Umsebenzi weshidi — ukusika, ukugoba nokugoqwa kweshidi lensimbi

Inothi Lokuvikeleka: Lona umbhalo wokufundisa ofakwe kungobo yomlando ovela ku-2018. unyaka, hhayi umyalo wokusebenza okuzimele komsebenzi weshidi lensimbi. Imiphetho yensimbi yeshidi nama-chips kungabangela ukulimala okubi kakhulu, kuyilapho ukusika, ukugoba, ukusoda nokusebenza ngamathuluzi kudinga ubuchwepheshe obufanele, okokuvikela kanye nendawo yokusebenza ephephile. Umsebenzi kufanele unikezwe osonkontileka abaqeqeshiwe futhi wenziwe ngokwemithetho evumelekile yokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nemiyalelo yethuluzi nomkhiqizi wezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi kuyingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwesimanje kokubaza. Bheka amafasitela ethu e-aluminum, ukukhiqiza kanye amasevisi, noma thumela isicelo sekhotheshini.

Izinhlobo zensimbi yeshidi kanye nezakhiwo zazo

Emisebenzini yasekhaya, izinsimbi mhlawumbe zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, ngendlela yamapuleti namashidi, njengezinto eziyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, kwenziwa ngamashidi ensimbi anogqinsi olungaphansi4 mm(okubizwa ngokuthi i-fine sheet metal), ubukhulu2×1 m, ezikhiqizwa ukugoqa okushisayo noma okubandayo. Ingaphezulu leshidi eligoqiwe elibandayo libushelelezi futhi alinawo amamaki amnyama okugoqa okushisayo. Ubuso babo bungaba namabala noma bumnyama (ngaphandle kokugcoba). Ukuqina kweshidi kushintsha kakhulu, kusukela esimweni sokunwebeka kuya esimweni sokuthamba, lapho singalibosha ngesando sokhuni.

Kusuka eshidini elimnyama, elifika ku-1 mm, senza kakhulu izinto ezimahhadlahhadla. Okufanayo kungasikwa kalula ngesikelo sensimbi.

Ishidi elifakwe uthayela, likathayela futhi likathayela

Amashidi ayinsimbi empeleni angamashidi ensimbi ahlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali nhlangothi zombili ngokunamathela okulinganayo kwe-zinc. Lawa mashidi asetshenziswa kakhulu uma kwenziwa amagatha avundlile naqondile ukuze kukhishwe amanzi asemkhathini.

Ubukhulu bazo bucishe bulingane nobukhulu bamakhasi ensimbi athathiwe, afika ku-1 mm, futhi ubukhulu bungu-530 × 760 mm. Amashidi ajiyile kunokungu-1 mm athi 2 × 1 m, ngakho lolu hlobo lweshidi elimboziwe kulula ukuluphatha. Ngemuva kokugqoka kwe-zinc noma isendlalelo sokuzivikela se-tin, amashidi ayagqwala. Lezi zendlalelo ezivikelayo zenza kube nzima ukufaka upende okokunamathela ezindaweni zazo, ngoba upende awubambeleli kuzo.

Impahla yangempela yomsebenzi wensimbi wangaphandle yishidi le-zinc. Ngeshwa, kunzima kakhulu ukukuthola, nakuba yonke imisebenzi evezwe esimweni sezulu kufanele yenziwe ngaleli shidi.

Ikhasi lethusi, ithusi ne-aluminium

Amashidi ethusi angatholwa ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene namadigri wamandla. Inzuzo yabo enkulu ukuthi idayiswa kalula, futhi okubi kwabo ukuthi okuqukethwe kwethini kuyaba yiqhwa futhi kucwebezele ezindaweni ezichayeke, yingakho kamuva bephuka, bagqoke futhi baqhekeke. Ungqimba oluluhlaza lwe-oxide, i-patina, kwakheka ezindaweni zazo, okwenza ithusi lingafaneleki ukwenza izinto zokusika, kodwa lifanele ukwenza izinto zokuhlobisa, izibani nokunye okunjalo.

Ishidi lethusi alinawo amaphutha ethusi okubangwa isithwathwa. Uhlobo oluthambile lwaleli shidi luyisisekelo esihle kakhulu se-alloy, kulula ukusicubungula futhi sidayiswa, singumqhubi omuhle wokushisa ngakho-ke sisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-thermotechnical.

