Nau’in sarrafa itace
Ana yin aikin katako da injinan katako daban-daban. Ana amfani da kayan aikin kafinta na hannu azaman kayan taimako don haɗawa da tuƙi samfuran cikin ramuka, da sauransu. Akwai nau’ikan sarrafa itace masu zuwa akan injuna: yankan, sarewa, niƙa, gundura, hakowa, shiryawa da yashi (Fig.1). A matsayin kayan aikin yankan, yankan da santsi, ana amfani da firam ɗin saws, madauwari da ma’auni, wukake don yankewa da gogewa, masu yankan niƙa, ƙira, sarƙoƙi, chisels da takarda yashi.
Hoto1- Nau’in sarrafa itace: a - yankan; b - yankan; c - niƙa; d - niƙa; e - gogewa; f - nika.
Ruwan ruwa da kusurwoyinsu
Kayan aikin yankan, waɗanda ake amfani da su don sarrafa itace, koyaushe suna da guda ɗaya ko da yawa. Don haka, alal misali, hakora na frame, madauwari da band saws, wukake na scraper wukake, hakora na milling cutters, da dai sauransu suna da siffar kaifi wedges cewa yin yankan. Don waɗannan wukake masu siffa mai siffa don samun damar yanke itace tare da ingantaccen aiki mai inganci kuma don ba da ingantaccen aiki mai gamsarwa, ya zama dole su kasance a wani kusurwa zuwa filayen itace kuma suna da ƙayyadaddun girma da siffa.
A kan waɗannan kayan aikin yankan, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don aikin katako, akwai kusurwoyi masu zuwa: kusurwar yankan, wanda aka kwatanta da harafin δ, kusurwa mai mahimmanci - ta harafin β, kusurwar gaba - ta harafin γ, kusurwar baya - ta harafin α. Jimlar kusurwar baya da kusurwar kaifi koyaushe yana ba da kusurwaδ = α + β(fig.2).
Hoto2- Abubuwan kusurwa na ruwa.
Don cimma babban tsafta na sarrafa saman itace da kuma ciyar da ɗan ƙaramin aikin da zai yuwu akan yankan, ya zama dole a zaɓi mafi kyawun kusurwar yankan, kusurwa, kusurwar gaba da baya bisa ga nau’in itace, yanayin zafi da yanke jagora. A matsayin mafi ƙanƙantar kusurwa, kusurwar30°; an dauki kusurwar hanyar motsi na wuka ko kusurwar baya10-15°; an dauki kusurwar yanke45-74°.
Yanke shugabanci bisa ga zaruruwa
Dangane da jagorar yankan dangane da filayen itace, akwai manyan lamuran yanke guda uku: gaba, tsayi da kuma juzu’i (Fig.3). Tsabtataccen tsayi mai tsayi, tsaka-tsaki da yankan gaba yana da wuya sosai, saboda wuka a lokacin aiki koyaushe yana kan wani kusurwa zuwa hatsin itace.
Hoto3- Manyan lokuta guda uku na yanke itace: a - gaba; b - tsawon lokaci; c - karkata.
Gyaran kayan aiki
Ana yin gyare-gyaren kayan aikin yankan ko dai akan na’urori na musamman na musamman ko kuma da hannu, tare da gaskiyar cewa kayan aikin yankan, bayan ƙaddamarwa, dole ne a adana ainihin siffar ruwa da abubuwan da suka dace.
Maudu’ai masu dangantaka: bandsaws, Mashinan gani na madauwari, gaske katako na coniferous da itacen katako, gini da samar da tagogin katako da kofofin.