** Muhimmiyar bayanin lafiya da aminci:** Wannan rubutun fasaha ne na kayan tarihi, ba ingantaccen ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki ba, ƙirar filasta ko jagorar aikace-aikacen yi-shi-kanka. Lemun tsami mai sauri da slaked, ƙurar lemun tsami da sababbin haɗuwa na iya haifar da mummunan rauni ga fata, idanu da gabobin numfashi; Slaking lemun tsami yana haɓaka zafi mai yawa kuma yana iya haifar da spattering. Zaɓin tsarin, duban ƙasa, ma’auni mai haɗawa, daidaitawar Layer, yanayin shigarwa, kayan aikin kariya na sirri, sarrafa ƙura da zubar da ƙwararrun masu ƙira da ƴan kwangila yakamata a ƙaddara ta ƙwararrun masu ƙira da ƴan kwangila bisa ga takaddun masana’anta da ƙa’idodi masu dacewa. Ba za a yi amfani da rarrabuwar tarihi da kuma zayyana DIN daga rubutun azaman ƙira ta yau ko ƙayyadaddun sayayya ba tare da tantancewar ƙwararru ba.
Sayar da lemun tsami, yin filasta da yin facade ko aikin masonry basa cikin sabon tayin jama’a na Savo Kusić. Abin da ake mayar da hankali a yanzu shine gilashin katako, gilashin katako-aluminum, gilashin al’ada da kofofin. Don aikin taga ko kofa, zaku iya aikawa buƙatar ƙididdiga.
Rabo, alamomi da abun da ke ciki na kowane nau’in lemun tsami
Ana amfani da wasu nau’ikan lemun tsami don yin turmi don katako da turmi don yin bango. Wadannan turmi ya zama da wuya ga bakin ciki fita, amma sauki da kuma aminci shigar, kazalika da hana shigar da ruwa da zafi bayan hardening, kuma a lokaci guda zama permeable zuwa ruwa tururi. Abun da ke ciki da kaddarorin kowane nau’in lemun tsami sun bambanta sosai. Bisa ga tsofaffin division (DIN E 1060) akwai: nau’in lemun tsami da ke taurare a cikin iska (lime na al’ada, dolomite lemun tsami da carbide lemun tsami), nau’in lemun tsami da ke taurare a karkashin ruwa bayan daɗaɗɗa a cikin iska (hydraulic lime, high-hydraulic lemun tsami, Roman-lime).
Ana samar da lemun tsami na yau da kullun daga calcium carbonate kamar yadda zai yiwu; bayan an yayyafa shi da lemun tsami, yana nuna launin fari ko sautin launi kaɗan.
Dolomite lemun tsami ana samar da shi ne daga duwatsun dolomite; gabaɗaya yana nuna ɗan raguwa a hankali; fari ne mai tsantsa ko launin ruwan kasa.
Hydraulically nau’ikan lemun tsami sun ƙunshi silicic acid mai narkewa, aluminum oxide da baƙin ƙarfe oxide.
Roman-lime lemun tsami ne mai hydraulic sosai tare da farkon taurinsa.
Air lemun tsami yana zuwa kasuwa a matsayin lemun tsami (wanda ba a yanka shi ba, lumpy quicklime), azaman lemun tsami, man lemun tsami, man lemun tsami da kuma mai sauri.
Hydraulically hardening lemun tsami yana zuwa kasuwanci akai-akai cikin foda; za a iya kashe shi kawai a wani yanki. Ba za a iya kashe lemun tsami na Roman ba.
Powder slaked lemun tsami dole ne - don hana caking - ya ƙunshi sinadarai marasa lahani (CaO da MgO). Wannan yanayin yana da matukar mahimmanci don sarrafa shi saboda lemun tsami da aka yanka kafin a sarrafa shi dole ne a kashe shi yayin hadawa idan ana son guje wa lahani a kyawun bango. Ya kamata masu kera lemun tsami su samar da ka’idojin sarrafawa.
Amfani filasta da tafke a bangon dutse
Aiki na wasu nau’ikan lemun tsami da turmi na lemun tsami
Turan lemun tsami, musamman turmi da aka yi da lemun tsami na yau da kullun, sun fi mannewa idan aka kwatanta da turmi na siminti kuma tare da nau’in cakuda iri ɗaya yayin shigarwa. Sabili da haka, don samun filastar da za a iya yin aiki a kan bango, filastar lemun tsami yana buƙatar ƙananan ɗaure fiye da filastar siminti. Ƙananan turmi siminti tare da ƙara lemun tsami sun fi kyau don sakawa.
Ta hanyar hadawa na dogon lokaci a cikin injina masu saurin sauri, ana iya shirya duk turmi don ya zama ƙasa da sauƙin narkewa kuma mafi kyawun aiki.
Turan lemun tsami suna riƙe gauraye da ruwa fiye da turmin siminti; busassun bulogin cire ruwa daga turmi siminti da sauri fiye da turmi lemun tsami.
Yawan adadin abin ɗaure a cikin turmi na lemun tsami an ƙaddara shi da farko dangane da iya aiki na turmi. Yashi mai tsafta, mai juzu’i ɗaya yana buƙatar lemun tsami fiye da yashi mai juzu’i da yawa. Saboda haka, da kuma saboda yawan ruwan da ake buƙata don shiri, turmi na lemun tsami tare da yashi na yumbu sau da yawa suna nuna ƙarfi kaɗan.
