Ukushisisa — oshimula, oshimula nokusalungiswa

Inothi Lokuvikeleka: Lona umbhalo wokufundisa ofakwe kungobo yomlando oshicilelwe yi-2018. unyaka, hhayi imiyalelo yokufakwa okuzimele, ukulungiswa noma ukulungiswa kwezitofu, oshimula namasistimu kawoyela kawoyela. Umsebenzi onjalo kufanele unikezwe umuntu oqeqeshiwe wokushanela ushimula, umkhandi noma omunye uchwepheshe ofanelekile, ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo esebenzayo kanye neziqondiso zomkhiqizi wedivayisi ethile.

Ukuze uthole ukuhlela kwesimanje kwemvilophu yamandla yesakhiwo, bheka amawindi okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium kanye nezinkonzo. Ngephrojekthi ethile, ungathumela isicelo sekhotheshini.

Izitofu, ushimula namapayipi

Incazelo enemininingwane yazo zonke izinhlobo zezitofu izodinga ibhuku elikhethekile elihlukile. Lapha sizochaza izinhlobo eziyinhloko kuphela futhi sinikeze iseluleko mayelana nokufakwa kweziko namapayipi (Fig. 1).

Isithombe 1 — ukufakwa kwesithando somlilo namapayipi.

Izitofu ezixhunywe kushimula ngoshimula (izitofu zensimbi, izitofu ezibaswa uwoyela, izitofu zobumba, njll.) zidinga ukuhlanzwa umsizi. Ukuhlanza kumayelana nezingxenye. Uma sisusa i-stud odongeni, umonakalo odongeni ungenzeka kalula, futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthi isokhethi odongeni lilahlekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udonga kufanele lulungiswe futhi i-bushing kufanele ifakwe kuyo. I-cocoon ingathengwa esitolo. Sizoyifaka ngokuqala siyilungise endaweni yayo ngezingcezu zezitini noma zamathayili bese sisebenzisa udaka ukuyilungisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, singakwazi nokulungisa izingxenye zodonga okungenzeka zilimele. Sibe sesibeka idowel emkhonweni, nendandatho yokuhlobisa phezu kwayo ukuze ivale ingxenye elungisiwe yodonga. Indandatho yokuhlobisa isebenza ukwenza ukuhlangana kube kuhle futhi kuvikeleke emlilweni. Uma singakwazi ukuthola i-bushing efanelekile, singazenzela thina. Umuntu kufanele aqale asike ucezu olulodwa lwesiqephu (ububanzi bodonga + 40 mm) ngodlawu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-shank, kufanele wenze umngcele wobubanzi 6-8 cm, okungukuthi ama-hammer blows ukuze welule okokusebenza. Sika enye ingxenye ye-shank ezindaweni ezimbalwa ngesikelo ngobude obuthi 30-35 mm bese ugoba lezi zingxenye ngamapulangwe ayisicaba (fig. 2). Ushimula kufanele ubekwe embotsheni kashimula, futhi ishidi eligobile lizowuvikela ukuthi ungawi ngaphandle odongeni.

Isithombe2— ukukhiqizwa komkhono nendandatho yokuhlobisa.

Hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa kokuqala, kodwa futhi ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi isitofu siyabhema, ukuthi akukho okusalungiswa. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukungahambi kahle komtshingo kanye ne-flue. Futhi kuyiphutha elivamile ukuthi ushimula kushimula uphumela ngaphandle ngemuva kodonga lwangaphakathi lukashimula (fig. 3, ingxenye engaphezulu). Kulesi simo, kufanele unqume ingxenye engadingekile ye-stud noma uyikhiphe odongeni ngalobo bude. Cishe sekujwayelekile ukuthi izisetshenziswa zokushisisa ezimbalwa zixhunywe kushimula owodwa. Kulezi zimo, imbangela yokusalungiswa okubi kungase kube ukuthi oshimula babekwe ngokuphambene noma baxhunywe kushimula eduze kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kukashimula noxhumano lukashimula ohlangothini oluqondile okungenani 30 cm (fig. 6) Isizathu sokuncishiswa kokusalungiswa kanye nokukhishwa kwentuthu kungase futhi kube ukuthi i-engeli yokuxhuma ipayipi likashimula ingaphansi kuka-90°. Kunoma yikuphi, isikhundla sesitofu singcono kakhulu uma sibekwe ngokuqondile ngaphansi kokuvula ushimula.

