Pepa — ʻoki, kūlou a me ka pelu ʻana i ka metala

Noho Palekana: He kikokikona hoʻonaʻauao waihona kēia mai 2018. makahiki, ʻaʻole ia he ʻōlelo aʻo no ka hana kūʻokoʻa o ka hana metala. Hiki i nā ʻaoʻao metala a me nā ʻāpana ke hōʻeha koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana, ke kuʻo ʻana, ke kūʻai ʻana a me ka hana ʻana me nā mea hana e pono ai ka ʻike kūpono, nā mea pale a me kahi wahi hana palekana. Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka hana i nā mea ʻaelike kūpono a hoʻokō ʻia e like me nā lula kūpono o ka palekana ʻoihana a me nā ʻōlelo a ka mea hana a me nā mea hana.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metala he ʻāpana o ka hana ʻana o ke kamana hou. E nānā i kā mākou pukapuka lāʻau-aluminum, production a me lawelawe, a i ʻole e hoʻouna i noi no ka ʻōlelo.

ʻAno metala a me ko lākou mau waiwai

Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa home, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā metala, ma ke ʻano o nā papa a me nā lau, ʻo ia ka mea nui. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me nā ʻāpana hao liʻiliʻi ma mua o 4 mm (i kapa ʻia ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi), nā ana 2 × 1 m, i hana ʻia e ka ʻōwili wela a i ʻole ke anu. ʻOi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka ʻili o ka pepa i ʻōwili ʻia i ke anuanu a me ka ʻole o nā kaha ʻeleʻele o ka ʻōwili wela. Hiki ke ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ko lākou ʻili (me ka ʻole o ka ʻili). Hoʻololi nui ka paʻakikī o ka lau, mai kahi kūlana o ka elasticity a i kahi kūlana palupalu, ke hiki ke niho me ka hāmare lāʻau.

Mai ka pepa ʻeleʻele, a hiki i 1 mm, hana nui mākou i nā mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Hiki ke ʻoki maʻalahi me nā ʻoki metala.

Pepa uʻi, ʻumeke a me ka pepa galvanized

ʻO nā ʻili hao hao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua me ka uhi ʻana o ka zinc. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau pepa i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻauwai ākea a me ke kūpaʻa no ka hoʻokahe ʻana i ka wai o ka lewa.

Ua like ko lakou mau ana me na ana o na pepa hao tini, a hiki i 1 mm, a o na ana he 530 × 760 mm. ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o nā pepa ma mua o 1 mm ʻo 2 × 1 m, no laila, maʻalahi kēia ʻano pepa i uhi ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka zinc a i ʻole ka papa pale pale, e ʻino nā lau. He mea paʻakikī kēia mau ʻāpana pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi uhi pena i ko lākou mau ʻili, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pili ka pena iā lākou.

ʻO ka mea maoli o ka hana metala o waho he pepa zinc. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo nā hana āpau i ʻike ʻia i ke aniau e hana ʻia me kēia pepa.

keleawe, keleawe a me ka pepa alumini

Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻāpana keleawe ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole a me nā degere o ka ikaika. ʻO kā lākou pōmaikaʻi nui, ʻo ia ka maʻalahi o ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana, a ʻo ko lākou hemahema, ʻo ka maloʻo a me ka crystallize o ka ʻiʻo ma nā wahi i ʻike ʻia i ka hau, ʻo ia ke kumu i haki ai, ʻaʻahu a pohā. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi papa ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka oxide, patina, ma luna o ko lākou mau ʻili, kahi i kūpono ʻole ai ke keleawe no ka hana ʻana i nā mea ʻokiʻoki, akā kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonani, nā kukui a me nā mea like.

ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā hemahema o ke keleawe i hana ʻia e ka hau. ʻO ke ʻano palupalu o kēia pepa he kumu kumu maikaʻi loa ia no ka alloy, maʻalahi ke hana a me ka solder, he conductor maikaʻi o ka wela a no laila ua hoʻohana pono ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana thermotechnical.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pepa alumini. Hana ʻia lākou ma nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā mānoanoa, a he ʻokoʻa ka paʻakikī. He maʻalahi lākou e hana. Ma luna o ko lākou mau ʻili, inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia lākou ma kekahi ʻano (e like me ka anodized), hana ʻia kahi papa o ka oxide ma ke ʻano o ka pauka.