Amashidi e-Aluminium asetshenziswa kakhulu. Akhiqizwa ngobukhulu nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, futhi anobunzima obuhlukene. Kulula ukucubungula. Ezindaweni zazo, uma zingavikelekile ngandlela thize (ngokwesibonelo, i-anodized), ungqimba lwe-oxide lwenziwa ngendlela yempushana.

Inzuzo yabo enkulu kakhulu ukuthi ingapholishwa ukuze isibuko sikhanye futhi isisindo sazo sicishe sibe ingxenye yesithathu yesisindo samashidi ensimbi anobukhulu obufanayo. Ukungalungi kwabo ukuthi abafaki i-solder, abamelani nokushisa futhi baphikisana namathonya emishini.

Amathuluzi okusebenza ensimbi yeshidi

Kudingeka inani elikhulu lamathuluzi ahlukahlukene okucubungula insimbi ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi wensimbi.

Isithombe 1 sikhombisa:

1. umshayeli wesando;
2. isando sokuleveli;
3. isando sokhuni;
4. imbobo eyisicaba;
5. isilwane esiyindilinga;
6. i-hemming anvil;
7. i-anvil egoqayo;
8. imbobo eyindilinga;
9. ukuvula isikelo;
10. amashekeli ensimbi aqondile;
11. i-scraper yensimbi;
12. imbobo eyindilinga;
13. i-rivet tensioner;
14. i-riveter;
15. i-soldering iron.

Isithombe 1 — amathuluzi okucubungula insimbi ayisisekelo.

Ukuze silolonge kahle amashidi, sidinga ukwazi izinto eziyisisekelo zomsebenzi wokucubungula. Sisebenzisa amathuluzi amaningi akhethekile lapho silungisa amashidi; isibonelo, ingcweti eyodwa enekhono isebenza ngezinhlobo zezando ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-19. Inani elincane kakhulu lamathuluzi liyadingeka lapho kwenziwa le misebenzi ekhaya. Isithombe 1 sibonisa imidwebo yamathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu. Asikwazi ukuwachaza ngokuningiliziwe, futhi ngeke sibonise amanye amathuluzi akhethekile.

Ukuze umdwebi wasekhaya enze le misebenzi, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezando, i-double reamer kanye ne-double planer kwanele. Isando sokhuni noma senjoloba silungele ukuqondisa, ukugoba kanye nokuhlela izindawo ezinkulu.

Ama-anvils okwenziwa mathupha, ngokuyinhloko amise okwesicathulo sehhashi, ayisicaba futhi ayindilinga, ayadingeka ukuze kubunjwe izimo ezihlukahlukene. Amarimu akheke ane-rim anvil, emaphethelweni ane-anvil egoqekayo, futhi ageleza nge-anvil ebheke. “Okuguquguqukayo” kakhulu kwamashekeli okusika ensimbi amashekeli emigodi namashekeli aqondile. “Abasizi” abawusizo i-scraper engunxantathu, i-riveter ne-soldering iron.

Ukusika insimbi yeshidi

Ukusika kudinga ukuthungatha imigqa eshidini ngenaliti. Umugqa osikiwe odwetshwe ngepensela usuleka kalula ngakho-ke awufanelekile. Uma sisika amapheshana amade epuleti likathayela, kufanele sibeke ishidi etafuleni ukuze isiphetho somugqa ozosikwa sibe ngaphandle komkhawulo wetafula ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Sizophinde sibeke intambo eyodwa noma ibhodi ocezwini lweshidi lensimbi elibekwe phezu kwebhentshi lokusebenza.

Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kuqikelelwe ukuthi izingalo zesikelo, eziqiniswe ekuhlanganyeleni kusetshenziswa izikulufu, ziphambana futhi zibe ngama-engeli angakwesokudla epuleti likathayela. Izikele ezixekethile nezitshekile azisiki, kodwa kunalokho ziyagoba, ziklebhule futhi zijamule ishidi phakathi kwezindwani. Ingxenye enqunyiwe yeshidi kufanele ibe ngakwesokudla komugqa wokusika. Sifaka umunwe omkhulu wesandla phakathi kwezingalo ukuze sikwazi ukuzihlukanisa ngemva kokusika.

