Security Note: Nov yog cov ntawv sau tseg los ntawm 2018. xyoo, thiab tsis yog kev qhia rau kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Sheet hlau npoo thiab chips tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob hnyav, thaum txiav, khoov, vuam thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej xav tau kev txawj ntse tsim nyog, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab chaw ua haujlwm nyab xeeb. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau tso siab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev nyab xeeb kev ua haujlwm thiab cov lus qhia ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom tsim khoom.
Daim ntawv thov hlau yog ib feem ntawm kev tsim cov ntoo niaj hnub. Mus saib peb ntoo-aluminium Qhov rais, tsim thiab kev pabcuam, lossis xa thov lus.
Sheet hlau hom thiab lawv cov khoom
Hauv kev xyaum hauv tsev, tej zaum cov hlau yog feem ntau siv, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim hlau thiab nplooj ntawv, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Feem ntau, nws yog ua tiav nrog cov ntawv hlau nrog lub thickness tsawg dua4 mm(kev tshaj lij hu ua cov ntawv hlau zoo), qhov ntev2×1 m, uas yog tsim los ntawm kub los yog txias dov. Qhov saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv txias-dov yog smoother thiab dawb los ntawm cov cim dub ntawm kub dov. Lawv qhov chaw tuaj yeem stained lossis dub (tsis muaj staining). Lub hardness ntawm daim ntawv hloov pauv ntau, los ntawm lub xeev ntawm elasticity mus rau lub xeev ntawm softness, thaum peb muaj peev xwm dent nws nrog ib tug ntoo rauj.
Los ntawm daim ntawv dub, uas yog mus txog 1 mm, peb feem ntau ua cov khoom rougher. Tib yam tuaj yeem yooj yim txiav nrog cov ntawv hlau txiab.
Galvanized, tinned thiab galvanized ntawv
Galvanized hlau los xij yog cov ntawv hlau uas tau muab tshuaj pleev xim rau ntawm ob sab nrog cov txheej txheej zinc. Cov nplooj ntawv no feem ntau yog siv thaum ua kab rov tav thiab ntsug gutters rau cov kua dej atmospheric.
Lawv qhov ntev yog kwv yees li qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov ntawv hlau tinned, uas yog mus txog 1 mm, thiab qhov ntev yog 530 × 760 mm. Cov ntawv tuab dua 1 mm yog 2 × 1 m, yog li hom ntawv coated no yog ib qho yooj yim los lis. Tom qab hnav cov zinc lossis tin tiv thaiv txheej, cov nplooj ntawv corrode. Cov txheej tiv thaiv no ua rau nws nyuaj rau siv cov xim pleev xim rau lawv qhov chaw, vim tias cov xim tsis ua raws li lawv.
Cov khoom siv tiag tiag ntawm cov ntawv hlau sab nrauv yog cov ntawv zinc. Hmoov tsis, nws yog qhov nyuaj dua kom tau txais, txawm tias txhua yam haujlwm uas raug huab cua yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm daim ntawv no.
tooj dag, tooj liab thiab txhuas ntawv
Brass nplooj tuaj yeem tau txais ntau qhov ntev thiab qib ntawm lub zog. Lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias lawv tau yooj yim soldered, thiab lawv qhov tsis zoo yog cov ntsiab lus tin khov thiab crystallizes hauv qhov chaw raug Frost, uas yog vim li cas lawv tom qab tawg, hnav thiab tawg. Ib txheej ntsuab ntawm oxide, patina, yog tsim rau ntawm lawv qhov chaw, uas ua rau tooj dag tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua cutlery, tab sis haum rau ua cov khoom dai, teeb thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntawv tooj liab yog dawb los ntawm qhov tsis xws ntawm tooj dag tshwm sim los ntawm Frost. Lub softer hom ntawm daim ntawv no yog ib tug zoo heev puag khoom rau cov alloy, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau txheej txheem thiab solder, nws yog ib tug zoo conductor ntawm tshav kub thiab yog li ntawd nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov thermotechnical khoom.
Aluminium ntawv yog dav siv. Lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntev thiab thicknesses, thiab muaj sib txawv hardness. Lawv yooj yim rau txheej txheem. Ntawm lawv qhov chaw, yog tias lawv tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev (piv txwv li, anodized), txheej ntawm oxide yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hmoov.