ʻO ko lākou pōmaikaʻi nui loa, ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e like me ka ʻālohilohi o ke aniani a ʻo ko lākou kaumaha he hapakolu o ke kaumaha o nā ʻāpana hao like ʻole. ʻO kā lākou hemahema, ʻaʻole lākou e kūʻai aku, ʻaʻole kū i ka wela a kū ʻole i nā hopena mechanical.

Mea hana metala

He heluna nui o nā mea hana like ʻole no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka pepa metala no ka hana ʻana i ka hana metala.

Ke hōʻike nei ke kiʻi 1:

1. kaʻa hāmare;
2. hāmare pae;
3. hāmare lāʻau;
4. paʻa paʻa;
5. ʻōpoepoe anvil;
6. hemming anvil;
7. kuʻekuʻe pelu;
8. poepoe anvil;
9. ʻoki puka;
10. ʻāhi metala palahalaha;
11. mea hao no ka metala;
12. poepoe anvil;
13. mea hoʻopaneʻe rivet;
14. riveter;
15. hao hao.

Kiʻi 1 — nā mea hana hana metala maʻamau.

I mea e hana pono ai i na pepa, pono kakou e ike i ke kumu o ka hana hana. Hoʻohana mākou i nā mea hana kūikawā he nui i ka wā e hana ai i nā pepa; no ka laʻana, hana kekahi kanaka akamai me ka emi ʻole o 19 ʻano hamare. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea hana i ka wā e hana ai i kēia mau hana ma ka home. Hōʻike ke kiʻi 1 i nā kaha kiʻi o nā mea hana maʻamau. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke wehewehe kikoʻī iā lākou, ʻaʻole mākou e hōʻike i nā mea hana kūikawā ʻē aʻe.

No ka mea hana hale e hana i keia mau hana, o na ano hamare a pau, ua lawa ka reamer a me ka papalua. He kūpono ka hāmare lāʻau a i ʻole ka hāmare no ka hoʻopololei ʻana, ka piko a me ke kāʻei ʻana i nā ʻili nui.

Pono nā anvils lima, ma ke ʻano he kāmaʻa lio, pālahalaha a me ka pōʻai, no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hana ʻia nā rims me kahi anvil rim, nā ʻaoʻao me kahi anvil pelui, a me ka riveting me kahi anvil e kū pono ana. ’O ka ’oi loa o ka ’oki ’oki pepa ’o ia ka ’ako lua a me ka ’ako pololei. ʻO nā “kōkua” pono he ʻokiʻoki triangular, he riveter a me ka hao hao.

ʻoki metala

ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana, pono e puhi mua i nā laina ma ka pepa me ka nila. ʻO kahi laina ʻoki i kaha ʻia me kahi penikala e holoi maʻalahi ʻia a no laila ʻaʻole kūpono. Inā ʻoki mākou i nā ʻāpana lōʻihi mai kahi pā kini, pono mākou e kau i ka pepa ma luna o ka pākaukau i hiki i ka hopena o ka ʻoki e ʻoki ʻia ma waho o ka lihi o ka pākaukau ma kahi mau kenimika. E kau pū mākou i hoʻokahi lath a i ʻole papa ma luna o kahi ʻāpana metala i kau ʻia ma luna o ka pā hana.

I ka manawa like, pono e mālama pono i nā lima o nā ʻoki, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hui ʻana me nā ʻūlū, e kūʻē a ma nā kihi ʻākau i ka pā pā. ʻAʻole ʻoki ʻia nā ʻoki ʻoki ʻoki a ʻokiʻoki, akā e kūlou, e ʻoki a hoʻopaʻa i ka lau ma waena o nā lau. Pono ka ʻāpana ʻoki o ka lau ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka laina ʻoki. Hoʻokomo mākou i ka manamana nui o ka lima ma waena o nā lima i hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana.

