Imishini Esebenza Kagesi Yokubhoboza
I-drill kagesi, ingahlonywa amakhanda ahlukene okusebenza, noma ingasetshenziswa njengenjini yokushayela kwezinye izinhlobo zamathuluzi omshini. Eqinisweni, umehluko phakathi kwe-drill enekhanda elisebenzayo kanye nomshini oshayelwa umshini wokubhoboza njengento ehamba phambili uhlelekile ngokuphelele. Umbuzo obalulekile, nokho, inzuzo yezomnotho, indawo edingekayo, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa. Injini enezici ezifanayo njenge-drill ithatha indawo encane, kodwa intengo yayo iphezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma singayidingi kokubili imisebenzi engenzeka yokugaya ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nemoto eyodwa kuphela - i-drill motor kagesi kanye nochungechunge lwamathuluzi nemishini ngaphandle kwemoto ehambisanayo.
Bese singasebenzisa, kuye ngesidingo, noma i-drill kanjalo, noma i-drill njengengxenye yokushayela yethuluzi lomshini.
Isaha lembobo noma isaha lembobo
Isaha lembobo (noma isaha lembobo) ingeyokuqala engabizwa ngokuthi “ithuluzi lomshini elingenayo injini yokushayela”, uma sicabanga ngokuhlukaniswa kwamathuluzi ngokuvamile, abe amathuluzi esandla namathuluzi omshini. Lona umshini oguqula ukunyakaza kwenjini kube ukunyakaza okushintshanayo, okuqondile okuya phezulu kwesaha.
Umhloli, ubude obusuka kokuthi 10 ukuya kokuthi 15 cm, bunamathiselwe kumagayidi akhona aqondile. Ngokubeka i-drill ebhodini noma ebhodini lokhuni, futhi ngokucindezela kusuka phezulu ukuze amazinyo abambezeleke ukhuni, singasika izinkuni zifike ku-40 millimeters, kanye nensimbi ifike ku-2–3 millimeters (uma sikhweza isaha blade elinamazinyo amancane ensimbi). Lolu hlobo lomshini lungabuye lufakwe izitobhi zensimbi ezenza ukusika kuhambisane nomkhawulo webhodi noma ipuleti. Uma kungenjalo, sisebenzisa i-hole saw ukusika imibuthano (uma ingeye-arc enkulu) ecutshungulwa kamuva kahle kakhulu namanye amathuluzi. I-jigsaw ayithathi isikhala esiningi, ayibizi, futhi kulula futhi ayinangozi ukuyisebenzisa, nakuba ihamba kancane, ikakhulukazi uma sisika izinto eziqinile noma insimbi.
Isaha lembobo liguqula ukunyakaza kokubhoboza kube ukunyakaza kwe-rectilinear yeblade.
Isaha esiyindilinga
Singakwazi futhi ukuxhuma isaha encane eyindilinga (circular) ku-drill kagesi, elungele ukusika amabhodi okhuni namapulangwe (kodwa ngendlela eqondile kuphela), amabhodi epulasitiki, amapuleti ensimbi angewona ayoni amancane, njll. Umshini uqukethe idiski ephethe isaha esiyindilinga, isitendi esingashintshi esinesembozo esisivikelayo esisivumela ukuba sibambe isivikelo sedivayisi yonke. ipuleti noma ibhodi.
Isivinini sokusika siphezulu kakhulu kunesaha eliphindaphindayo, kodwa kufanele silisebenzise ngokucophelela. Uma iphathwa ngendlela engafanele, ingaphuma esandleni sethu (iphinde ibuyele entweni okudingeka siyinqamule) futhi isilimaze kabi. Kuyenzeka futhi iphule, ilahle izingcezu zensimbi (ngisho nadlula ikhava yokuzivikela) ezingakulimaza kalula.
