Chiziviso chakakosha chezveutano nekuchengetedzwa: Ichi chinyorwa cheunyanzvi chemudura, kwete chimiro chezvishandiso chechokwadi, purojekiti yedhaka kana kuti do-yoga-gwaro rekushandisa. Inokurumidza uye slaked lime, lime guruva uye mitsva yakasanganiswa inogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakakomba paganda, maziso uye nhengo dzekufema; lime slaking inokonzera kupisa kwakawanda uye inogona kukonzera kuparara. Sarudzo yeSistimu, kuongorora substrate, kusanganisa ratios, kuenderana kwezvimiro, mamiriro ekuisa, zvidziviriro zvemunhu, kudzora guruva uye kuraswa kunofanirwa kutariswa nevagadziri vanokwanisa uye makondirakiti zvichienderana nemagwaro emugadziri uye mirau inoshanda. Kupatsanurwa kwenhoroondo uye madomasirwo eDIN kubva muzvinyorwa haafanire kushandiswa sechirongwa chemazuva ano kana kutsanangurwa kwekutenga pasina ongororo yehunyanzvi.
Kutengesa lime, kugadzira plaster uye kuita facade kana basa rekugadzira masonry hazvisi chikamu chetsva yeruzhinji yeSavo Kusić. Ikozvino kutariswa ndeye mahwindo emapuranga, timber-aluminium Mahwindo, custom Mahwindo uye magonhi. Kune hwindo kana chirongwa chemusuwo, unogona kutumira chikumbiro chemutengo.
Divisheni, mamakisi uye kuumbwa kwemhando yega ye lime
Dzimwe mhando dzeraimu dzinoshandiswa kugadzira dhaka remasonry nedhaka rekupurasita madziro. Aya madhaka anofanira kunge akaoma kuonda kunze, asi nyore uye akachengeteka kuisa, pamwe chete nekudzivirira kupinda kwemvura uye kupisa mushure mekuoma, uye panguva imwe chete kuva permeable kune mhute yemvura. Kuumbwa uye zvimiro zvega ega emhando yeraimu zvakasiyana zvakanyanya. Zvinoenderana nechikamu chekare (DIN E 1060) kune: marudzi eraimu anoomesa mumhepo (yakajairika lime, dolomite lime uye carbide lime), mhando dzeraimu iyo mushure mekuoma kwekutanga mumhepo inoomesa pasi pemvura (hydraulic lime, yakanyanya hydraulic lime, Roman-lime).
Ordinary lime inogadzirwa kubva kune yakachena inogoneka calcium carbonate; mushure mekudzima mune lime paste, inoratidza ruvara ruchena kana kuti ine ruvara zvishoma.
Dolomite lime inogadzirwa kubva kune dolomite limestones; kazhinji inoratidza kudzima zvishoma zvishoma; ichena chaiyo kana kuti ine ruvara rwakareruka.
_Hydraulically_hardening mhando dzelime dzine soluble active sililic acid, aluminium oxide uye iron oxide.
Roman-lime iraimu ine hydraulic yakanyanya uye inotanga kuoma.
Air lime inouya kumusika selumpy lime (nekukurumidza, lumpy quicklime), semukaka wepasi, lime paste, lime mukanyiwa uye sequicklime.
Hydraulically hardening lime inouya kumusika nguva nenguva iri poda; inogona kungodzimwa zvishoma. Lime yeRoma haigone kudzimwa.
Powder slaked lime inofanirwa - kudzivirira kukaka - ine zvimisikidzo zvisina kubikwa (CaO neMgO). Ichi chimiro chakakosha pakugadzirisa nekuti slaked lime isati yagadziriswa inofanira kuzodzimwa panguva yekusanganiswa kana kukanganisa mukunaka kwemadziro kuchizodziviswa. Vagadziri ve lime vanofanira kupa mitemo yekugadzirisa.
Kuisa plaster netrowel pamadziro ematombo
Kushanda kwemamwe marudzi eraimu nemadhaka eraimu
Madhaka eLime, uye kunyanya madhaka akagadzirwa neraimu akajairwa, anonamira zvakanyanya kana achienzaniswa nedhaka resimende uye ane musanganiswa wakafanana reshiyo panguva yekuisa. Nokudaro, kuti uwane purasita inogona kushandiswa pamadziro, lime plaster inoda zvishoma binder pane simenti plaster. Madhaka matete esimende ane lime yakawedzerwa ari nani pakumisikidza.
Nekusanganisa kwenguva yakareba mumasanganisi anomhanya-mhanya, madhaka ese anogona kugadzirwa kuitira kuti asanyanya kutapukirwa uye anoshanda zvirinani.
Madhaka eLime anochengeta mvura yakasanganiswa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura masamende esimende; zvidhinha zvakawoma zvinobvisa mvura kubva mudhaka resimende nekukurumidza kupfuura lime mortar.
Huwandu hwebhainda mumatope eraimu hunotemerwa zvakanyanya maererano nekushanda kwedhaka. Jecha rakachena, rine chidimbu chimwe chete rinoda lime yakawanda kupfuura jecha revhu rine mafraction akawanda. Nekuda kweizvi, uye nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura inodiwa pakugadzira, marata eraimu ane jecha revhu anowanzoratidza kusimba kushoma.
Kusimba kwemarara emaraimu
Dzimwe mhando dzeraimu yemhepo inoshandiswa kugadzira dhaka inopa simba rekumanikidzika remakg/cm mashoma2 pama cubes, kazhinji kutenderera 3 kusvika 6 kg/cm2 mushure memavhiki mana. Marudzi eraimu anoomesa madhaka emadhaka emugranulation chaiwo anopa simba rekumanikidza pamacubes anosvika 20 kg/cm2 nezvimwe.