AmaSpredishithi ajiyile kuno-1 mm kuzoba nzima ukuwasika ngesikelo esisenziwa ngesandla. Lapho usika amashidi alolo hlobo, kungcono ukusika kafushane futhi kaningi, futhi ungalokothi usebenzise amathiphu esikele. Ngokusika ingxenye yesikelo eduze kwelunga, sifaka isandla ekwenzeni isikelo sibe mancane amathuba okuba sibhajwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izingalo zesikelo zingancindi iminwe nentende yesandla (isithombe 2, ingxenye yokuqala).

Umfanekiso 2 — izinqubo zokusika insimbi yeshidi lezandla.

Uma sidinga ukusika umumo oyindilinga noma ipuleti eliyindilinga, sizobeka ishidi ukuze ingxenye edinga ukuwa ibe ngakwesokunxele sesikelo. Ngale ndlela siyakwazi ukulandela umugqa wokusika ngamehlo ethu. Siqala ukusika izimbobo ezinkulu eshidini phakathi nendawo bese sisika ngokuzungeza ijika elibonisiwe, umugqa wokusika.

Uma sicabanga ukuthi amandla esandla sethu awanele ukusika, sizobe sicindezela ingalo engezansi yesikelo ku-vise. Ngesandla sokudla, singakwazi ukufaka ingcindezi ngamandla amakhulu engalweni yamahhala yesikelo, kanjalo naseshidini eliphakathi kwezinsimbi zesikelo.

Kudingeka sinake amashidi amancane nezingcezu ezisontekile zeshidi lensimbi. Abukhali futhi angabangela ukulimala okukhulu. Kudingeka ukufiphaza imiphetho esanda kusikwa ngokushesha, futhi uqoqe futhi ukhiphe udoti ngokushesha.

Ishidi lensimbi lingasikwa kalula ngesaha lembobo. I-blade ene-serrations ephakathi yanele ukusika izimbobo. Kwenzeka ukuthi i-blade yamashidi amancane iqala “ukugubha” njengemisindo yokuqhuma kwesibhamu. Uma sisika ishidi elincanyana kakhulu ngesaha lembobo, okungenakwenzeka ukubopha ngokwanele, kufanele silibophe phakathi kwamabhodi amabili amancane, angasebenziseki kwezinye izinjongo. Ngale ndlela, ngeke sibe nezinkinga ngokusaha.

Ukugoba kwensimbi yeshidi

Uma kudingekile ukugoba izingcezu zethini ezinde, kuyoba usizo kakhulu uma senza idivayisi elula. Iqukethe ucezu olulodwa lwebhodi lokhuni oluqinile, ubukhulu80×40×3 cm, izingcezu ezimbili zobukhulu be-engeli engu-L30×30 mmkanye nobude80 cm, kanye nezingcezu ezimbili ze-M8×6countersunk ikhanda bolt nge wing nuts.

Sibhoboza amakhona ensimbi kanye nebhodi nge-stroke efanayo. Ngosizo lwe-butterfly nuts, ukulungisa ibanga elidingekayo, sithola idivayisi yokuqinisa nokugoba insimbi yeshidi. Phakathi kwama-ayina e-engeli, sidlula ucezu lwensimbi oluthile lokugoba. Ngemva kokuqinisa amantongomane evemvane, sigoba ngokunembile futhi kalula insimbi yeshidi nge-engeli ukuze130amadigri. Ngesando sokhuni, senza njalo amagalelo eduze komugqa ogobayo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza roughen amaphrofayili ekhoneni abamba ishidi ngefayela. Lapho ugoba, qaphela ukuthi ungazilimazi, ngoba ishidi lihamba kancane ngokunwebeka (Fig2, ingxenye yesibili).

Ama-ayina ama-engeli amabili angakha idivayisi eguquguqukayo futhi ewusizo yokugoba insimbi yeshidi bese kuthi uma iziphetho zazo ezimbili zidayiswe kanye neziphetho zomucu weshidi lethusi elinogqinsi ongu-1 mm kanye nobubanzi obungu-10 mm. Lo mdwebo uvimbela amakhona ensimbi ukuthi angawi lapho i-mangal ivuliwe. Sifaka lesi sisetshenziswa esilula ku-vise ukuze ama-ayina e-engeli akhe indawo eyisicaba ukusuka phezulu, sibe nethuba lokubeka ishidi elimile phakathi kwawo (isithombe 3, ingxenye yokuqala).