Umdwebo 3 — uxhumano nobukhulu bezingxenye.

Izimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle kwesitofu

Ukusebenza kahle kwesithando somlilo kungavinjelwa yizizathu ezilandelayo:

1. Umsizi oqoqwe ezindongeni zangaphakathi zikashimula (ngokwesibonelo, ehlobo ngesikhathi sokuhlanza nokugcinwa okuvamile kukashimula, sasingekho ekhaya, kodwa ukuhlanza okugejiwe kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka).

2. Udonga lukashimula luqhekekile (lokhu akuvamile ukwenzeka, kodwa uma sikuqaphela, kufanele ulungiswe).

3. Ushimula ungena ngokuxekethile kushimula noma ugqwale kangangoba useze waba nezimbotshana.

4. Isitofu singabhema uma izinga lokushisa langaphandle liye lenyuka ngokuzumayo. Kulesi simo, ukushisa kwesitofu akuqhubeki phezulu ngenxa ye-chimney ebandayo. Lapha kuyanconywa: shisisa ushimula ngendwangu evuthayo noma iphepha phezu kwendawo yokuhlanza.

5. Kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukuthi umnyango wokuhlanza ushimula awushiywanga uvuliwe ngephutha. Umoya obandayo ongena ngomnyango kushimula wehlisa izinga lokushisa likashimula futhi udale ingozi yomlilo.

Ubukhulu bama-shanks kufanele baziwe (fig. 3, ingxenye engezansi).

Ithebula lamapayipi (iziqephu)

Izinto kanye nokunciphisa i-shank

Izigaxa zenziwe ngensimbi yeshidi elincanyana. Ezilula zivikelekile nge-graphite, kanti eziwubukhazikhazi kakhulu zinamelled. Womabili amapayipi angama-galvanized kanye ne-aluminium asetshenziselwa izinto zikagesi. I-engeli yedolo ithi 90°.

Ukufinyezwa kwamashanki afakwe koqweqwe lwawo kuyinkinga ethile, ngoba kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi ubude obujwayelekile bude kunesidingo.

Uma ukufinyezwa kwezingcezu ezifakwe koqweqwe lwawo kungenziwa ngokucophelela, uqweqwe lwawo lungase luqhekeke noma ziwe izingcezu. Ukuze ungalimazi uqweqwe lwawo, lapho usika izingcezu ezinjalo, qhubeka kanje:

Masimake indawo yokusikwa bese sinamathisela kabili itheyiphu yokunamathela (i-scotch tape noma i-hanzaplast) kuyo. Khona-ke, nge-whetstone enezinhlangothi ezintathu noma ezine, sisusa i-koqweqwe lwawo kuwo wonke umjikelezo futhi sinqume ithubhu endaweni efanayo ngefayela lommese (umkhiwane 4, ingxenye engaphezulu). Ngemva kokukhipha i-koqweqwe lwawo, ekugcineni singasika ngesaha elinamazinyo aminyene.

Isithombe 4 — ukusika amakhoni nokuphakama kukashimula.

Ukushiswa kwesitofu kuzoba kuhle kuphela uma okusalungiswa kuwo kuhle futhi uma ama-diameter of the end of logs emakhulu maqondana nesitofu futhi emincane ebheke kushimula. Izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zokusalungiswa okuhle kushimula ubukhulu obukhethwe kahle bamalogu kanye nokuxhumeka okwenziwa kahle. Ukuphakama kukashimula kusuka phezulu. ophahleni kufanele okungenani kube 1,5 m, noma kusuka kuma-eaves okungenani 3 m, futhi usayizi we-cross-sectional wokuvula kushimula ulingana nobuso besitini esisodwa (fig. 4, ingxenye engezansi). Igebe leleveli phakathi kwezixhumo ezimbili ze-stub kufanele okungenani libe ngu-0,3 m, kanye nendawo yokuhlanza kushimula okungenani 0,4 m ukusuka phansi, kanye 1,2 m ukusuka kusilingi (fig. 5).

Isithombe 5 — ubukhulu nendawo kashimula.

Incazelo yengobo yomlando yokushisa ngamafutha okushisa

Ubukhulu bezitofu zamafutha kaphethiloli, ezingatholakala ezitolo, zihluke kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwezincane kakhulu cishe ku-2500 kcal/ihora, nokusetshenziswa kwamalitha angu-0,3 kawoyela wokushisisa, ukuze zisetshenziselwe ukushisisa amagumbi ukusuka kokuthi 30–40 m3. Izitofu ezinkulu zinokukhiphayo okungaba 10.000 kcal/ihora ngokusetshenziswa okuphezulu okungamalitha angu-1,3 futhi zingashisisa igumbi cishe elingu-100-150 m3.

Zonke izithando zomlilo ezikhiqizwa namuhla zisebenza ngesimiso sokuhwamuka, okungukuthi uwoyela ufinyelela phansi komkhumbi wesithando somlilo usebenzisa i-feeder, noma indawo yomlilo, uyahwamuka lapho bese uvutha ekushiseni kuka-800-1000°C. Imfuneko eyisisekelo yokushisa okuhle ukusekela ukuvutha ngokunikeza inani elidingekayo le-oxygen (umoya). I-oksijeni inikezwa ngokuvuleka ezindongeni zomkhumbi futhi ngokusebenzisa izindandatho ze-flame deflector ezingafakwa ngaphakathi komkhumbi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa okusalungiswa okufanele (ukumunca).

Khona-ke ukusha kuphelele futhi kuhle uma umbala welangabi uphuzi (umbala welanga) futhi uma ilangabi lilingana. (Siyaqaphela ukuthi umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka welangabi awumubi noma, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuwuphawu lokuthi ngenxa yamathonya athandeka ngendlela engavamile ezimo ezihlukahlukene, ukusha kuphelele.) Ukushiswa akuphelele uma umbala welangabi ubomvu noma onsundu futhi uma ilangabi livutha futhi livutha. Ngezitofu ezilungiswe kahle, izinga lokushiswa kukawoyela lihle (approx80-90degrees) ngakho-ke, naphezu kwentengo ephakeme kakhulu yokushisa amafutha, lolu hlobo lokushisa lusenomnotho.

Isilawuli sokwengeza uphethiloli singashintshwa ukuze sibe nezindawo1-2-3-4-5-6, futhi esimweni0isesimweni esivaliwe. Isendaweni yenkinobho yokuphakela ivuliwe1, isitofu ngokuvamile sine-sooty ngakho-ke lesi sikhundla kufanele sisetshenziswe kuphela ngesikhathi sokuthungela.

Ukusebenza kahle kwesitofu kuphezulu endaweni6. Isitofu, ngaphezu kwenkinobho yokulawula inani likaphethiloli, singabuye sivalwe ngokuvala i-valve yokukhipha kanye ne-shutter esheshayo. Uma sifuna ukucisha isitofu, kuhle ukuvala imigqa yokuhlinzeka ngazo zonke izindlela ezintathu.

Ignition kanye nesigcwalisi sikaphethiloli

Ukuthungela kwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo: qala uvule i-valve yethangi, bese kuba isilawuli sokwengeza uphethiloli (indawo 1–6) futhi ekugcineni i-shutter esheshayo (okumele icindezelwe lapho ivula). Masimise isilawuli endaweni 6 futhi siyishiye kanjalo kuze kuvele amafutha ngaphansi kwesitofu, bese sibuyela endaweni 1 noma 2. Sizokhanyisa amafutha ngokufaka ucezu oluncane lukakotini olufakwe utshwala noma imimoya. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela intuthu emnyama enephunga lesici, isivalo sesitofu kufanele sivalwe. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lapho ukushisa kuphephile ngokwanele (ukushisa kwesithando somlilo kuhambisana nokuqhekeka ngenxa yokwandiswa kwezingxenye zensimbi), singakwazi ukusetha kancane kancane isilawuli emazingeni aphezulu nangaphezulu. Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuvula isembozo segumbi elivuthayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesitofu, bese uphinde ukhanyise isitofu esishisayo, kanye nokugcwalisa ithangi lesitofu esishisayo! Kufanele uqaphele ikakhulukazi lapho ugcwalisa ithangi ukuze kungabikho iconsi elilodwa elisondela ethangini. Ngoba, ngisho noma sisula ithangi kahle (okuyinto engenakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki), iphunga elimnandi lokukhuphuka kwamafutha lizohlala likhona.

Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesitofu samafutha esishisisa i-feeder (fig. 6, ingxenye a). Amafutha adlula endaweni yokuvula (1) futhi isihlungi (2) futhi kuvalvu yenaliti (3) awe ethangini bese engena emakamelweni okuphakelayo. Ngokukhuphula izinga likawoyela ekamelweni, ukuntanta okuyinhloko (4) nakho kuyaphakama, okube sekuvala i-valve yenaliti yokungena (3) nge-lever. Lokhu kuvimbela indlu yokuphakelayo ekubeni ingagcwali ngokweqile. Uma, ngaphandle kwalo mthetho, uwoyela omningi ungena endlini, udlule udlule ingxenye encane ungene egumbini le-float yokuphepha (9) bese uphakamisa ukuntanta okuncane futhi. Lokhu kuntanta bese kukhulula ivalve yenaliti (3) kanye nesiphethu seshutha esisheshayo nesigcwele (lokhu kwenzeka futhi lapho ukusha kuma). Ngendlela, i-shutter esheshayo nayo ingavalwa futhi ivulwe nge-lever eshiwo ngenhla (10) (uma sicindezela inkinobho, ivula, futhi uma siyidonsa, ivala i-valve yenaliti). Kusukela kusiphakeli, uwoyela ugeleza ngevalvu yenaliti (5) ungene egumbini elivuthayo. Le valve ingasetshenziswa ngokuphendula iphinikhodi yokulawula (iphinikhodi yokulawula iboshwe nge-spline yevalve yenaliti). Ngo. ezansi kwesiphakeli kukhona amapulaki okuhlanza (7). Ngephini (8) ivalve yenaliti yokukhipha inganyakaziswa (“ibhukude”). Ikhava inamathiselwe kusiphakeli ngesikulufu.

Ngesikhathi sewaranti, isiphakeli akumele silungiswe, futhi ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi, uma kwenzeka kuba nokwehluleka, kungcono ukuphathisa ukulungisa esikhungweni sesevisi esigunyaziwe. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, labo abanolwazi oluthile lwemishini banganquma imbangela yokwehluleka futhi, ekugcineni, bakuqede. Ukucisha ilangabi noma ukwehla kokusebenza kwesithando somlilo kungezinye zezimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle, kodwa kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi ilangabi licime ngemva kokukhanyisa, noma inkinobho yokuvala ngokushesha ayikwazi ukucindezelwa.

Isithombe 6 — isiphakeli, ukunakekelwa kanye nezingxenye zesithando somlilo.

Incazelo yengobo yomlando yokulungisa nokulungisa

Okokuqala sidinga ukuzama ukunquma iphutha ngaphandle, ngakho-ke sizohlola ukuthi inkinobho ingacindezelwa yini, uma isilawuli sesiphakeli siphenduka futhi uma inkomba yeleveli isebenza. Okulandelayo, sizosusa ikhava futhi sibone ukuthi ingabe iphinikhodi ehlukanisiwe yokukhululwa okusheshayo noma isilawuli iwile. Uma kwenzeka, sizoyibuyisela endaweni futhi siphinde simise ukuxhumana.

Uma sitshekisa isitofu ngesikhathi sokuhlanza noma ukuthutha (singasihambisa kuphela singenalutho), kwenzeka ukuthi uwoyela uchithekela ekamelweni le-float yokuphepha, ekhuphuka futhi ilethe i-shutter esheshayo endaweni evalwe unomphela, ukuze inkinobho ingakwazi ukucindezelwa. Esimweni esinjalo, amafutha kufanele akhishwe ngepompo yebhola yerabha futhi iphutha lizosuswa (umkhiwane 6, ingxenye b). Uma uwoyela ebuyela egumbini lokuphepha futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iflothi eyinhloko ishona emafutheni, kusho ukuthi iflothi eyinhloko ibhobozile futhi igcina ivalvu yokungena ivulekile futhi iflothi yokuphepha iyavaleka. Ukulungisa ukungasebenzi kahle okunjalo kakade kuwumsebenzi wochwepheshe. Ngokufanayo, lapho ukunyakaza kwephinikhodi yokulungisa kungekona ukunwebeka (akubuyi), ngokuvamile kuba nesici sangaphakathi futhi ukulungisa kufanele kunikezwe uchwepheshe.

Uma amavalvu evulekile futhi kukhona uwoyela owanele ethangini, kodwa uwoyela usalokhu ungafinyeleli endaweni yokuphakela, kungenzeka ukuthi uvalekile. Isikulufu sokudonsa amanzi esingaphansi kwethangi, lapho kuxhunywe khona ipayipi lepayipi eliphuma kumphakeli, kufanele lihlolwe ngokushesha. Uma sikhipha ithangi, singakhipha ishubhu futhi siyihlanze (isikulufu ngasinye esitofini sinekhoyili yesandla sokudla). Sizokwazi futhi ukuvuthela ngephampu yebhola yerabha esikhaleni sokungena sendlu entantayo ehlakaziwe (ifig. 6; ingxenye c), futhi sizosikhulula kalula isihlungi (ikhanda le-screwing liboniswa esithombeni, engxenyeni engezansi kwesokudla sendlu).

Ngesikhathi kulungiswa, isitsha esikhulu (ipani) kufanele sibekwe ngaphansi kwesitofu ukuze amafutha aphuma emapayipini nasezindaweni ezivinjiwe angavuzi phansi.

Ama-seal, esiwasusile ngesikhathi sokufakwa, akumele abuyiselwe futhi. Kufanele kusetshenziswe izigxivizo zokuqala zasembonini kuphela, ngoba uma kungenjalo ngeke sibe nesigxivizo esihle. Esimeni esihle kakhulu, ukubekwa uphawu okubi kuzodala kuphela iphunga elibi, kodwa futhi kungabangela umlilo futhi kushise indlu yethu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ama-gaskets ngaphansi kwe-nati yokuxhuma kwepayipi eholela ekamelweni elivuthayo enziwe ngensimbi. Olunye uhlobo lwe-sealant luzovutha ngenxa yokushisa kwesikhala somlilo, ngakho-ke amafutha azophuma endaweni eyingozi kakhulu futhi kungase kwenzeke umlilo. Labo abangahlali ezindaweni ezifana nalezi lapho kunezitolo ezidayisa ukudla, into engcono kakhulu wukuhlakaza i-feeder bavele bayiyise enkonzweni. Ukwehluleka ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka ngowoyela kuvame ukubangelwa ukungcola kuwoyela okudala ukuvinjwa. Ngakho-ke, ithangi kufanele ligcwaliswe ngesihlungi esiphindwe kabili. Uma uwoyela wethu usemkhumbini omkhulu (isb. umphongolo 200l), khona-ke uwoyela kufanele uvunyelwe ukuthi uzinze ngaphambi kokugcwalisa ithangi. Kuhlala kukhona upharafini emafutheni “ehlobo”, futhi upharafini usuvele ucwebezela ezingeni lokushisa elingu-+4°C futhi amakristalu angavala amapayipi namavalvu esithandweni. Ngakho-ke, uma ehlobo sithola wonke inani elidingekayo lamafutha ebusika, inani elidingekayo ukuze sigcwalise ithangi, kufanele silibeke ekamelweni elifudumele ngayizolo. Kunconywa ukususa ithangi ekupheleni kwenkathi, lapho ukuhlanza okujwayelekile nokugcinwa (ukususwa kwe-coke, ukugeza isihlungi) kwenziwa futhi ugeze kahle.

Ukusebenza kahle kwesithando somlilo kwehle kakhulu ngenxa yediphozithi eqinile, okuyikhondatha engalungile yokushisa. Uma singenzi ukuhlanza okuhlelekile kwamasonto onke ebusweni bombhede, i-sediment izoqoqana kangangokuthi ukuyikhipha kuzolimaza isithando somlilo. Uma ibanjwa phambi kwendawo yokungena egunjini lomlilo, ivimbela ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli egumbini elivuthayo. Ukufaka ubhasikidi welangabi esithandweni kuzokwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza futhi kuvimbele ukwakheka kwamadiphozithi.

Isikhombi sezinga likawoyela sinomshini olula kakhulu. Ingaminyana kuphela lapho ama-rails esiqondiso esiseceleni ekhubazekile ngesikhathi sokuwakhipha emthelela. Leli phutha lilungiswa ngokuqondisa izinsimbi.