1. Kufurira kwejecha kuumbwa
Kuumbwa kwejecha kunokanganisa zvakanyanya hukuru hwekumanikidza, kusimba uye kushanduka kwesimba. Multi-fraction majecha akaumbwa maererano neruzivo rwakawanwa nesamende dhaka rinopa, nemamwe marudzi asina simba hydraulic lime, simba rakakura kupfuura rimwe-chikamu jecha. Maererano nemiedzo imwe chete, jecha rakakora rine zvazvakanakira pane jecha rakanaka.
2. Kupesvedzera kwevhu rinosanganiswa mujecha
Majecha ane ivhu rakawanda kana kuti loam anowanzo shandiswa kugadzira dhaka, nekuti jecha rakadaro rinoda lime shoma kuti rigadzire purasitiki uye dhaka riri nyore kushanda. Jecha redhaka rakanaka harifanire kuva nezvidimbu zvinopfuura 5% silty.
3. Mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwelime
Kuwanda kweraimu mukuita hakuwanzo kutsanangurwa maererano nesimba rinodiwa; sekutonga, lime inowedzerwa kusvikira dhaka rawana plastiki inodiwa pakugadzirisa. Zvinoenda pasina kutaura kuti simba rinodzikira nekudzikira kwerimu.
4. Kufurira kwehuwandu hwemvura pakugadzirira kwe
Huwandu hwemvura mumatope hune simba rakakura pane ese masimba. Sezvo huwandu hwemvura hunowedzera, simba rinodzikira.
5. Kusimba kwedhaka resimende rakawedzerwa
Kuwedzera lime kune dhaka resimende kazhinji hakugone kuwedzera kukuru kwesimba; chinangwa chiri kunyanya kuwana dhaka resimende yakakodzera kuiswa, kureva plastiki. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera lime kunofanira kungogumira pachiyero chinodiwa pakuiswa.
6. Simba rendiro
Kusimba kwemadhaka ese kunoenderana nechimiro uye saizi yezviyero zvebvunzo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, simba rekumanikidzika rakatemerwa nenzira yakajairwa pazvivharo hazvingatariswi sezvinoreva kusimba kwedhaka mumadziro. Mukuwedzera, fig. 1 inoratidza kuti pama slabs e lime mortar ane ukobvu hwe 2 cm pakawanikwa simba rinopfuura kasere kudarika simba recube.
Mufananidzo 1 - Simba rekumanikidza zvichienderana nekureba kwemuviri webvunzo
Kudonha uye kuzvimba kwemarara eraimu
Kana lime slurry kana lime mortar ikaoma uye kuoma, kuderera kwakanyanya kwevhoriyamu kunogona kucherechedzwa kusvika pamwero mukuru kana mudiki. Iyo yekutanga kuderedzwa kwevhoriyamu isati yaoma, i.e. ichiri dhaka repurasitiki, inonzi shrinkage. Kuderera kwehuwandu nekuda kwekuoma kwedhaka rakaoma kunonzi shrinkage. Kana, nekuda kwemhepo uye zuva, kana nekuda kwe substrate yakaoma, dhaka richangobva kuiswa rinooma nokukurumidza, kuputika kunoitika nekuda kwekuderera. Kana iyo shrinkage yedhaka yakaomeswa yakadziviswa, kushushikana kwekunetseka kunoonekwa mudhaka, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, kuputika nekuda kwekuderera.
Kuchinja kwevhoriyamu nekuda kwekugadzirisa uye shrinkage kwakasiyana kune marudzi akasiyana e lime; ivo zvakare vanovimba nekuumbwa kwedhaka; madhaka ane mafuta anoderera kupfuura ayo anoda mvura shoma. Iyo shrinkage coefficient ichave yakakwirira mumakamuri akaoma anopisa muchando; iyi coefficient ichave yakaderera zvakanyanya kune madhaka anowanikwa kune mamiriro ekunze; nenzira imwecheteyo, kune kusiyana munzvimbo yakazaruka, nokuti mamiriro okunze anokonzera dhigirii yekuomeswa kweiyi plasters.
Kugadzikana kwevhoriyamu ye lime plasters
Paunenge uchitaura nezve kugadzikana kwevhoriyamu, hazvifanirwe kufungidzirwa kuti ndezvekuchinja kwevhoriyamu kukurukurwa pamusoro, asi nezvezvekuwedzera vhoriyamu shanduko inotyisidzira kusimba kweime mortars. Mukuita izvi, mamiriro maviri anofanira kusiyaniswa. Yokutanga inoreva kushandiswa kweraimu, iyo inofanira kunge yakasungirirwa zvakakwana kuitira kuti kukundikana kwemhando iyo inogona kuonekwa muFig.2.
Pahwaro hwezviitiko izvi, zvinofanirwa kukumbirwa kuti lime haishandiswe munzvimbo nyowani iyo inobva kufekitari, uye kuti yakasanganiswa lime mortar, isati yatanga kuiswa, inofanira kusiiwa muchidyiro kwenguva yakareba yakakwana, kuitira kuti kunyange izvo zvimedu zvisina kuvharwa zvinogona kudzimwa pashure.
Mushure maizvozvo, vhoriyamu kugadzikana bvunzo inouya mukutariswa mupfungwa iyo yainoitwa pakuyedza simende. Mukuita izvi, zvichaonekwa kana kuumbwa kweimu kwakadai zvekuti kuputika, mamiriro ekunze uye mamwe mavhoriyamu asingagamuchirwe shanduko haizoonekwe kwenguva yakareba.
Mufananidzo 2 - Kukuvara kwedhaka kwakabatana neraimu isina kukwana