Futhi kukhona okuthiwa amasaha “okubalulekile”, okungukuthi ithuluzi elizimele ngaphandle kokubhoboza, futhi elinezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ngenxa yesihlibhi esishintsha umthambeka, singakwazi ukusika i-longitudinal, ukusikeka okuphambanayo kanye nokusikeka nge-engeli. Singaphinde sibeke isaha esiyindilinga ebhentshini lokusebenza, njengoba sike sayinamathisela epuleti lensimbi elifanelekile elingalungiselelwa ukujula nokuthambekela. Ngaleyo ndlela isaha alibi yingozi kangako, ngoba iyona nto esiyinyakazayo. Noma, lapho lingekho ibhentshi lomsebenzi, singalivikela epuletini lensimbi ngokwalo ngemilenze emine, ukuze lisasebenza njengesaha letafula langempela. Ngenxa yejubane layo eliphezulu, isaha esiyindilinga sinikeza ukusebenza okudlula kude izidingo zekhaya.
Amasaha ahlukahlukene angafakwa, ngokuvamile enziwe ngensimbi ekhethekile, kuye ngento ezosikwa. Nazi izibonelo zama-saha izindwani ezivame kakhulu:
- ama-blades ane-medium serrations okhuni oluthambile noluqinile;
- amashidi anezinhlamvu ezinhle zokhuni oluqinile futhi oluthambile, i-plywood, iphaneli nezinto zepulasitiki, iphaneli embozwe ngepulasitiki, i-bakelite, i-cellulose, i-plexiglass, izinsimbi ezingezona ayoni nokunye; ama-blades alolu hlobo afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukusika ngokumelene nohlamvu lwezinkuni;
- ama-blade anama-serrations abanzi futhi aqiniswe ngezinsimbi eziqinile, zokusika ukhuni oluqinile olucindezelwe namapulasitiki aqinile aqiniswe ngemicu yengilazi;
- idiski yokusika izitini, ingunaphakade, izinto zensimbi ezisansimbi, izitsha zobumba, amatshe nezinto ezifanayo.
Isaha eliyindilinga elihloselwe ukusikwa okuqondile kwamapuleti namabhodi.
Ibhendi isaha
Lo mshini ususelwa emshinini osetshenziswa ezimbonini, ikakhulukazi owokubaza nomsebenzi wokubaza. Iqukethe ama-pulleys amabili noma ngaphezulu anobubanzi obukhudlwana (ngaphezu kwengxenye yemitha yemishini yezimboni futhi emincane kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe yizimfundamakhwela) anemishayo ebekwe ngokuvundlile kumabhereni ami eyodwa ngaphezu komunye. Enye yama-reel ishayelwa i-drill kagesi, noma i-motor kakade eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ibhendi isaha amaslayidi phezu kwamarola anendingilizi evaliwe yokunyakaza. Ipuleti lensimbi lifakwa phakathi nomshini, lapho siphusha khona into (imvamisa amabhodi) ngesikhathi sokusika. Ama-reels avikelwe ngesembozo, futhi ingxenye evulekile yesaha incishisiwe, ukuze kuphephe, kuze kube buncane obudingekayo. Imishini yalolu hlobo, emikhulu impela kumuntu ongenalo indawo yokusebenzela, ivame ukusetshenziswa abantu abahlala ezindlini ezihlukene futhi abavame ukusebenza ngokhuni, isibonelo, lapho benza uthango lwe-Ietava, ukwenza amaphansi ophahleni, ukwenza amashedi okugcina imishini yasengadini, njll. Umshini, empeleni, unokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu futhi ulungiselwe ngokukhethekile ukusika amapuleti amade ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili amabhodi amabhodi amade angaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa nge-jigsaw, isaha eliyindilinga elibekwe etafuleni lomsebenzi, noma ngesandla, kodwa kungadinga isikhathi esiningi kakhulu. Ema-cottages, i-saw yalolu hlobo ingasetshenziswa futhi ukusika izingodo zeziko noma izitofu - umsebenzi omningi, kodwa ongeke wenziwe namanye ama-saha.
Muva nje, kukhona namamodeli amancane athengiswayo, anesaha yobubanzi obuncane, lapho ukusikeka okuyindilinga kungenziwa futhi, uma i-arc ingencane kakhulu. Imishini yalolu hlobo, enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayishumi, uma ifakwe ishidi elifanele lebhande, ingasetshenziselwa ukusika insimbi ngamabhulokhi anobukhulu obukhulu.