AmaSpredishithi angagoba kalula kunoma iyiphi indlela. Kufanele kuqashelwe, ikakhulukazi ngamashidi aminyene, ukuthi ukugoba kungaphula ishidi uma kwenziwa nge-engeli ebukhali kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kwe-arc. Singakugwema lokhu kuphazamiseka uma senza ukugoba ngokushaya kwesando okulula, ukuqhubekela phambili kancane futhi sigobela ishidi kolunye uhlangothi lwendawo egoqekayo. Izikhombisi-ndlela endaweni yeshidi zimelela imigqa ehambisanayo engabonwa ngeso lenyama noma ngengilazi yokukhulisa.

Amashidi e-Zinc azwela kakhulu lapho ephuka. Kufanele zigoqwe ngokucophelela ngoba zibiza. Sisusa imiphetho eyingozi yamashidi ngokwenza imiphetho. Lokhu akuyona into engaphezu kokugoqa imiphetho. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ishidi lizoqhekeka phakathi nale nqubo, kufanele sifake insimbi eyindilinga yogqinsi 4–5 mm engxenyeni egoqiwe bese sishaya unqenqema lweshidi elizungezile (isithombe 3, ingxenye yesithathu).

Isithombe 3 — ukugoba, ukugoba kanye nokulolongwa kweshidi lensimbi.

Ukuhlela nokugoqa

Uma ishidi li-wavy, ngakho-ke kufanele sililule, sikwenza ngeshimu elenziwe nge-steel plate enogqinsi olungu-6–10 mm, futhi ngokushaywa kwesando singakwazi ukufeza izinguquko ezimangalisayo.

Imijikelezo yamapuleti ayindilinga ngokuvamile yenziwa. Isibonelo, lokhu kungase kube ukugoba unqenqema lwendawo ephansi yomgqomo wamalahle ngaphambi kokuwunamathisela, noma ukunweba isiphetho samapayipi kathayela ngezansi kokufaka. Senza lo msebenzi sisebenzisa ishubhu lensimbi esilibamba ngophini futhi kulo, ngokulijika libe yindilinga, sigobela unqenqema lwepuleti eliyindilinga phezulu (isithombe 3, ingxenye yesibili).

Ngamapayipi ensimbi abekwe mpo, aqiniswa kuma-mango, singakwazi ukugoqa imiphetho yejazi le-roller. Ukubeka imiphetho nokunwetshwa ngokwelula imizimba yensimbi yeshidi elingenalutho eliyicylindrical kwenziwa onqenqemeni lwamapuleti ensimbi aqondile aseshiwo (“amapuleti angakwesokudla”).

Ukuhlangana kwemizimba engenalutho eyenziwe ngamashidi kubizwa ngokuthi i-edging noma ukugoqa. Ngale ndlela, singakwazi futhi ukunamathisela phansi komgqomo wamalahle emzimbeni we-roller. Okokuqala, sigoba unqenqema oluphansi phezulu embuthanweni ukuze siwubeke engxenyeni enwetshiwe, engenalutho, eyi-cylindrical evele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Bese siphinda sigoqa ishidi ngokushaywa kwesando bese sithinta kahle emaphethelweni ejazi le-roller. Unqenqema olumile olwakhiwe ngale ndlela luwela, ocezwini lwepayipi, engxenyeni eyisilinda.

Ngaphambi kokuthi “uthunge” ubude bengxenye ye-cylindrical yomkhumbi, sisika ishidi ukuze ubude bokugqagqana kweziphetho okungenani bube ngu-20° wombuthano. Ukugoba okuyisiyingi kwengubo kwenziwa ngempumelelo kusetshenziswa i-mangal enesiqephu sepayipi esibekwe ngokuvundlile. Siqala ukugoqa izingxenye zesigqoko endaweni yokuthinta imiphetho, bese sihlanganisa imiphetho egoqiwe futhi siyihlanganise ndawonye. Sigxilisa unqenqema oludalwe ngale ndlela endizeni yesiphuku ku-lath eboshwe ngezigqoko.

I-angular “wave” ibunjwe kusetshenziswa ingxenye eyodwa engunxande.