Omama bezindlu ngokuvamile bahlanza ingaphandle lesitofu ngokucophelela okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isitofu sibukeka kahle. Kodwa isitofu kufanele futhi sihlanzwe ngaphakathi (uma kubanda), ngoba ngenxa yomphumela waso oqinile wokumunca, ukungcola kwangaphandle (izinwele zekhaphethi, njll.) kubanjwa odongeni olungaphandle lwegumbi lomlilo futhi kudala ingozi yokuqhuma. Le ngozi iphinde iphakame lapho ama-deciliter amaningana kawoyela enqwabelana ekamelweni elivuthayo ngaphandle kokuvutha futhi isitofu sivutha. Kulezi zimo, uwoyela kufanele ukhishwe kusenesikhathi!

Isilawuli sokusalungiswa

Ngokusebenza kahle kwesitofu sikawoyela oshisayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa ukujikeleza komoya kuso, okungukuthi okusalungiswa. Ukuze ulungise okusalungiswa, amathuluzi afaneleka kakhulu isilawuli esisalungiswa kanye ne-manometer yokulinganisa umphumela wokudonsa wokusalungiswa.

Okusalungiswa okuphelele kwesithando somlilo sikawoyela esisebenza okumaphakathi ngukuthi1,5-2 mmikholomu yamanzi (i-VS efushanisiwe). I-dispenser ephelele yamafutha omlilo ikhipha ngokunembile. inani lamafutha elihambisana nenani lomoya ongena nalokhu okusalungiswa. Ukusebenza kahle kwesiphakeli siyahlolwa kudivayisi ngayinye. Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela kwesithando somlilo esishiwo ngenhla (umphumela5000 kcal/ihora) ngezinga6kuyinto0,86okhanyayo/ihora, nasezingeni1kuyinto 0,22lit/ihora, uma kusetshenziswa uwoyela we-viscosity1,4° E. Uhlaka lwe1,5-2mmibhekisela kwiziqu6futhi ivikelwe ngoshimula wokuphakama4-5 m.

Uma okusalungiswa kukashimula kungaphezulu2 mmVS, bese kuba izinga lomphumela wokuvutha80%. Kutuswa ukuthi ukufakwa nokulungiswa kwesitofu kuphathiswe isevisi egunyaziwe. 

Ukunemba kwesiphakeli kungalawulwa ngokunemba cishe ngokulinganisa inani lomlilo oshisiwe kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kwesithando somlilo. Uma i-degree6sebenzisa inani elinqunyiwe futhi umbala welangabi uphuzi futhi ukushiswa kuhle, khona-ke izinga lomphumela onenzuzo licishe lifane80%. Uma ukusetshenziswa kungaphakathi kwemingcele enqunyiwe, futhi umbala welangabi ubomvu mnyama, khona-ke okusalungiswa kuncane (mayelana1 mmVS). Uhlaka olunjalo alukwazi ukunikeza inani elidingekayo lomoya ukuze kushiswe futhi isithando somlilo sisebenza ngokusebenza okuncishisiwe, okusho ukuthi inani lamafutha lidinga ukuguqulwa. Uma ukusetshenziswa kuhle futhi umbala welangabi umhlophe, khona-ke kukhona umoya omningi, okungukuthi. ushimula ubangela okusalungiswa okuningi futhi isitofu sisebenza ngokusebenza okuncishisiwe.

Esimweni sokuqala (kucatshangelwa ukuthi okusalungiswa akukwazi ukunyuswa) izinga lesenzo lingathuthukiswa ngokunciphisa inani likawoyela. Esimeni sesibili, kufanele kufakwe isilawuli esisalungiswa. Igama elithi “isilawuli” alilona elinembile kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi ngalo okusalungiswa akukwazi ukunyuswa, kodwa umphumela omubi wokusalungiswa okuningi ungancishiswa, okungukuthi, okusalungiswa kungazinzisa phambi kwevelu efanelekile yokuthi 2mm VS. Ukubukeka nomgomo wokusebenza kwesilawuli esisalungiswa kuboniswa ku-Fig. 7

Isithombe 7 — ukubukeka nomgomo wokusebenza wesilawuli esisalungiswa.