Isaha yebhendi ene-blade evaliwe eslayida phezu kwamarola.
Vibrating sander
I edlidlizayo (igrinder) inganikezwa njengomshini ophelele noma njengesinamathiseli sokubhoboza ugesi. Esimeni kukhona okunamathiselwe okujikelezayo kwe-eccentric kokuprakthiza okuguqula ukunyakaza okuzungezayo kube ukudlidliza okudluliselwa ematheni edivayisi. I-sandpaper, yosayizi ofanele, inamathiselwe ematheni e-sander.
Sisebenzisa isihlabathi esidlidlizayo ngokusibeka endaweni yokhuni noma yensimbi futhi ngokukhanya, ngisho nokunyakaza, sidlula ingxenye nengxenye. Ukugcotshwa kwesihlabathi kuyikilasi lokuqala futhi kungaba kuhle kakhulu kuye ngokuthi i-grit ye-sandpaper. Uma kungenjalo, i-sandpaper kufanele ishintshwe njalo. Umshini ulula futhi uphephile ukusebenzisa futhi awudingi mzamo omkhulu.
I-Belt Sander
Phakathi kokunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili kokubhobolwa kwamandla, insimbi yebhande (sander) iphakathi nendawo phakathi kwesander sokudlidliza kanye ne-disc sander. Eyokuqala yale mishini, evame ukusebenza kancane, yenza ukucutshungulwa (uku-ayina nokupholishwa) kokhuni noma izindawo zokusebenza zensimbi. I-sander ene-disc ejikelezayo isebenza ngamandla amaningi futhi ingasetshenziswa ukususa amadiphozithi ahlukahlukene aqinile, izinsalela zeglue okhunini, njll., kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ilungele ukusebenza ngensimbi, ukususa ama-shavings, ukuvumelanisa izingxenye ezishiselwe, imiphetho ebukhali, imiphetho ebukhali, ukulungiselela indawo engaphezulu, ibanike i-crease ethile ukuze banamathele kangcono ngesikhathi sokunamathisela nokudweba. I-sander yebhande isebenza ngamandla amaningi kune-vibrating, kodwa ngaphansi kwe-disc sander. Uma ibanjwe ngezandla ezimbili, ingasetshenziswa futhi njengomshini we-sanding ohambahambayo wokhuni nensimbi, emaphethelweni abuthuntu kanye nemiphetho ebukhali, ukulinganisa ukungalingani ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi kwangaphambilini.
Singakwazi futhi ukuyinamathisela etafuleni lomsebenzi, uma sifuna uku-ayina, ukugaya, ukupholisha izinsimbi ezincane nezinosayizi omaphakathi noma izingxenye zokhuni. Kulesi simo, asicindezeli umshini futhi asiwuhambisani nento, kodwa sibeka into ngokwayo ebhandeni elijikelezayo. Lolu hlobo lwe-sander luqukethe isisekelo, esingagxilwa ku-workbench, ukubamba izibambo (uma sifuna ukuthi ihambe), namasondo amabili abanzi enziwe ngama-alloys akhanyayo, agxilwe esisekelweni somshini. Enye yama-reel inokuxhumana kwe-drill kagesi, noma enye injini yayo. I-reel yamahhala ingasondezwa eduze noma kude kakhulu kusetshenziswa idivayisi yokucindezela, ngesikhathi esifanayo ivumela ukushintshwa kwe-tape futhi ivimbele, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ekuphumeni kwama-reels.
I-sander yebhande ingasetshenziswa njengomshini weselula noma wedeskithophu.
Ibhentshi lokugaya elinediski yobuso
Futhi leli thebula (elilungisiwe) lokugaya elinediski yobuso lingatholwa njengesinamathiseli sokubhoboza ugesi, noma njengomshini ohlukile onedrayivu yawo. Ihlala inamathele edeskini ngokubeka i-disc perpendicular to the desk, amasentimitha ambalwa ukusuka ebusweni bayo. Kunamathiselwe kudiski ngesikulufu esincane, esilula, esibanzi phakathi nendawo, i-sandpaper eyindilinga noma indwangu enezinhlamvu zengilazi, yebo, yezigaba ezahlukahlukene. Ekuphakameni kwendawo emaphakathi yediski, ipuleti lensimbi eligudlukayo liyaslayida phezu kwamareyili, lapho ucezu lokusebenza lubekwe futhi lucindezelwe kudiski. Ngale ndlela, sigwema ubungozi bokushibilika noma ukuyibeka ngendlela engafanele kudiski.
Lo mshini, oshayelwa kangcono injini enamasivinini amaningi, ufinyelela izilinganiso ezinembile zensimbi esike ngaphambili noma izinto zokhuni. Ngomshini, sifinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu futhi singathola izindawo ezinomshini ezime mpo ngokuphelele ngokuhlobene ne-axis yobude bento. Ngale ndlela, sicubungula ama-slats, amapayipi, amabhodi amade nawumngcingo, enziwe ngokhuni, insimbi, ithusi, ipulasitiki, ngisho nengilazi, kukhethwe i-sandpaper efanelekile yento ngayinye.
Kwesinye isikhathi singasebenzisa igrinder yobuso ukwenza bushelelezi futhi sipholishe izinto ezincane ezingaphathwa ngezandla. Kulesi simo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ungathinti idiski ngesandla sakho, njengoba ukulimala kungase kwenzeke.
Idiski yokugaya
Ingxenye eyisisekelo ye-sanding disc idiski ezungezayo enekhava evikelayo lapho kunamathiselwe khona okuhlukile okugwadule okusanhlamvu (isanding). Iwumshini ohambayo esiwusebenzisela kakhulu ukucubungula insimbi eqinile, njengamaphethelo afiphele, ukuqondanisa imithungo eshiselwe, izindawo zesihlabathi ezithinteka ngokujulile ukugqwala, ukususa ukuvenisha kwakudala nokunye okunjalo. Uma kungenjalo, umshini kulula ukuwuphatha, kodwa udinga ukuqaphela ungawuyeki uphume esandleni sakho.
Isaha eliyindilinga eligoqa
Isaha eliyindilinga eligoqayo empeleni inguqulo ekhethekile yesaha esiyindilinga, ephuma emshinini wemboni kodwa enobukhulu obuncane kakhulu. Inganikwa amandla yi-drill kagesi, noma injini yayo. Isaha eliyindilinga eligoqayo kanye nenjini yalo kuncike endaweni yokusebenza eyodwa, futhi ifakwe isibambo esivumela umshini wonke ukuthi uphakanyiswe futhi wehliselwe endaweni yokusebenza eyisicaba.
Phezulu kwendawo yokusebenza, ngosizo lwama-wedges kanye ne-clamp, sibeka futhi silungise ingxenye ezosikwa ngenkathi isaha lisendaweni ephezulu. Ngemuva kokuthi injini isetshenziswe, sisebenzisa isibambo ukwehlisa indlu ngesaha bese siqala ukusika. Lolu hlobo lwesaha likuvumela ukuthi usike ama-slats, amapayipi, amaphrofayili ozimele kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezinobukhulu obufanele besaha esiyindilinga esigoqayo. Singakwazi ukusika ngokunembile futhi ngama-engeli ahlukene.
Sigawula izinkuni ngesivinini esikhulu, kuyilapho ngensimbi (amapayipi namanye amaphrofayili enziwe ngama-alloys alula nensimbi) kufanele sisebenzise i-saha blade efanelekile bese simisa injini ijubane eliphansi. Ukuthengwa komshini kuwufanele kuphela uma sibona kusengaphambili ukuthi sizowusebenzisela ngokuhlelekile ukusaha ubuningi bezinto ezibonakalayo.
Isaha eliyindilinga eligoqa livumela ukusika okunembile kuma-engeli ahlukene.
