauyin kunshin ba, kamar yadda ya kasance tare da kusoshi.

Shirye-shiryen kayan aiki da kariya ta haɗin gwiwa

Bai kamata a yi aikin farko ba yayin tuki ƙusoshi. Duk da haka, don fitar da katako na itace, dole ne a shirya kayan ta hanyar hako rami tare da diamita daidai da kashi uku na diamita na dunƙule da rabin tsawon tsayin da za a yi amfani da shi. Wannan “rabi-rami” yana jagorantar dunƙule kuma yana hana itacen tsagewa (ƙuƙuman yana da zaren conical \ *). Ana iya haƙa ƙananan ramuka ta hanyar tuƙi a cikin ƙusa wanda aka cire.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa batu da madaidaicin kan dunƙulewa suna cikin jirgin sama ɗaya. Yana da sauƙi a juya dunƙule wanda aka shafa da sabulu kafin amfani. Yana da mahimmanci cewa nisa na allon ya kasance aƙalla110%tsayin dunƙule (sai dai idan muna son dunƙule ta huda allon akan kowane dalili) don kada titin dunƙule ya bi ta cikin allo. Misali a cikin allon kauri10 mmbari mu yi amfani, zuwa matsakaicin, 8 mmdogon itace dunƙule.

Kada ku yi amfani da dunƙule mai tsatsa! Idan kuma ba mu da wata, sai a shafe tsohon da mai. Bayan yin dunƙule-musamman don kayan ado - rufe kan dunƙule tare da varnish mara launi, wanda baya ga kare dunƙule, kuma zai ba da kariya daga kwancewa.

Dankowa

Mannawa hanya ce ta gama gari ta shiga. Knot sanannen wakili ne mai ɗauri, mafi daidaitaccen kulli mai dumin “mai cin abinci”. Sabo fiye da wannan shine kullu “casein” mai sanyi. Sabbin mannewa shine mannewa bisa ga resins na roba.

Ji dadi

Mafi kyawun kullu mai dumi yana samuwa tare da cakuda3:1kashi da fata nama. Akwai a cikin slabs. Ya kamata a tsattsage saman karayar, harsashi. Launi ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, amma dole ne hukumar ta sami ’yan kumfa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Idan tabo mai maiko sun bayyana a saman kullun da aka narke, to alama ce da ke nuna cewa kullun ya lalace kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba. Ya kamata koyaushe ku narke gwargwadon manne kamar yadda za mu yi amfani da su. Da farko mu bar gutsuttsuran kullu ya jiƙa rabin yini (tabo masu kitse sun bayyana a saman ruwan), sannan a zubar da ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri da aka samu ta wannan hanyar sannan a dumama shi.50-60°Cbari kullu ya narke gaba daya. Zai fi kyau a sanya tasa tare da tutkal a cikin babban kwano na ruwa da kuma sanya shi a kan murhu. Tabbatar cewa zafin ruwa bai wuce ba70°S, tare da motsawa akai-akai, bari batter ya narke. Muna yin amfani da madaidaicin ma’auni na putty a kan shirye-shiryen da aka shirya da kuma danna saman katako da aka shafa ta wannan hanya a ko’ina a kan juna. Saƙar ya ɗaure zuwa5-25 minuta, kuma a bushe, dakuna masu dumi tun kafin ƙarshen lokacin.

Sanyi casein manna

Cold casein kullu “yana saita” a hankali. Yana fitowa gefen kayan aiki lokacin da aka ƙera ɓangaren manne. Bayan shiri, dole ne a yi amfani da manna mai sanyi nan da nan. Ciwon sanyi yana canza launin wasu kayan itace. Yana da tsayayya da ruwa kuma yana da sauƙin shirya don amfani ba tare da dumama ba. Cold ji abu ne mai farin foda. Idan yana wari kamar cuku, to kada mu ƙara amfani da shi saboda ya lalace. Kilo guda na manne sanyi ana narkewa a cikin lita daya da rabi zuwa lita biyu na ruwa tare da motsawa a hankali na akalla rabin sa’a. A lokaci guda, zafin jiki na dakin dole ne ya kasance10°Cda ruwa akalla 20°C. Idan ana hadawa, bawon sanyi yana da kauri da farko, amma bayan ya gauraya sai ya fita, don haka kada mu yi gaggawar zuba ruwa tun da farko. Domin yanki na1 m2 wajibi ne50shafa gram na sanyi ji daidai. Ana iya amfani da kayan sanyi da aka shirya a cikin sa’o’i biyar a mafi yawan.

Adhesives dangane da resins na roba

Sabbin nau’ikan manne da yawa suna sa aikin haɗa itace cikin sauƙi. Alamar gama gari na waɗannan manne shine sauƙin aiki tare da su, amma har ma mafi girman farashi.

Mafi yaɗuwar manne da ya dogara akan resins na roba shine epoxy mai kashi biyu. A dakin da zafin jiki yana bushewa24h da kuma samar da wani farin taro, wanda za a iya yanke. Ana iya fentin shi, amma yana da tsada kuma saboda haka kawai ya dace da ƙananan ayyuka masu mahimmanci.

Manne na duniya bisa ga resins na roba shima yayi kyau. Haɗin kai da ƙarfi, da sauri da dindindin: ain, itace, robobi, celluloid, karafa da ƙari. “oho” manne ba mai guba bane, kristal bayyananne, mai hana ruwa ruwa kuma yana da kamshi mai daɗi. Yanayin da za a liƙa dole ne ya zama mai tsabta kuma ya bushe. Ana shafa manne a saman duka biyun don mannewa, yada shi a hankali sannan a jira ya bushe kadan. Sa’an nan kuma ana danna dukkan bangarorin biyu kuma a bar su a danna don wasu mintuna. Busassun manne yana samar da fim na bakin ciki mara launi.

A shafa gam a saman katakon da aka shirya.

There are also a number of universal adhesives based on synthetic resins such as Araldite, Boropor, etc. For the use of these adhesives, no universal instructions can be given, but we must use the individual instructions attached to each adhesive. Halayen gama-gari na manne da suka dogara da resins na roba shine cewa dole ne a yi amfani da su a cikin siraran siraran sabili da haka za a iya amfani da su kawai don haɗa saman filaye. Ba su dace da gluing m allon, kuma suna da tsada.

Hanyar gluing itace

Ayyuka na asali waɗanda dole ne a yi lokacin gluing itace: gaba ɗaya kuma da kyau tsaftace farfajiyar haɗin gwiwar guda biyu da za a liƙa, a ko’ina a yi amfani da manne a duk faɗin da kuma yin amfani da isasshen matsa lamba zuwa saman manne. Ana ƙara bushewa da bushewa da ɗaki mai dumi wanda aka yi gluing. Yana da mahimmanci don tsaftace manne da aka danna tsakanin saman biyu.

Dole ne a biya kulawa ta musamman don dannawa, ƙarfafa kayan. Idan za ta yiwu, kada ku danna kai tsaye a kan saman da za a liƙa, amma ku yi ta cikin guntun da aka sanya a waje. Suna buƙatar muƙamuƙi don kamawa. Don gluing ƙananan ɓangarorin, tebur ɗaya tare da allo mai lebur ya isa, sannan allon taimako, sa’an nan guntun da za a liƙa da sake allo. Littattafai masu nauyi ko tubali na iya zama matsi mai nauyi.

Sashe

Zaɓin zato da ruwan wukake

Yankewa da rarrabuwa shine, bayan riveting, mafi yawan aiki. Da farko dole ne mu zaɓi kayan aiki don yankan itace - saw. Tun da bitar gida ba zai iya zama kayan aiki kamar ƙwararrun ƙwararru ba, dole ne mu mai da hankali don samun kawai mafi mahimmancin saws (hoto).2).

Hoto2- Nau’in saws, bayanan martaba da matsayi na hakora da farkon yanke.

Don yankan manyan guntuka na itace za mu sami maƙeran kafinta ɗaya tare da firam. Don yanke ƙananan ƙananan, muna buƙatar hannun hannu tare da wukake masu maye gurbin, kuma a ƙarshe, abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne samun hannun hannu tare da firam ɗin karfe da kuma maye gurbin bayanan martaba daban-daban. Don wannan gani za mu samar da babban adadin zanen gado na daban-daban profiles. Don magudanar ruwa banda girman haƙori (tsawon haƙori shine: don yanke3 mm, don yankan tsagi2mm, aiki mai kyau 1 mm) kusurwar hakora kuma suna canzawa. Don yawancin ayyuka, kusurwa mafi dacewa daga90°, saboda ana iya kaifi haƙora da fayil ɗin triangular. Don ƙarin madaidaicin aiki, ya kamata mu sami takarda tare da hakora a kusurwar110°. Hakanan ana iya shigar da ma’aunin ƙarfe a cikin firam ɗin ƙarfe. Haƙoran gani yakan yanke da kansu, watau. turawa.

Nunawa da kaifin hakora

Ya kamata a lura cewa hakoran gani, baya ga karkata zuwa wajen ruwa, suma suna da nasu lankwasa, watau “splash” wadanda suka bambanta a zanen gado don dalilai daban-daban. Saboda haka, don yankan zanen gado, sun kai 2 takardar kauri, don tsagi zanen gado 1,5, kuma ga kunkuntar zanen gado 1,3 takardar kauri. Yaduwar hakora yana tabbatar da yanke santsi ba tare da lalata ruwa a cikin kayan ba. Ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don yin prongs, amma tare da ƙarin kulawa lebur-hanci na iya aiki. Da zato wanda ke da swagger, wato. lankwasa hakora na hagu-dama, yana da wuya a fara yankan, don haka ba kuskure ba ne ga mafari ya yi farkon yanke da chisel ko gani da ɗan swagger. Tare da wannan, ya kamata ku yi yanke guda biyu daidai kusa da juna, saboda takardar da ya fi girma ba zai iya shiga cikin kunkuntar tsagi ba. Idan ganuwar ta tsaya, muna buƙatar ƙara magudanar ruwa a cikin vise da kaifafa shi da fayil ɗin triangular. A lokaci guda kuma, a ɗaga haƙora, rabin centimita sama da muƙaƙƙun mangel.