Ƙarfin lemun tsami
Wasu nau’ikan lemun tsami na iska da ake amfani da su don ginin turmi suna ba da ƙarfin matsawa na ’yan kilogiram/cm2 a kan cubes, sau da yawa a kusa da 3 zuwa 6 kg/cm2 bayan mako hudu. Nau’in lemun tsami mai taurin ruwa don turmi daidai gwargwado yana ba da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi akan cubes kusan 20 kg/cm2 da ƙari.
1. Tasirin abun da ke cikin yashi
A abun da ke ciki na yashi muhimmanci rinjayar da girma na matsawa, tensile da flexural ƙarfi. Yashi masu yawan juzu’i da aka haɗa bisa ga ƙwarewar da aka samu tare da turmi siminti suna ba da, tare da wasu nau’ikan lemun tsami mai rauni, mafi ƙarfi fiye da yashi guda ɗaya. Dangane da gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya, yashi mara nauyi yana da fa’ida akan yashi mai kyau.
2. Tasirin yumbu admixtures a cikin yashi
Yashi da ke dauke da yumbu mai yawa ko loam ana yawan amfani da su wajen yin turmi, domin irin wannan yashi yana bukatar karancin lemun tsami don samar da turmi mai saukin aiki. Yashin turmi mai kyau kada ya ƙunshi fiye da 5% silty barbashi.
3. Tasirin adadin lemun tsami
Yawancin lemun tsami a aikace yana da wuya a ƙayyade dangane da ƙarfin da ake buƙata; a matsayin mai mulkin, ana ƙara lemun tsami har sai turmi ya sami filastik da ake bukata don sarrafawa. Ba tare da faɗi cewa ƙarfin yana raguwa tare da raguwar adadin lemun tsami ba.
4. Tasirin adadin ruwa akan shirye-shiryen
Yawan ruwa a cikin turmi yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan kowane ƙarfi. Yayin da adadin ruwa ya karu, ƙarfin yana raguwa.
5. Ƙarfin ƙarin turmi siminti
Ƙara lemun tsami zuwa turmi siminti sau da yawa baya ƙara ƙarfin gaske; Manufar galibi ita ce samun turmi siminti wanda ya dace da sakawa, watau filastik. Don haka, ƙari na lemun tsami ya kamata a iyakance zuwa iyakar da ake buƙata don haɗawa.
6. Ƙarfin faranti
Ƙarfin duk turmi ya dogara da siffar da girman gwargwado. A saboda wannan dalili, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ƙarfin matsawa da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar da aka saba a kan tubalan ba za a iya la’akari da su ga ƙarfin turmi a bango ba. Bugu da kari, fig. 1 ya nuna cewa a kan tumin lemun tsami na kauri 2 cm an sami ƙarfin wanda ya fi ƙarfin cube fiye da sau takwas.
- Hoto 1 - Ƙarfin matsawa dangane da tsayin jikin gwajin*
Ragewa da kumburin filastar lemun tsami
Lokacin da slurry na lemun tsami ko turmi na lemun tsami ya bushe kuma ya taurare, ana iya ganin raguwar ƙarar ƙara zuwa babba ko ƙarami. Ragewar farko a cikin ƙarar kafin taurin, watau har yanzu turmi mai filastik sosai, ana kiransa shrinkage. Rage ƙarar saboda bushewar turmi mai tauri ana kiransa raguwa. Idan, saboda iska da rana, ko kuma saboda busassun busassun, turmin da aka yi amfani da shi ya bushe da sauri, fashe yana faruwa saboda raguwa. Idan an hana raguwar turmi mai tauri, damuwa mai ƙarfi yana bayyana a cikin turmi, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, fashe saboda raguwa.
Canje-canje na ƙararrawa saboda daidaitawa da raguwa sun bambanta don nau’ikan lemun tsami; sun kuma dogara da tsarin turmi; turmi mai kitse suna raguwa fiye da waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarancin ruwa. Matsakaicin raguwa zai zama babba a cikin ɗakunan busassun da aka yi zafi a cikin hunturu; wannan ƙididdiga za ta kasance ƙasa da ƙasa don turmi da aka fallasa ga yanayin; Hakazalika, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin sararin samaniya, saboda yanayin yana rinjayar matakin bushewar filastar lemun tsami.
Girman kwanciyar hankali na filastar lemun tsami
Lokacin magana game da kwanciyar hankali, bai kamata a yi la’akari da cewa game da sauye-sauyen ƙarar da aka tattauna a sama ba ne, amma game da ƙarin canje-canjen ƙarar da ke barazana ga dorewa na turmi na lemun tsami. A yin haka, ya kamata a bambanta sharuɗɗa biyu. Na farko yana nufin aikace-aikacen lemun tsami, wanda ya kamata a yi shi sosai don kada gazawar irin da za a iya gani a cikin siffa.2.
A bisa wadannan abubuwan da aka samu, ya kamata a ce ba a yi amfani da lemun tsami a sabo da ake samu daga masana’anta ba, sannan a rika hada turmin lemun tsami kafin a fara sanya shi, a bar shi a cikin tudu na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, ta yadda ko da waɗancan ɓangarorin da ba a daɗe ba za a iya kashe su daga baya.
Bayan haka, gwajin kwanciyar hankali na volumetric yana zuwa la’akari da ma’anar cewa ana yin shi lokacin gwajin siminti. A yin haka, za a gano ko abun da ke ciki na lemun tsami ya kasance irin wannan tsagewa, yanayin yanayi da sauran canje-canjen ƙarar da ba za a iya ba da izini ba na dogon lokaci.
Hoto2- Lalacewar turmi mai alaƙa da ƙarancin lemun tsami