Pepa mānoanoa ma mua o 1 mm paʻakikī ke ʻoki ʻia me nā ʻoki lima. I ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻāpana o kēlā mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoki pōkole a ʻoi aku ka pinepine, ʻaʻole loa me ka ʻokiʻoki. Ma ka ʻoki ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻokiʻoki kokoke i ka hui, hāʻawi mākou i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā ʻoki. Pono e mālama ʻia ʻaʻole e kui nā lima o ka ʻoki i nā manamana lima a me ka poho lima (kiʻi 2, ʻāpana mua).

Kiʻi 2 — nā kaʻina hana ʻoki metala pepa.

Inā pono mākou e ʻoki i ke ʻano pōʻai a i ʻole ka pā pōʻai, e kau mākou i ka pepa i mea e hāʻule ai ka ʻāpana ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻoki. Ma kēia ala hiki iā mākou ke hahai i ka laina ʻoki me ko mākou mau maka. Hoʻomaka mākou e ʻoki i nā puka nui ma ka lau ma ka waena a ʻokiʻoki i ka pihi i hōʻike ʻia, ʻoki laina.

Inā manaʻo mākou ʻaʻole lawa ka ikaika o ko mākou lima no ka ʻoki ʻana, a laila e hoʻopaʻa mākou i ka lima lalo o ka ʻokiʻoki i kahi ʻoki. Me ka lima ʻākau, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoikaika me ka ikaika nui ma ka lima kūʻokoʻa o ka ʻokiʻoki, a pēlā nō hoʻi ma ka pepa ma waena o nā lau o ka ʻoki.

Pono mākou e makaʻala i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana metala wili. He pahi pahi ia a hiki ke hōʻeha nui. Pono e ʻoki koke i nā ʻaoʻao i ʻoki ʻia, a e hōʻiliʻili a wehe koke i ka ʻōpala.

Hiki ke ʻoki maʻalahi me ka ʻili puka. Ua lawa ka maka me nā serration waena no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lua. E hoʻomaka ana ka maka o nā ʻili lahilahi e “hoe” e like me ke kani ʻana o ka pū mīkini. Inā ʻoki mākou i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi me ka ʻike lua, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia, pono mākou e hoʻopaʻa iā ia ma waena o ʻelua mau papa lahilahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā kumu ʻē aʻe. Ma kēia ala, ʻaʻohe pilikia o ka ʻili.

Piʻo metala

Inā pono e kulou i nā ʻāpana tin lōʻihi, e pono ke hana mākou i kahi mea maʻalahi. Hoʻokahi ʻāpana o ka papa lāʻau paʻa, nā ana80×40×3 cm, ʻelua ʻāpana o nā ana kihi L30×30 mma me ka lōʻihi80 cm, a me ʻelua ʻāpana M8×6ʻo ke poʻo countersunk me nā hua ʻēheu.

Hoʻokuʻu mākou i nā kihi hao a me ka papa me ka hahau like. Me ke kōkua o nā nati butterfly, hoʻoponopono i ka mamao i koi ʻia, loaʻa iā mākou kahi mea hana no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ke kuʻi ʻana i ka metala. Ma waena o nā hao kihi, hele mākou i kekahi ʻāpana metala no ke kulou ʻana. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā nuts butterfly, e kulou pololei a maʻalahi mākou i ka lau metala ma kahi kihi130degere. Me ka hāmare lāʻau, hana mau mākou i nā pupuhi kokoke i ka laina kulou. Makemake ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻili o nā ʻaoʻao kihi e hoʻopili ai i ka lau me kahi faila. I ka wā e kulou ai, e makaʻala ʻaʻole e hōʻeha iā ʻoe iho, no ka mea, e neʻe iki ka lau (Fig2, hapa lua).

Hiki i nā hao kihi ʻelua ke hana i mea hana maʻalahi a pono no ke kuʻi ʻana i ka pepa metala a laila inā e hoʻohui ʻia ko lāua mau welau ʻelua me nā welau o kahi ʻāpana keleawe me ka mānoanoa o 1 mm a me ka laulā o 10 mm. Mālama kēia ʻāpala i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā kihi hao i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai ka mangel. Hoʻokomo mākou i kēia mea maʻalahi i loko o ka vise i mea e hana ai nā hao kihi i kahi pālahalaha mai luna mai, me ka hiki ke kau i kahi pepa kū i waena o lākou (kiʻi 3, hapa mua).

