Ukufudumeza — iziko, iitshimini, iitshimini kunye nedrafti

INqaku loKhuseleko: Lo nguvimba wezemfundo opapashwe ngu-2018. unyaka, kwaye kungekhona imiyalelo yokufakelwa ngokuzimeleyo, ukulungiswa okanye ukulungiswa kwezitovu, iitshimini kunye neenkqubo ze-fuel-oil. Umsebenzi onjalo kufuneka uphathiswe kwi-chimney sweep, ukulungiswa okanye enye ingcali efanelekileyo, ngokuhambelana nemimiselo esebenzayo kunye nemiyalelo yomenzi wesixhobo esithile.

Kucwangciso lwangoku lwemvulophu yamandla esakhiwo, bona iifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam kunye iinkonzo. Ngeprojekthi ethile, ungathumela isicelo sekowuti.

Izitovu, itshimini kunye nemibhobho

Inkcazo eneenkcukacha yazo zonke iintlobo zezitovu iya kufuna incwadi eyodwa yeengcali. Apha siza kuchaza kuphela iintlobo eziphambili kwaye sinikeze iingcebiso malunga nokufakwa kweziko kunye nemibhobho (Umfanekiso 1)

Umfanekiso 1 — ufakelo lweziko kunye nemibhobho.

Izitovu eziqhagamshelwe kwitshimini ngeetshimini (izitovu zentsimbi, izitovu ezibaswa ngeoli, izitovu zodongwe, njl.njl.) kufuneka zicocwe ngamaxesha athile kulo msizi. Ukucoca ubukhulu becala kumalunga namaqhekeza. Ukuba sisusa i-stud eludongeni, umonakalo eludongeni unokwenzeka lula, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kunjalo ukuba i-socket eludongeni ilahlekile. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, udonga kufuneka lulungiswe kwaye i-bushing kufuneka ifakwe kuyo. I-cocoon ingathengwa kwivenkile. Siza kuyifaka ngokuqala ukuyilungisa kwindawo kunye neziqwenga zezitena okanye i-tile kwaye sisebenzise udaka ukuyilungisa. Kwangaxeshanye, singakwazi nokulungisa iindawo ezonakeleyo eludongeni. Emva koko sibeka i-dowel kwi-sleeve, kunye nendandatho yokuhlobisa phezu kwayo ukugubungela inxalenye elungisiweyo yodonga. Umsesane wokuhlobisa ukhonza ukwenza umdibaniso ube mhle ngakumbi kwaye ukhusele emlilweni. Ukuba asikwazi ukufumana i-bushing efanelekileyo, singazenzela ngokwethu. Umntu kufuneka aqale anqumle iqhekeza elinye leqhekeza (ububanzi bodonga + 40 mm) ngeepliers. Kwesinye isiphelo se-shank, kufuneka wenze umda wobubanzi 6-8 cm, oko kukuthi i-hammer blows ukunweba izinto. Sika enye isiphelo se-shank kwiindawo ezininzi nge-scissors ubude be-30-35 mm kwaye ugobe ezi ndawo ngeepliers flat (umkhiwane 2). Itshimini kufuneka emva koko ibekwe kwindawo yokuvula itshimini, kwaye iphepha eligobileyo liya kuyinqanda ukuba ingaweli eludongeni.

*Umfanekiso2- ukuveliswa komkhono kunye nomsesane wokuhombisa.

Akunjalo kuphela ngexesha lokukhanyisa kokuqala, kodwa nangexesha lokukhanyisa, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba isitofu siyatshaya, ukuba akukho siqulunqo. Oku kunokubangelwa kukungalungelelani kakuhle kweflue kunye neflue. Kwakhona kuyiphutha eliqhelekileyo ukuba i-chimney kwi-chimney iphuma emva kodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-chimney (umkhiwane 3, inxalenye ephezulu). Kule meko, kufuneka unqumle inxalenye engadingekile ye-stud okanye uyikhuphe eludongeni loo bude. Kuphantse kuqhelekile ukuba izixhobo zokufudumeza ezininzi ziqhagamshelwe kwitshimini enye. Kule meko, imbangela yoyilo olubi lunokuthi iitshimini zibekwe ngokubhekiselele komnye nomnye okanye zixhunywe kwi-chimney ngokusondeleyo kakhulu. Ukunyamekela kufuneka kuthatyathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umgama phakathi kwetshimini kunye nokudibanisa itshimini kwicala elithe nkqo ubuncinane 30 cm (umkhiwane 6) Isizathu sokunciphisa idrafti kunye nokukhutshwa komsi kunokuthi kwakhona i-angle yokudibanisa umbhobho we-chimney ingaphantsi kwe-90°. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, indawo yesitofu iyona nto ifanelekileyo xa ibekwe ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kokuvulwa kwetshimini.

Umzobo 3 — uqhagamshelo kunye nemilinganiselo yee-chunks.

Izinto ezibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesitovu

Ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kweziko nako kunokuthintelwa zezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. Uthuthu oluqokelelwe kwiindonga zangaphakathi zetshimini (umzekelo, ehlotyeni ngexesha lokucocwa kwesiqhelo kunye nokugcinwa kwetshimini, sasingekho ekhaya, kodwa ukucocwa okuphosiweyo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza).

2. Udonga lwetshimini luqhekekile (oku akufane kwenzeke, kodwa ukuba siyakuqaphela, kufuneka kulungiswe).

3. Itshimini ingena ngokukhululekileyo kakhulu kwitshimini okanye idleke kakhulu kangangokuba iye yanemingxuma.

4. Isitovu sinokutshaya ukuba ubushushu bangaphandle bunyuke ngesiquphe. Kule meko, ukushisa kwesitofu akuqhubeki phezulu ngenxa ye-chimney ebandayo. Apha kuyacetyiswa: fudumeza itshimini ngelaphu elivuthayo okanye iphepha phezu kwendawo yokucoca.

5. Kufuneka kwakhona kuhlolwe ukuba umnyango wokucoca itshimini awushiywanga ngengozi. Umoya obandayo ongena ngomnyango kwitshimini wehlisa ubushushu betshimini kwaye udala ingozi yomlilo.

Imilinganiselo yamanqina nayo kufuneka yaziwe (umkhiwane 3, inxalenye esezantsi).

Itheyibhile yemibhobho (iziqwenga)

Izinto kunye nokunciphisa i-shank

Izitya zenziwe ngentsimbi ebhityileyo. Ezona zilula zikhuselwe ngegraphite, ngelixa ezona zinobunewunewu ngakumbi zine-enamelled. Zombini iibhobho ze-galvanized kunye ne-aluminium zisetyenziselwa izixhobo zegesi. I-engile yedolo ngu 90°.

Ukucuthwa kwamashanki ane-enameled yingxaki ethile, kuba kaninzi kwenzeka ukuba ubude obuqhelekileyo bude kunokuba buyimfuneko.

Ukuba ukucuthwa kwee-enamelen chunks ayenziwanga ngononophelo, i-enamel inokuqhekeka okanye amaqhekeza angawa. Ukuze ungonakalisi i-enamel, xa usika iinqununu ezinjalo, qhubeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Masiphawule indawo yokusikwa kwaye sincamathele kabini iteyiphu encamathelayo (i-scotch tape okanye i-hanzaplast) kuyo. Emva koko, nge-whetstone emithathu okanye emine, sisusa i-enamel kuwo wonke umjikelezo kwaye sinqumle ityhubhu kwindawo enye kunye nefayile yomese (umzobo 4, inxalenye ephezulu). Emva kokususa i-enamel, sinokugqiba ukusika ngesarha enamazinyo anzima.

Umfanekiso 4 — ukusika iikhoni kunye nokuphakama kwetshimini.

Ukutshisa kwisitofu kuya kuba kuhle kuphela ukuba idrafti kuyo ilungile kwaye ukuba i-diameters of the end of logs inkulu ngokubhekiselele kwisitofu kwaye incinci ukuya kwi-chimney. Iimfuno ezisisiseko zoyilo oluhle kwi-chimney zikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo imilinganiselo yeelogi kunye nokudibanisa okwenziwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ubude betshimini ukusuka phezulu. yophahla kufuneka ibe ubuncinane 1,5 m, okanye ukusuka kwi-eaves ubuncinane 3 m, kunye nobukhulu becandelo le-cross-sectional of open in the chimney lilingana nomgangatho wesitena esinye (umkhiwane 4, inxalenye ephantsi). Umsantsa wenqanaba phakathi koqhagamshelo lwestub ezimbini ubuncinane kufuneka ube ubuncinane 0,3 m, kunye nokucoca ukuvula kwitshimini ubuncinane 0,4 m ukusuka phantsi, kunye 1,2 m ukusuka kumgangatho wesilingi (umkhiwane 5).

Umfanekiso 5 — imilinganiselo kunye nendawo yetshimini.

Inkcazo ye-Archival yokufudumeza ngeoli yokufudumeza

Ubungakanani bezitofu ze-fuel-oil, ezinokufumaneka kwiivenkile, zihluke kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwezona zincinci zincinci malunga ne-2500 kcal / iyure, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-0,3 ilitha yeoli yokufudumeza, ngoko ke zingasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amagumbi ukusuka 30–40 m3. Ezona zitovu zinkulu zinemveliso emalunga ne-10.000 kcal/iyure ngokusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-1,3 ilitha kwaye zinokufudumeza igumbi malunga ne-100-150 m3.

Zonke iifusi eziveliswayo namhlanje zisebenza kumgaqo wokufudumala, oko kukuthi ioli ifikelela ngaphantsi kwesitya somlilo usebenzisa i-feeder, okanye indawo yokutshisa, ikhupha apho kwaye ivutha kwiqondo lokushisa 800-1000°C. Eyona nto ifunekayo yokufudumeza kakuhle kukuxhasa ukutsha ngokunikezela ngesixa esifunekayo seoksijini (umoya). I-oksijeni inikezelwa ngokuvuleka kwiindonga zesitya kunye nangeendlela ze-flame deflector rings ezinokuthi zifakwe ngaphakathi kwesitya. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa uyilo olufanelekileyo (ukufunxa).

Ukutsha kugqibelele kwaye kulungile ukuba umbala wedangatye utyheli (umbala welanga) kwaye ukuba ilangatye lilingana. (Siyaqaphela ukuba umbala obomvu wedangatye awubi nokuba umbi, ngaphezu koko, luphawu lokuba ngenxa yeempembelelo ezithandekayo ngokungaqhelekanga kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukutsha kugqibelele.) Ukutsha akuphelelanga ukuba umbala wedangatye unobomvu okanye umdaka kwaye ukuba ilangatye liyavutha kunye ne-soots. Ngezitovu ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle, iqondo lokutsha kweoyile lilungile (malunga80-90degrees) kwaye ke, nangona ixabiso eliphezulu leoli yokufudumeza, olu hlobo lokufudumeza lusenoqoqosho.

I-fuel add regulator inokulungiswa kwiindawo1-2-3-4-5-6, nakwindawo0ikwimeko evaliweyo. Kwindawo yeqhosha le feeder kwi1, isitofu ngokuqhelekileyo si-sooty kwaye ngoko ke le ndawo kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela ngexesha lokutshisa.

Ukusebenza kwesitofu kuphezulu kwindawo6. Isitofu, ngaphezu kweqhosha lokulawula ubungakanani bepetroli, sinokuvalwa ngokuvala i-valve yokukhupha kunye ne-shutter esheshayo. Xa sifuna ukucima isitofu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba sivale imigca yokubonelela kuzo zontathu iindlela.

Umlilo kunye nesithambiso samafutha

Ukutshisa kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: vula kuqala i-valve yetanki, emva koko umlawuli wokongeza amafutha (isikhundla 1–6) kwaye ekugqibeleni i-shutter ekhawulezayo (ekufuneka icinezelwe xa ivula). Masisethe umlawuli kwindawo 6 kwaye uyishiye ngolo hlobo de ioli ibonakala phantsi kwesitofu, kwaye emva koko ubuyele kwindawo 1 okanye 2. Siza kukhanyisa ioli ngokufaka i-cotton encinci efakwe kwi-alcohol okanye imimoya. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba umsi omnyama kunye nephunga elibonakalayo livela, isiciko sesitofu kufuneka sivalwe. Emva kwexesha elithile, xa ukutsha kukhuselekile ngokwaneleyo (ukufudumeza kwesithando somlilo kuhamba kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yokwandiswa kweengxenye zetsimbi), sinokubeka ngokuthe ngcembe umlawuli kumanqanaba aphezulu nangaphezulu. Kuvinjelwe ngokungqongqo ukuvula isiciko segumbi lokutsha ngexesha lokusebenza kwesitofu, emva koko uphinde uvuthe isitofu esishushu, kunye nokuzalisa itanki yesitofu esishushu! Kufuneka ulumke ngakumbi xa ugcwalisa itanki ukuze kungabikho nethontsi elinye elisondelayo. Ngenxa yokuba, nangona sisula itanki kakuhle (engenakwenzeka njalo ngenxa yokungafikeleleki), iphunga elingathandekiyo lokunyuka kweoli liya kuhlala lihlala.

Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yesitofu se-oyile yokufudumeza yi-feeder (umkhiwane 6, inxalenye a). Ioli idlula ngokuvula (1) kunye nesihlungi (2) kunye ne-valve yenaliti (3) iwela kwi-tank kwaye ingena kumagumbi okutya. Ngokunyusa izinga leoli kwigumbi, i-float ephambili (4) iphinda iphakame, emva koko ivale i-valve yenaliti yokungena (3) nge-lever. Oku kuthintela ukugcwaliswa kwendlu ye-feeder. Ukuba, ngaphandle kwalo mmiselo, i-oyile eninzi ingena kwindlu, idlula idlule isahlulelo esincinci kwigumbi lokudada lokhuseleko (9) kwaye inyuse iflothi encinci ngokunjalo. Oku kudada emva koko kukhulula ivalve yenaliti (3) kunye nentwasahlobo ekhawulezayo negcweleyo yesivalo (oku kwenzeka kwakhona xa ukuyeka ukutsha). Ngendlela, i-shutter ekhawulezayo nayo ingavalwa kwaye ivulwe nge-lever ekhankanywe ngasentla (10) (ukuba sicinezela iqhosha, livula, kwaye ukuba siyayitsala, ivala i-valve yenaliti). Ukusuka kwi-feeder, ioli igeleza kwi-valve yenaliti (5) kwindawo yokutshisa. Le valve inokusebenza ngokujika iqhosha lokulawula (iphini yokulawula ibotshelelwe ngentsimbi yevalve yenaliti). Nge. emazantsi e-feeder kukho iiplagi zokucoca (7). Ngephini (8) ivalve yenaliti yokukhupha ingashukunyiswa (“yaqubha”). Isigqubuthelo sincanyathiselwe kwi-feeder ngesikrufu.

Ngexesha lewaranti, i-feeder mayingalungiswa, kwaye nasemva koko, xa kunokwenzeka ukuba kusilele, kungcono ukunikezela ukulungiswa kwiziko lenkonzo eligunyazisiweyo. Ukuba oku akunakwenzeka, abo banolwazi oluthile lobuchwephesha banokumisela unobangela wokungaphumeleli kwaye, ekugqibeleni, bawuphelise. Idangatye elicimayo okanye ukwehla kokusebenza kwesithando somlilo yenye yeempawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle, kodwa kuyenzeka kwakhona ukuba ilangatye licime emva kokukhanyisa, okanye iqhosha lokuvala elikhawulezayo alinakucinezelwa.

Umfanekiso 6 — isixhasi, ugcino kunye namalungu eziko.

Uvimba wenkcazelo yolungiso kunye nokugcinwa

Okokuqala kufuneka sizame ukufumanisa impazamo evela ngaphandle, ngoko siya kujonga ukuba iqhosha lingacinezelwa, ukuba umlawuli we-feeder ujika kwaye ukuba isalathisi sezinga sisebenza. Emva koko, siya kususa isigqubuthelo kwaye sibone ukuba i-pin yokwahlukana yokukhululwa ngokukhawuleza okanye umlawuli uwile. Ukuba iyenzeka, siyakuyibuyisela endaweni kwaye siphinde simise umdibaniso.