Isilawuli esisalungiswa empeleni siyi-T-piece shank. Omunye umkhawulo we-T-piece uxhunywe kwipayipi yokukhipha ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi ukuphela kuxhunywe ku-chimney. Emaphethelweni amahhala e-T piece kufakwe isilawuli esisalungiswa sovemvane. I-butterfly igibele i-pivot evundlile futhi ilungiswa nge-counterweight, elungiswa ngomucu. Uma sisonta i-counterweight, i-butterfly ivula kuphela kuma-drafts aphezulu, futhi uma siyikhulula, ivula futhi ngezingcindezi eziphansi.

Uma okusalungiswa kungaphansi kwevelu2 mmI-VS butterfly isendaweni evaliwe. Uma umphumela wokumunca kashimula manje usukhulile, uvemvane luyavula futhi luvumele umoya osuka ekamelweni uye kushimula futhi ngaleyo ndlela luvimbele ukwanda komphumela wokudonsa wegumbi elivuthayo. Ngale ndlela, ngakho-ke, umoya onezinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi ungena kushimula, hhayi umoya oshisayo ovela ekamelweni elivuthayo.350-400°C. Lokhu futhi ukonga. Uma silungisa i-counterweight enenani lokuthi2 mmVS, sizohlinzeka ngevelu engaguquki nenembile kanye nokusebenza. Uma isitofu sisebenza ngamadigri1-6, ukulungiswa kwe-counterweight akudingekile (isb.2 mmI-VS ivuliwe1,5 mm) ngoba, uma sisebenzisa uphethiloli omncane, izinga lokushisa lomkhiqizo ovuthayo lizoba liphansi, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ubukhulu bokusalungiswa buzokwehla ngamashumi amaningana amamilimitha.

I-regulator iyindlela elula kakhulu. I-T piece ye-shank ingumkhiqizo wezohwebo kanye nezinyathelo zokuxhuma (ububanzi105 mm) ziyafana nobukhulu becezu esithandweni somlilo. Isilawuli siqukethe ikepisi lokuvala i-shank, uvemvane, iphinikhodi nentambo yokuphotha enemiphetho yomibili efakwe amantongomane anosayizi ofanayo asebenza njengama-counterweights.

Ukulinganisa amandla okusalungiswa esitofini

Hhayi ngezitofu zikawoyela eziphehla uphethiloli kuphela kodwa nangezinye izitofu, kuyasiza ukwazi amandla okusalungiswa kukashimula. Njengoba amandla okusalungiswa mancane kakhulu (approx1-10 mmVS) kunzima ukukubona nge-U-tube pressure gauge. Ngakho-ke, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-water pressure gauge. “Insimbi” yale manometer inesimo sepayipi enobubanzi10h1amashubhu engilazi, agobe nge-engeli90-70°. Umlenze omkhulu, oqondile kufanele uvale i-engeli evundlile ethi11,5°. Ingalo emfishane imise okwepayipi. Ingafakwa ebhodini lezinkuni futhi ilungiswe nge-tape yensimbi encane, futhi iphepha legrafu kufanele linamathiselwe ngaphansi kwengxenye yokulinganisa. Ingalo ende kufanele ibe yinde kunepuleti, ukuze ipayipi lerabha lidonseleke kulo kalula (Fig. 8). (Ipayipi ingenziwa ngamapayipi amabili engilazi, kodwa-ke adinga ukuxhunywa nge-hose yenjoloba).

Isithombe8— ukuboniswa kwengobo yomlando yezilinganiso zamandla asalungiswa.

Sibeka omunye umkhawulo we-hose yenjoloba kumbhobho wensimbi wobubanzi10x1, ubude100-200 mmesikubeka ku-squat ngaphezu kwedolo endaweni ephakeme40 cmku-diameter yembobo10 mm(lokhu kuvuleka kufanele kuvalwe ngesikhathi sokudubula ngepulaki yensimbi) ukuze kungene ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ye-chunk. Ipayipi lensimbi kufanele lithengiswe ku-shank.

Ipayipi lengilazi ligcwaliswa ngamanzi anombala (isb. uyinki) futhi ephepheni legrafu lifundwa ukuthi mangaki amamilimitha amanzi amuncwa ngasepayipini lentuthu, uma ipayipi lensimbi lifakwa kushimula. Ukusuka5 mmemthambekeni we11,5° ihambisana nekholomu yamanzi1 mm. Kunconywa ukuhlola le mitha ngethuluzi elithile eliyisisekelo.