Hiki ke piʻo maʻalahi nā pepa ma kekahi ʻaoʻao. Pono e mālama ʻia, ʻoi aku hoʻi me nā ʻāpana ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, hiki i ke kulou ʻana ke wāwahi i ka ʻili inā hana ʻia ma kahi kihi ʻoi loa a ʻaʻohe arc. Hiki iā mākou ke pale i kēia pilikia inā mākou e hana i ke kuʻi ʻana me ka hāmama māmā, hoʻolōʻihi i ka holomua a hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻaoʻao i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ke ala ʻōwili. Hōʻike nā ʻaoʻao ʻōwili ma ka ʻili pepa i nā kaha like ʻole e ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe a i ʻole ke aniani hoʻonui.

ʻO nā pepa Zinc ka mea maʻalahi i ka haki ʻana. Pono e pelu pono ia no ka mea he pipiʻi. Wehe mākou i nā ʻaoʻao weliweli o nā lau ma ka hana ʻana i nā kihi. ʻAʻole kēia he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka pelu ʻana i nā kihi. Inā manaʻo mākou e haki ka pepa i kēia kaʻina hana, pono mākou e hoʻokomo i kahi koʻokoʻo hao poepoe o ka mānoanoa 4–5 mm i loko o ka ʻāpana i pelu ʻia a paʻi i ka lihi o ka pepa a puni (kiʻi 3, hapa ʻekolu).

Kiʻi 3 — ke kulou, ka lihi a me ka hana ʻana o ka pepa metala.

ʻO ke kihi a me ka pelu ʻana

Inā ʻaleʻale ka pepa, no laila pono mākou e kikoo, hana mākou me ka ʻōniʻoniʻo i hana ʻia me ka pā kila me ka mānoanoa o 6–10 mm, a me nā hāmare hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokō i nā loli kamahaʻo.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pōʻai o nā papa pōʻai. No ka laʻana, hiki i kēia ke hoʻopōloli i ka lihi o lalo o kahi pahu lanahu ma mua o ka hoʻopili ʻana, a i ʻole e hoʻomāhuahua i ka hopena o nā paipu pī ma lalo o ka paipu. Hana mākou i kēia hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka paipu hao a mākou e hoʻopaʻa ai me nā pliers a ma luna o ia mea, ma ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka pōʻai, e kulou mākou i ka lihi o ka pā pōʻai i luna (kiʻi 3, ʻāpana ʻelua).

Ma o nā paipu hao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke poʻo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā mangels, hiki iā mākou ke pelu i nā kihi o ka ʻaʻahu ʻōwili. ʻO ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao a me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana ma o ka hohola ʻana i nā kino metala hollow cylindrical e hana ʻia ma ka lihi o nā papa kila hoʻopololei i ʻōlelo mua ʻia (“nā papa ʻākau”).

ʻO ka hui ʻana o nā kino puha i hana ʻia me nā ʻili pepa i kapa ʻia he edging a i ʻole pelu ʻia. Ma kēia ala, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopili i ka lalo o ka pahu lanahu i ke kino roller. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻopololei mākou i ka lihi o lalo i luna i kahi pōʻai i mea e kau ai i loko o ka ʻāpana hoʻonui, hollow, cylindrical i hoʻomākaukau mua ʻia. A laila, hoʻopili hou mākou i ka pepa me nā pā o ka hāmare a paʻi maikaʻi ma ka lihi o ka ʻaʻahu roller. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao kū i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻano e hāʻule, ma ka ʻāpana paipu, ma ka ʻāpana cylindrical.

Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa lōʻihi ʻana i ka ʻāpana cylindrical o ka moku, ʻoki mākou i ka pepa i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka uhi ʻana o nā welau i 20° o ka pōʻai. Hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ka pōʻai ʻana o ka ʻaʻahu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mangel me kahi ʻāpana paipu i kau ʻia ma ke ākea. Hoʻopili mua mākou i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻaʻahu ma ka lae o nā ʻaoʻao pili, a laila hoʻohui i nā ʻaoʻao i pelu ʻia a humuhumu pū. Hāmala mākou i ka lihi i hana ʻia ma kēia ʻano i loko o ka mokulele o ka ʻaʻahu ma ka lath i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā mantel.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka “hawewe” kihi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻehā.