INqaku loKhuseleko: Le yitekisi yezemfundo egcinwe kuvimba 2018. unyaka, kwaye kungekhona umyalelo wokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo komsebenzi we-sheet metal. Imiphetho yentsimbi yeshiti kunye neetshiphusi zinokubangela ukulimala kakhulu, ngelixa ukusika, ukugoba, ukuthambisa kunye nokusebenza ngezixhobo kufuna ubuchule obufanelekileyo, izixhobo zokukhusela kunye nendawo yokusebenzela ekhuselekileyo. Umsebenzi kufuneka unikezelwe kwiikontraka eziqeqeshiweyo kwaye wenziwe ngokwemigaqo esebenzayo yokhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nemiyalelo yesixhobo kunye nomvelisi wezinto eziphathekayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi yinxalenye yemveliso yangoku yokuchwela. Jonga iifestile ze-aluminiyam yamaplanga, ukuveliswa kunye iinkonzo, okanye uthumele isicelo sekowuti.
Iintlobo zesinyithi kunye neempawu zazo
Ekuqeqesheni ekhaya, iintsimbi zidla ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo, ngendlela yamacwecwe kunye namaphepha, njengezinto eziphambili. Amaxesha amaninzi, kwenziwa ngamashiti entsimbi anobunzima obungaphantsi4 mm(ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi ecwengileyo), idimension2×1 m, eziveliswa ngokuqengqeleka okushushu okanye okubandayo. Umphezulu wephepha elipholileyo elipholileyo ligudile kwaye likhululekile kumanqaku amnyama okuqengqeleka okushushu. Umphezulu wabo unokuba mdaka okanye umnyama (ngaphandle kokungcola). Ubunzima bephepha buguquka kakhulu, ukusuka kwimeko yokuqina ukuya kwimeko yokuthamba, xa sinokuyibophelela ngesando somthi.
Ukusuka kwiphepha elimnyama, elifikelela ku-1 mm, senza ubukhulu becala izinto ezirhabaxa. Okufanayo kunokunqunyulwa ngokulula kunye ne-sheet metal scissors.
Iphepha elenziwe ngesinyithi, lifakwe enkonkxeni kunye neleti
Amashiti esinyithi afakwe igalvanized eneneni ngamashiti entsimbi aqatywe ngekhemikhali macala omabini anezinc elinganayo. La maphepha asetyenziswa kakhulu xa kwenziwa iigatha ezithe tyaba nezithe nkqo zokukhupha amanzi akwi-atmospheric.
Imilinganiselo yazo iphantse ilingane nemilinganiselo yamaphepha entsimbi enkonkxiweyo, afikelela ku-1 mm, kunye nemilinganiselo 530 × 760 mm. Amashiti atyebileyo kuno-1 mm are 2 × 1 m, ngoko ke olu hlobo lweshiti olugqunyiweyo kulula ukuluphatha. Emva kokugqoka i-zinc okanye i-tin ekhuselayo, ama-sheets agqwala. Ezi maleko zikhuselayo zenza kube nzima ukufaka ipeyinti yokwaleka kwindawo yazo, kuba ipeyinti ayibambeleli kuyo.
Isixhobo sokwenyani somsebenzi wentsimbi yangaphandle liphepha le-zinc. Ngelishwa, kunzima ukufumana, nangona yonke imisebenzi evezwe kwimozulu kufuneka yenziwe kweli phepha.
Ubhedu, ubhedu kunye nephepha lealuminiyam
Amaphepha eBrass anokufumaneka kwimilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye neqondo lamandla. Inzuzo yabo enkulu kukuba bathengiswa ngokulula, kwaye ukungona kwabo kukuba umxholo wetoti uyabanda kwaye ucwebezelise kwiindawo ezivezwe yiqabaka, yiyo loo nto kamva ziqhekeza, zinxibe kwaye ziqhekeke. Umaleko oluhlaza weoksidi, ipatina, yenziwe kwindawo yawo, eyenza ubhedu lungafaneleki ukwenza izinto zokusika, kodwa lufanelekile ukwenza izinto zokuhombisa, izibane kunye nokunye okunjalo.
Iphepha lobhedu alinaziphene zobhedu ezibangelwa yiqabaka. Uhlobo oluthambileyo lweli phepha luyisiseko esihle kakhulu se-alloy, kulula ukusetyenzwa kunye ne-solder, ngumqhubi omhle wokushisa kwaye ngoko ke isetyenziswe ngokukodwa kwimveliso yeemveliso ze-thermotechnical.
Amaphepha e-aluminiyam asetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ziveliswa ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, kwaye zinobunzima obahlukeneyo. Zilula ukuqhubekeka. Kwimigangatho yazo, ukuba ayikhuselwanga ngandlela thile (umzekelo, i-anodized), umaleko we-oxide wenziwa ngendlela yomgubo.
Inzuzo yabo enkulu kukuba banokumenyezeliswa ukuze bakhazimle kwisipili kunye nokuba ubunzima babo abunasisiqingatha sesithathu sobunzima bamashiti entsimbi anomlinganiselo ofanayo. Ukungalungi kwabo kukuba abafaki i-solder, abamelani nobushushu kwaye bachasene nefuthe lomatshini.
Ishiti yezixhobo zokusebenza zentsimbi
Inani elikhulu lezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa kwentsimbi efunekayo ukwenza umsebenzi wentsimbi.
Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa:
- umqhubi wehamile;
- isando sokulinganisa;
- isando somthi;
- isikhuseli esisicaba;
- isilwanyana esingqukuva;
- i-anvil ejikelezayo;
- i-anvil esongwayo;
- i-anvil engqukuva;
- izikere zokuvula;
- izikere zentsimbi ezithe tye;
- i-scraper yentsimbi;
- i-anvil engqukuva;
- i-rivet tensioner;
- i-riveter
- intsimbi yokuthambisa.
Umfanekiso 1 — izixhobo zokusetyenzwa kwentsimbi esisiseko.
Ukwenzela ukubumba ngokufanelekileyo amaphepha, kufuneka sazi iziseko ze-craft processing. Sisebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi ezikhethekileyo xa silungisa amaphepha; umzekelo, igcisa elinye elinobuchule lisebenza ngeentlobo ezingekho ngaphantsi kwe-19 zeehamile. Inani elincinci kakhulu lezixhobo ezifunekayo xa kusenziwa le misebenzi ekhaya. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa imizobo yezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Asinakukwazi ukuzichaza ngokweenkcukacha, kwaye asizukubonisa ezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
Ukuba umchweli wasekhaya enze le misebenzi, kuzo zonke iintlobo zeehamile, isihlazi-mbane esiphindiweyo kunye nesicwangcisi esiphindwe kabini zanele. Ihamile eyenziwe ngomthi okanye yerabha ikulungele ukolula, ukugoba kunye nokuhombisa imiphezulu emikhulu.
Ii-anvils ezenziwe ngezandla, ubukhulu becala ezimile okwezihlangu, ezisicaba nezingqukuva, ziyafuneka ukuze kubunjwe iimilo ezohlukeneyo. Iirim zenziwe nge-anvil, iincam ezine-anvil esongwayo, kwaye zijikeleza nge-anvil ejongene. Ezona “ziguquguqukayo” zeesheyi zokusika zentsimbi zizikere zemingxuma kunye nezikere ezithe ngqo. “Abancedi” abaluncedo sisikrapha esingunxantathu, i-riveter kunye nentsimbi yokuthambisa.
Ishiti lokusika isinyithi
Ukusika kufuna kuqala ukuphunga imigca ekwiphepha ngenaliti. Umgca osikiweyo owenziwe ngepensile ucinywa ngokulula kwaye ngoko awufanelekanga. Ukuba sinqumle imicu emide kwipleyiti ye-tin, kufuneka sibeke iphepha etafileni ukuze isiphelo somtya oza kunqunyulwa siphume ngaphandle komda wetafile ngeesentimitha ezimbalwa. Kwakhona siya kubeka ileth okanye ibhodi enye kwiqhekeza lesinyithi elibekwe kwibhentshi yokusebenza.
Ngexesha elifanayo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba iingalo ze-scissors, eziqiniswe ngokudibeneyo ngokusebenzisa izikrufu, zichasene kunye nee-angles ezifanelekileyo kwi-tin plate. I-scissors ekhululekile kunye ne-slanted ayinqumli, kodwa endaweni yoko igobe, i-crease kunye ne-jam ishidi phakathi kwee-blades. Inxalenye eqingqiweyo yephepha kufuneka ihlale ikwicala lasekunene lomgca wokusika. Sibeka umnwe omkhulu wesandla phakathi kweengalo ukuze sikwazi ukuhlukana emva kokusika.
Amashiti atyebileyo kuno-1 mm kuya kuba nzima ukuwasika ngesikere sesandla. Xa usika amaphepha obo bunzima, kungcono ukunqumla okufutshane kwaye rhoqo, kwaye ungalokothi ngeengcebiso zesikere. Ngokusika inxalenye yesikere kufuphi nejoyinti, sifaka isandla ekwenzeni ukuba isikere singabikho lula. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingalo zesikere zingapinki iminwe kunye nentende yesandla (umfanekiso 2, inxalenye yokuqala).
Umzobo 2 - inkqubo yokusika isinyithi sephepha ngesandla.
Ukuba sifuna ukusika imilo yesetyhula okanye ipleyiti yesetyhula, siya kubeka ishidi ukwenzela ukuba inxalenye efuna ukuwa ibe kwicala lasekhohlo lesikere. Ngale ndlela siyakwazi ukulandela umgca wokusika ngamehlo ethu. Siqala ukusika izivulo ezinkulu kwiphepha eliphakathi kwaye sinqumle ijika elibonisiweyo, umgca wokusika.
Ukuba sicinga ukuba amandla esandla sethu awanelanga ukusika, ngoko siya kubamba ingalo engezantsi yesikere kwi-vise. Ngesandla sasekunene, singenza uxinzelelo ngamandla amakhulu kwingalo ekhululekileyo yesikere, kwaye ngokunjalo nakwiphepha eliphakathi kweencakuba zezikere.
Kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo iitshiphusi ezincinci kunye neentsimbi ezijijekileyo. Zibukhali kwaye zinokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuba buthuntu imiphetho esanda kusikwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uqokelele kwaye ususe inkunkuma ngoko nangoko.
Iphepha lesinyithi linokunqunyulwa ngokulula ngesarha yomngxuma. I-blade ene-serrations ephakathi yanele ukusika imingxuma. Kwenzeka ukuba i-blade yamaphepha amancinci aqala “ukugubha” njengezandi zompu womatshini. Ukuba sinqumle ishidi elibhityileyo kakhulu ngesarha yomngxuma, engenakwenzeka ukukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kufuneka siyibambe phakathi kweebhodi ezimbini ezincinci, ezingenakusebenziseka kwezinye iinjongo. Ngale ndlela, asiyi kuba naziphi na iingxaki ngokusarha.
Ukugoba kwesinyithi seshiti
Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukugoba amaqhekeza amade e-tin, kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba senza isixhobo esilula. Iqulathe isiqwenga esinye sebhodi yokhuni, imilinganiselo80×40×3 cm, iziqwenga ezibini zemilinganiselo ye-engile ye-L30×30 mmkunye nobude80 cm, kunye neziqwenga ezibini zikaM8×6countersunk intloko bolt kunye wing nuts.
Sibhoboza iikona zentsimbi kunye nebhodi nge-stroke efanayo. Ngoncedo lwamantongomane ebhabhathane, ukulungelelanisa umgama ofunekayo, sifumana isixhobo sokuqinisa kunye nokugoba ishidi lesinyithi. Phakathi kweentsimbi ze-angle, sidlula iqhekeza elithile lentsimbi yokugoba. Emva kokuqinisa i-butterfly nuts, sigoba ngokuchanekileyo nangokulula i-sheet metal nge-angle ukuya130izidanga. Ngehamile yokhuni, sihlala senza imivimbo kufuphi nomgca wokugoba. Kunqweneleka ukurhabaxa imiphezulu yeeprofayili zekona ezibamba ishidi ngefayile. Xa ugoba, qaphela ukuba ungazilimazi, kuba iphepha lihamba kancinci (Fig2, inxalenye yesibini).
Ii-ayini ezimbini zee-engile zinokwenza isixhobo esiguqukayo nesiluncedo sokugoba isinyithi seshidi kwaye ke ukuba iziphelo zazo ezimbini zidityaniswe kunye neziphelo zomcu weshiti lobhedu ezinobunzima 1 mm kunye nobubanzi be-10 mm. Lo mcu uthintela iikona zentsimbi ekuweni xa kuvulwa i-mangel. Sibeka esi sixhobo esilula kwi-vise ukwenzela ukuba ii-irons ze-angle zenze indawo ethe tyaba ukusuka phezulu, kunye nethuba lokubeka iphepha elithe nkqo phakathi kwabo (umfanekiso 3, inxalenye yokuqala)
Amashiti anokugotywa lula kulo naliphi na icala. Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthathwe, ngokukodwa ngamashiti atyebileyo, ukuba ukugoba kunokwaphula iphepha ukuba lenziwa nge-angle ebukhali kakhulu kwaye ngaphandle kwe-arc. Singakunqanda oku kuphazamiseka ukuba senza ukugoba ngokuvuthela kwesando esilula, inkqubela phambili kancinane kwaye siligoba iphepha kwelinye icala lesalathiso sokuqengqeleka. Izalathisi eziqengqelekayo kumphezulu weshiti zimele imigca enxuseneyo enokubonwa ngeliso lenyama okanye ngeglasi yokukhulisa.
Zinc sheets zinovakalelo ngakumbi ekuqhekekeni. Kufuneka zigoqwe ngononophelo kuba zibiza kakhulu. Sisusa imida eyingozi yamaphepha ngokwenza imida. Oku akukho nto ngaphezu kokusonga imiphetho. Ukuba sicinga ukuba ishidi liza kuqhekeka ngeli xesha le nkqubo, kufuneka sifake intonga yentsimbi yobunzima 4–5 mm kwindawo egotyiweyo kwaye ubethe umgca wephepha elijikelezayo (umfanekiso 3, inxalenye yesithathu).
Umfanekiso 3 — ukugoba, ukugoba kunye nokubunjwa kwephepha lesinyithi.
Ukuhlela nokusonga
Ukuba ishidi liyi-wavy, ngoko kufuneka sililule, siyenza ngeshim eyenziwe ngeplate yentsimbi kunye nobukhulu be-6–10 mm, kwaye ngokuvuthela kwesando sinokufezekisa utshintsho olumangalisayo.
Izangqa zeepleyiti ezijikelezayo zihlala zenziwe. Umzekelo, oku kunokuba kukugoba umda womzantsi womgqomo wamalahle phambi kokuwuncamathelisa, okanye ukwandisa isiphelo semibhobho yenkcenkce ezantsi kokufakela. Senza lo msebenzi usebenzisa ityhubhu yentsimbi esiyibamba ngeepliers kwaye phezu kwayo, ngokuyijika kwisangqa, sigoba umda weplate yesetyhula ukuya phezulu (umfanekiso 3, inxalenye yesibini)
Ngokusebenzisa imibhobho yentsimbi ebekwe ngokuthe nkqo, eqiniswe kwii-mangels, sinokusonga imiphetho yengubo ye-roller. Ukubeka imiphetho kunye nokwandiswa ngokolula i-cylindrical hollow sheet imizimba yentsimbi yenziwa kwincam yeepleyiti zentsimbi ezisele zikhankanyiwe (“iipleyiti zasekunene”).
Ukudityaniswa kwemizimba evulekileyo eyenziwe ngamashiti kubizwa ngokuba kukusonga okanye ukusonga. Ngale ndlela, sinokuncamathisela umzantsi womgqomo wamalahle kumzimba we-roller. Okokuqala, sigoba umda wezantsi ukuya phezulu kwisangqa ukwenzela ukuba sibeke kwindawo eyandisiweyo, engenanto, i-cylindrical esele ilungiselelwe kwangaphambili. Emva koko siphinda sidibanise ishidi ngeemvuthuko zesando kwaye siphephe kakuhle kumda wengubo ye-roller. Umphetho omileyo owenziwe ngale ndlela uwela, kwisiqwenga sombhobho, kwindawo yecylindrical.
Ngaphambi kobude “ukuthunga” inxalenye ye-cylindrical yomkhumbi, sinqumle ishidi ukwenzela ukuba ubude bokugqithwa kweziphelo ubuncinane 20° yesangqa. Ukugoba kwesetyhula kwengubo kwenziwa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa i-mangal kunye neqhekeza lombhobho elibekwe ngokuthe tye. Siqala ukugoqa iinxalenye zengubo kwinqanaba elichukumisayo, uze udibanise imiphetho edibeneyo kwaye uyihlanganise. Sibethelela umphetho owenziwe ngale ndlela kwinqwelomoya yengubo kwilath eboshwe kwiimantels.
I-angular “wave” yenziwe kusetyenziswa icandelo elinye elixande.