Mitundu ya matabwa
Woodworking imapangidwa makamaka ndi makina osiyanasiyana opangira matabwa. Zida zopangira matabwa pamanja zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandizira kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyendetsa zinthu muzitsulo, ndi zina zotero. Pali mitundu yotsatirayi yopangira matabwa pamakina: kudula, kucheka, mphero, boring, kubowola, planing ndi mchenga (Fig. 1). Macheka a chimango, macheka ozungulira ndi mfundo, mipeni yodulira ndi kupala, zodulira mphero, kubowola, unyolo, tchisi ndi sandpaper zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zodulira, kudula ndi kusalaza.
Chithunzi 1 — Mitundu ya matabwa: a - kudula; b - kudula; c - kutentha; d - kugaya; e - kuchotsa; f - kugaya.
Mabala ndi ngodya zawo
Zida zodulira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nkhuni, nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi wedges imodzi kapena zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mano a chimango, zozungulira ndi gulu macheka, masamba a scraper mipeni, mano odula mphero, etc. iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe lakuthwa wedges kuti kudula. Kuti masamba ooneka ngati mpherowa athe kudula matabwa ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kuti apereke khalidwe lokwanira lokonzekera, m’pofunika kuti likhale ndi ngodya ina ya ulusi wamatabwa ndikukhala ndi kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Pazida zodulira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa, pali ngodya zotsatirazi: mbali yodulira, yomwe imatanthauzidwa ndi chilembo δ, chowongolera - ndi chilembo β, kutsogolo - ndi chilembo γ, kumbuyo - ndi chilembo α. Kuchuluka kwa ngodya yakumbuyo ndi ngodya yakuthwa nthawi zonse kumapereka ngodyaδ = α + β(chith.2).
Chithunzi2- Zinthu zam’mwamba za tsamba.
Kuti tikwaniritse ukhondo wapamwamba wa matabwa pamwamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito pang’ono ntchito yodula, m’pofunika kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yodulira, kukulitsa ngodya, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kudula ngodya malinga ndi mtundu wa nkhuni, chinyezi chake ndi njira yodulira. Monga ngodya yaing’ono kwambiri, ngodya ya30°; mbali ya kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka mpeni kapena kumbuyo kumatengedwa10-15°; mbali yodula imatengedwa45-74°.
Kudulira kolowera ku ulusi
Molingana ndi njira yodulira yokhudzana ndi ulusi wamatabwa, pali njira zitatu zazikuluzikulu zodula: kutsogolo, kotalika komanso kodutsa (mkuyu 3). Kudulira koyera, kopingasa komanso kutsogolo sikuchitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa mpeni nthawi ya ntchito umakhala pa ngodya inayake ku matabwa.
Image 3 - Malo atatu odula nkhuni: a - kutsogolo; b - kutalika; c - pingasa.
Kunola kwa zida
Chida chodulira chimanoleredwa pazida zapadera zonolera kapena pamanja, chifukwa chida chodulira, chitatha kunola, chiyenera kusunga mawonekedwe apachiyambi ndi zinthu zofananira nazo.
Mitu yofananira: macheka agulu, makina ocheka ozungulira, matabwa osokera ndi matabwa olimba, matabwa ndi kupanga mawindo a matabwa khomo.