Amasaha adlidlizayo namasaha
Isaha elidlidlizayo iwumshini ojwayelekile wamamodeli nezingcweti ezibamba iqhaza ekuqopheni nokubaza okuhle, ngoba ivumela ukusika impahla ngokunemba okukhulu nangesivinini ngisho nakumajika ane-arc encane kakhulu. Izinto zingaba i-plywood, ipulasitiki, i-sheet metal, ama-alloys athambile, ithusi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ishidi lensimbi elithambile. Izindlu emshinini zinamathiselwe kuyindilinga eyodwa noma ipuleti lesikwele elisebenza njengesisekelo futhi phakathi nendawo lapho kudlula i-blade encane. Ngaphakathi komshini, isistimu yokudlidliza inika isaha ukunyakaza okuya phezulu naphansi ngokushesha ngokushaya okuncane (1 cm noma ngaphansi), kodwa okwanele ukusika izinto ngokushesha. Ukusaha ngokushesha, ngeke kuhambisane nokunemba okudingekayo kulawa mathuluzi.
Kukhona namasaha embobo ane-vibrator asebenza njengesaha yembobo yesandla evamile, kodwa esibambo, esikhulu njengesibambo sokubhoboza ugesi, kukhona isidlidlizi. Angasebenza ngogesi noma ngamabhethri njengoba enamandla aphansi.
Ibhentshi lokugaya
I-grinder yebhentshi (i-grinder) iqukethe injini enesisekelo esigxilwe etafuleni lomsebenzi futhi ngokuvamile amatshe amabili okugaya, ngalinye lisekupheleni kwe-motor shaft. Ngokuvamile futhi inamapuleti amabili lapho into ezocutshungulwa ihlezi khona kanye nesembozo ezimbili zokuzivikela. Amatshe amabili okugaya anezinhlamvu ezihlukene, okungukuthi enye inohlamvu olukhulu, kanti enye inohlamvu oluncane kakhulu. I-sandpaper enamahlaza ithuntutha imiphetho ebukhali yezinto, ishelela izindawo ezincane, njalonjalo. Ukucijiswa kokuqala kwamathuluzi (amashizolo, imimese ye-planer, njll.) kwenziwa etsheni lokugaya ngezinhlamvu ezinhle, ezincane, okuzoqedwa kamuva ngesandla etsheni elikhethekile lokugaya.
Kufanele siqaphele kakhulu le mishini futhi sijwayelane nokusebenza kwayo. Kufanele sibambe izinto ngokuqinile, kancane kancane sizisondeze eduze kwe-sander, ngoba ijwayele ukuyidonsa. Umshini ngokuvamile ufakwe ingilazi eyodwa yokuzivikela (ngenxa yezinhlansi), okumele zihlale zinamathiselwe: inombolo enkulu yokulimala kwamehlo kwenzeka ngokunembile ngenxa yokusebenza ku-sander ngaphandle kwalesi sici sokuzivikela futhi ngaphandle kwezibuko ezikhethekile ezivikela izinhlansi, ama-chips nabanye. Ngakho-ke, i-grinder yebhentshi ingumshini ochwepheshe, onzima ukusebenza nawo, futhi idinga ukulungiswa kahle etafuleni lomsebenzi noma kubakaki odongeni.
amamodeli amancanyana angenayo injini nawo ahlinzekwa njengezinamathiselo kumshini wokubhoboza ugesi. Lawa mamodeli ngokuvamile ane-whetstone eyindilinga ngayinye.
Isigayo sethebula esinamatshe ezinhlamvu ezihlukene.
Chainsaw
Kusuka kusaha lakudala elineketango nenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi, esetshenziswa abasiki bezinkuni, kukhona nesaha lobukhulu obuncane elinedrayivu kagesi. Singagawula ngayo izihlahla nezihlahla ezincane. Iwusizo kuphela kulabo abanengadi enkulu.
I-chainsaw kagesi yobukhulu obuncane.
Izihloko ezihlobene: imishini yokwenza ukhuni namathuluzi, amasaha ebhande, imishini yokusaha eyindilinga, amasevisi omshini kanye nokwenziwa kwewindi lepulangwe nezicabha umnyango.