Tashin hankali da matsayi

Za a iya ɗaure ruwan wukake na firam ɗin tare da injin kafinta ta hanyar juya slat a kan igiya, kuma tare da firam ɗin ƙarfe ta hanyar murɗa goro na malam buɗe ido. Baya ga wannan takardar, kuma tana iya jujjuya axis, watau rahoto daga jirgin sama. Kwararre yakan yi aiki tare da karkatar ruwa na 35° zuwa dama na firam domin ya fi ganin layin da zai yanke. Duk da haka, ba mu bayar da shawarar wannan ga masu farawa ba, kamar yadda rike da sawdust a wannan kusurwa yana buƙatar wasu ayyuka, kuma ya fi gajiya ga hannun. Gaskiya ne, akwai kuma yanayi lokacin da wannan matsayi na saw ya zama dole don aiki na yau da kullum.

Yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa ba za a karkatar da zaren ba, watau mashin da ke bangarorin biyu na firam din yana da daidai “karkatarwa”.

Yanke Marking

Kamar kowane aiki, ƙa’idar ta shafi yanke: Auna sau uku don yanke sau ɗaya kawai!“. Ma’aikaci mai tsayi mai tsayi zai iya ba da damar kansa ya zana layin alamar daidai don aunawa kuma ya yanke tare da shi. kar a yanke da gangan daga gefen da ya rage, domin a cikin wannan yanayin za mu sami ɗan ƙaramin yanki fiye da yadda muke so.

Don yin alama, muna amfani da ƙarfe ko kusurwar katako (winkle). Za mu yi alamar ta yadda ta hanyar juya yanki mai alama don180° kuma yi alama a gefe na kayan. Ta wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a guje wa duk wani kuskure da zai faru saboda rashin daidaituwa na saman ko riƙe kayan da ba daidai ba. Kuma idan alamomin biyu ba su daidaita ba, za a zana alkiblar yankan da ta dace a tsakaninsu.

Farawa da jagorantar yanke

Kafin mu fara yankan, muna buƙatar ɗaukar kayan tare da hannun hagu zuwa hagu na layin yankan da aka yi alama, yayin da muke riƙe babban yatsan yatsan hannun hagu a sama kuma muna kwantar da igiyar gani a babban babban yatsan hannu. Sa’an nan kuma mu fara sawing (Fig3, sashi1).

Tushen babban yatsan ya kamata ya zama ido1,5 cmsama da saman da ake yankewa, don kada haƙoran gani su ƙone babban yatsa lokacin da ruwa ya yi billa da gangan. Don wannan aiki, ba mummunan ra’ayi ba ne a yi ɗan ƙaramin aiki, saboda maimaita bouncing na zato na iya jefa mafari mafi haƙuri daga dabara, kuma yin fushi ko yiwuwar jefa kayan aiki ba zai kai ga manufa ba. Lokacin yin yankan farko, ya kamata a riƙa zato a hankali kuma a fara yanke ta hanyar ja zaren zuwa gare ku.

Hoto3- Farkon yanke, jagorar gani da matsayi na kayan da aka ƙulla.

Lokacin yankan, ya kamata mu yi ƙoƙari mu yanke tare da dukan tsawon tsayin zagi kuma mu kiyaye zawar daga lilo hagu da dama, sama da ƙasa (hoto.3, sashi2). Wurin gani ya kamata ya tafi a kwance. Idan mun gaji, muna fitar da zato kuma mu huta, domin tare da gajiya, hannun da ba a sani ba, yankan ba zai zama daidai ba, kuma za mu iya sa kayan aiki ya karye har ma da raunata kanmu. Allo ya kamata a ajiye shi don kada ya rataya a jikin mangel kuma a matse shi da kyau (hoto).3, sashi3).

Kammala aiki da kulawa

Zato mai ƙarancin yaɗuwar haƙora cikin sauƙi yana matsewa a itacen rigar. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ya kamata a shafa maiko ko sabulu a kan ruwan zato. Ya kamata a kula da yanke lokacin da yake kusa da ma’auni don kada a yi zurfin yanke fiye da yadda ake so. Idan muka yanke yanki gaba daya, motsi na ƙarshe tare da saw ya kamata a yi shi sosai a hankali, a hankali, don kada a raba ƙananan ɓangaren kayan.

Kyakkyawan tip: bayan yin amfani da shi, ya kamata a shafa ruwan tsintsiya tare da man shafawa mai kariya don hana shi daga tsatsa, kuma hakora ya kamata su fuskanci firam.

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa: injuna da kayan aikin itace, band saws, chiseling, drilling and planing, sabis da taga da kuma kofa masana’antu.