Lawv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo tshaj yog tias lawv tuaj yeem polished rau daim iav ci thiab tias lawv qhov hnyav yog ib feem peb ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv hlau ntawm qhov sib xws. Lawv qhov tsis zoo yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm, tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus cua sov thiab tiv taus cov neeg kho tshuab cuam tshuam.
Sheet hlau ua haujlwm cov cuab yeej
Muaj ntau yam cuab yeej siv rau kev ua cov ntawv hlau los ua cov ntawv hlau.
Daim duab 1 qhia:
- rauj tsav tsheb;
- Leveling rauj;
- ntoo rauj;
- flat anvil;
- spherical anvil;
- hemming pob tawb;
- folding pob tawb;
- puag ncig lub dab teg;
- qhib txiab;
- ncaj daim ntawv hlau txiav;
- scraper rau hlau;
- puag ncig lub dab teg;
- rivet tensioner;
- tus dej ntws;
- soldering hlau.
Duab 1 — cov cuab yeej ua cov ntawv hlau yooj yim.
Yuav kom ua tau zoo ntawm cov nplooj ntawv, peb yuav tsum paub cov hauv paus ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua. Peb siv ntau yam cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thaum ua cov ntawv; Piv txwv li, ib tug kws txawj craftsman ua hauj lwm nrog tsawg tshaj li 19 hom rauj. Cov cuab yeej tsawg tsawg yog xav tau thaum ua cov haujlwm no hauv tsev. Daim duab 1 qhia cov duab kos ntawm cov cuab yeej siv feem ntau. Peb tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia meej, lossis peb yuav tsis qhia lwm yam cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Rau lub tsev craftsman ua tej hauj lwm no, ntawm txhua yam ntawm rauj, ib tug ob reamer thiab ob chav planer yog txaus. Ib tug ntoo los yog roj hmab rauj yog tsim nyog rau straightening, dabtsi yog khoov thiab edging loj nto.
Manual anvils, feem ntau horseshoe-zoo li tus, tiaj tus thiab kheej kheej, yog xav tau rau shaping ntau yam duab. Cov rims yog zoo li tus nrog ib tug rim anvil, npoo nrog ib tug folding anvil, thiab riveting nrog lub ntsej muag anvil. Qhov feem ntau “ntau yam” ntawm cov ntawv hlau txiav txiav yog qhov txiav thiab txiav ncaj. Pab tau “tus pab” yog daim duab peb sab scraper, riveter thiab soldering hlau.
Sheet hlau txiav
Txiav yuav tsum tau ua ntej steaming cov kab ntawm daim ntawv nrog ib rab koob. Ib txoj kab txiav kos nrog xaum yog yooj yim tshem tawm thiab yog li tsis haum. Yog tias peb txiav cov strips ntev los ntawm lub phaj tin, peb yuav tsum nteg daim ntawv ntawm lub rooj kom qhov kawg ntawm cov sawb yuav raug txiav tawm sab nraud ntawm ntug ntawm lub rooj los ntawm ob peb centimeters. Peb tseem yuav muab ib lub lath lossis board rau ntawm ib daim ntawv hlau tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Tib lub sijhawm, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tias caj npab ntawm txiab, uas tau nruj rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke los ntawm cov ntsia hlau, yog qhov sib txawv thiab ntawm txoj cai kaum rau lub phaj tin. Xaws thiab slanted txiab tsis txiav, tab sis es tsis txhob khoov, crease thiab jam daim ntawv ntawm cov hniav. Qhov txiav ntawm daim ntawv yuav tsum ib txwm nyob rau sab xis ntawm txoj kab txiav. Peb muab tus ntiv tes loj ntawm tes nruab nrab ntawm caj npab kom peb tuaj yeem cais lawv tom qab txiav.
Cov nplooj tuab dua 1 mm yuav nyuaj rau txiav nrog txiab txiab. Thaum txiav cov nplooj ntawv ntawm qhov tuab, nws yog qhov zoo dua los txiav luv luv thiab ntau zaus, thiab tsis txhob nrog cov lus qhia ntawm txiab. Los ntawm kev txiav ib feem ntawm cov txiab nyob ze ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, peb pab ua kom cov txiab tsis tshua tau daig. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom cov caj npab ntawm txiab tsis txhob kov cov ntiv tes thiab xib teg ntawm tes (daim duab 2, thawj ntu).
Daim duab 2 - phau ntawv cov txheej txheem hlau txiav.
Yog tias peb yuav tsum tau txiav ib lub voj voog lossis lub voj voog, peb yuav muab cov ntawv tso rau qhov uas yuav tsum tau poob yog nyob rau sab laug ntawm cov txiab. Txoj kev no peb muaj peev xwm ua raws li txoj kab txiav nrog peb lub qhov muag. Peb pib txiav cov qhov qhib loj dua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab muab kauv txiav cov qhia nkhaus, txiav kab.
Yog tias peb xav tias lub zog ntawm peb txhais tes tsis txaus rau kev txiav, ces peb yuav clamp lub caj npab ntawm txiab rau hauv lub vise. Nrog sab tes xis, peb tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog nrog lub zog ntau dua ntawm lub caj npab dawb ntawm txiab, thiab yog li ntawm daim ntawv uas nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hniav ntawm txiab.
Peb yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov chips me me thiab twisted daim ntawv hlau. Lawv yog rab chais ntse thiab tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob hnyav. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau blunt qhov txiav tshiab tam sim ntawd, thiab sau thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab tam sim ntawd.
Cov ntawv hlau tuaj yeem yooj yim txiav nrog lub qhov pom. Ib tug hniav nrog nruab nrab serrations yog txaus rau txiav qhov. Nws tshwm sim tias cov hniav rau cov ntawv nyias pib “jerk” zoo li lub suab ntawm lub tshuab phom tawg. Yog hais tias peb txiav ib daim ntawv nyias nyias nrog lub qhov pom, uas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom fasten txaus, peb yuav tsum clamp nws ntawm ob thinner boards, uas yog siv tsis tau rau lwm lub hom phiaj. Ua li no, peb yuav tsis muaj teeb meem nrog sawing.
Sheet hlau dabtsi yog khoov
Yog tias tsim nyog los khoov cov tin ntev, nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias peb ua cov cuab yeej yooj yim. Nws muaj ib daim ntawm hardwood board, qhov ntev80×40×3 cm, ob daim ntawm L lub kaum ntse ntse30×30 mmthiab ntev80 cm, nrog rau ob daim ntawm M8×6countersunk taub hau ntsia liaj qhov rooj nrog tis ceev.
Peb tho cov ces kaum hlau thiab lub rooj tsavxwm nrog tib lub stroke. Nrog kev pab los ntawm npauj npaim ceev, kho qhov kev ncua deb, peb tau txais ib lub cuab yeej rau zawm thiab khoov daim ntawv hlau. Nruab nrab ntawm lub kaum sab xis hlau, peb dhau ib daim ntawv hlau rau kev khoov. Tom qab zawm cov npauj npaim ceev, peb raug thiab yooj yim khoov cov ntawv hlau ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau130qib. Nrog ib tug ntoo rauj, peb ib txwm ua tshuab ze rau ntawm txoj kab bending. Nws yog ntshaw kom roughen qhov chaw ntawm lub ces kaum profiles uas clamp daim ntawv nrog ib cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum khoov, saib xyuas kom tsis txhob raug mob rau koj tus kheej, vim tias daim ntawv txav me ntsis elastically (Fig2, thib ob).
Ob lub kaum sab xis hlau tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau yam thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev khoov cov ntawv hlau thiab tom qab ntawd yog tias lawv ob qhov kawg yog soldered ua ke nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm ib daim ntawv tooj liab nrog lub thickness ntawm 1 mm thiab qhov dav ntawm 10 mm. Cov sawb no tiv thaiv cov kaum hlau los ntawm kev poob thaum lub mangel qhib. Peb muab cov cuab yeej yooj yim no tso rau hauv lub vise kom lub kaum sab xis hlau tsim ib qho chaw tiaj tus los ntawm saum toj no, nrog rau kev tso ib daim ntawv ntsug ntawm lawv (daim duab 3, thawj ntu).
Cov nplooj tuaj yeem khoov tau yooj yim hauv txhua qhov kev taw qhia. Kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov ntawv tuab, uas khoov tuaj yeem tawg daim ntawv yog tias nws tau ua ntawm lub kaum ntse ntse thiab tsis muaj arc. Peb tuaj yeem zam qhov tsis yooj yim no yog tias peb ua qhov khoov nrog lub teeb rauj tshuab, ua haujlwm qeeb thiab khoov daim ntawv mus rau sab nraud ntawm qhov kev taw qhia dov. Cov lus qhia dov ntawm daim ntawv saum npoo sawv cev rau cov kab txaij sib luag uas tuaj yeem pom nrog lub qhov muag liab qab lossis iav tsom iav.
Zinc cov nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb rau kev tawg. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tais ua tib zoo vim lawv kim heev. Peb tshem tawm cov npoo txaus ntshai ntawm cov nplooj ntawv los ntawm kev ua cov npoo. Qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li folding cov npoo. Yog tias peb xav tias daim ntawv yuav tawg thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem no, peb yuav tsum tau ntxig ib lub voj voog hlau ntawm tuab 4–5 mm rau hauv qhov folded thiab ntaus ntug ntawm daim ntawv nyob ib ncig ntawm nws (daim duab 3, thib peb).
Duab 3 — khoov, edging thiab shaping ntawm cov ntawv hlau.
Edging thiab folding
Yog tias daim ntawv yog wavy, yog li peb yuav tsum ncab nws, peb ua nws nrog lub shim ua los ntawm steel phaj nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 6–10 mm, thiab nrog rauj tshuab peb tuaj yeem ua tiav cov kev hloov tsis txaus ntseeg.
Rounds ntawm daim hlau yog feem ntau ua. Piv txwv li, qhov no tuaj yeem khoov ntawm ntug ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm lub pob zeb ua ntej txuas nws, lossis nthuav qhov kawg ntawm cov kav dej hauv qab ntawm qhov haum. Peb ua txoj haujlwm no siv lub raj hlau uas peb clamp nrog cov pliers thiab ntawm nws, los ntawm kev tig nws hauv lub voj voog, peb khoov lub npoo ntawm lub voj voog mus rau sab saud (daim duab 3, thib ob).
Los ntawm txoj kab ntsug vertically muab cov kav hlau, uas tau nruj rau hauv mangels, peb tuaj yeem quav cov npoo ntawm cov menyuam lub tsho. Tso cov npoo thiab nthuav tawm los ntawm kev ncab cylindrical hollow sheet hlau lub cev yog ua rau ntawm ntug ntawm cov ntawv uas twb tau hais tseg (“txoj cai daim hlau”).
Kev sib koom ntawm lub cev hollow ua los ntawm cov ntawv yog hu ua edging lossis folding. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, peb tseem tuaj yeem txuas cov hauv qab ntawm cov thee rau hauv cov menyuam lub cev. Ua ntej, peb khoov ntug ntawm lub hauv qab upwards nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muab nws nyob rau hauv lub expansion, hollow, cylindrical ib feem uas twb tau npaj ua ntej. Tom qab ntawd peb quav daim ntawv dua nrog lub tshuab ntawm rauj thiab coj mus rhaub kom zoo tshaj ntawm ntug ntawm lub tsho tiv no. Qhov sawv ntsug tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev no ntog, ntawm cov yeeb nkab, ntawm qhov cylindrical.
Ua ntej longitudinally “stitching” cylindrical ib feem ntawm lub nkoj, peb txiav daim ntawv kom qhov ntev ntawm qhov sib tshooj ntawm qhov kawg yog tsawg kawg yog 20° ntawm lub voj voog. Lub voj voog khoov ntawm lub mantle yog ua tiav siv lub mangel nrog ib daim ntawm cov yeeb nkab tso rau kab rov tav. Peb xub quav qhov seem ntawm lub mantle ntawm qhov taw tes ntawm cov npoo kov, tom qab ntawd koom nrog cov npoo folded thiab xaws lawv ua ke. Peb rauj lub ntug tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev no rau hauv lub dav hlau ntawm lub mantle ntawm lub lath clamped nyob rau hauv mantels.
Ib angular “yoj” yog zoo li tus siv ib seem.