Ukuba sityhalela isitofu ngexesha lokucoca okanye ukuthutha (singasihambisa kuphela singenanto), kwenzeka ukuba ioli ichithelwe kwigumbi le-float float, ephakama kwaye izise i-shutter ekhawulezayo kwindawo evaliweyo ngokusisigxina, ukwenzela ukuba iqhosha alinakucinezelwa. Kwimeko enjalo, ioli kufuneka ikhutshwe ngepompo yebhola yerubha kwaye impazamo iya kususwa (umzobo 6, inxalenye b). Ukuba i-oyile ibuyela kwigumbi lokhuseleko kwaye kwangaxeshanye eyona float ingundoqo izika kwi-oyile, oko kuthetha ukuba eyona nto ihambayo igqobhoze kwaye igcine ivalve yokungena ivulekile kwaye ifloat yokhuseleko iyavaleka. Ukulungisa ukungasebenzi okunjalo sele kungumsebenzi wengcali. Ngokufanayo, xa ukunyakaza kwepini yokulungelelanisa kungabikho i-elastic (ayibuyi), ngokuqhelekileyo kukho isiphene sangaphakathi kwaye ukulungiswa kufuneka kunikwe ingcali.

Ukuba iivalvu zivuliwe kwaye kukho i-oyile eyaneleyo kwitanki, kodwa i-oyile ayikafikeleli kwindawo yesondlo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ivalekile. I-screw ye-drain ephantsi kwetanki, apho umbhobho wokukhupha umbhobho ovela kwi-feeder udibene, kufuneka uhlolwe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba sikhupha itanki, sinokususa ityhubhu kwaye siyicoce (isikrufu ngasinye esitovini sinekhoyili yesandla sasekunene). Kwakhona siya kukwazi ukuvuthela ngempompo yebhola yerabha kwindawo yokungena yendlu edadayo ediliziweyo (umkhiwane 6; inxalenye c), kwaye siya kukhulula ngokulula isihluzo (intloko yokujiya iboniswe emfanekisweni, kwindawo esezantsi ekunene yendlu).

Ngexesha lokulungiswa, i-container enkulu (i-pan) kufuneka ifakwe phantsi kwesitofu ukwenzela ukuba i-oyile evela kwimibhobho kunye neendawo ezivaliweyo zingavuzi phantsi.

Izitywina, esizisusileyo ngexesha lofakelo, akufanele zibuyiselwe kwakhona. Kuphela kufuneka kusetyenziswe izitywina zoqobo zasefektri, kuba kungenjalo asiyi kuba nesitywina esilungileyo. Kwimeko engcono kakhulu, ukutywinwa okubi kuya kudala kuphela iphunga elimnandi, kodwa kunokubangela umlilo kwaye utshise indlu yethu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-gaskets phantsi kwe-nut yokudibanisa kombhobho ekhokelela kwigumbi lokutsha yenziwe ngetsimbi. Olunye uhlobo lwe-sealant luya kutshisa ngenxa yokushisa kwendawo yokutsha, ngoko ke ioli iya kuphuma kwindawo eyingozi kakhulu kwaye umlilo ungenzeka. Abo bangahlali kwiindawo ezinjalo apho kukho iivenkile zenkonzo, eyona nto ingcono ukuyenza kukudiliza i-feeder kwaye uyise enkonzweni. Ukungaphumeleli kwinkqubo yokubonelela nge-oyile kudla ngokubangelwa kukungacoceki kwi-oyile okubangela imiqobo. Ngoko ke, itanki kufuneka izaliswe ngesihluzo esiphindwe kabini. Ukuba ioli yethu ikwisitya esikhulu (umzekelo, i-barrel 200l), ngoko ke ioli kufuneka ivunyelwe ukuba ihlale ngaphambi kokuba igcwalise itanki. Kuhlala kukho iparafini kwioyile “yasehlotyeni”, kwaye iparafini sele ikhazimle kubushushu obuyi +4°C kwaye iikristale zinokuvala imibhobho kunye neevalvu zesithando somlilo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ehlotyeni sifumana yonke imali efunekayo yeoli ebusika, isixa esifunekayo ukugcwalisa itanki, kufuneka siyibeke kwigumbi elifudumeleyo ngosuku olungaphambili. Kunconywa ukususa itanki ekupheleni kwexesha, xa ukucocwa ngokubanzi kunye nokugcinwa (ukususwa kwe-coke, ukuhlamba isihlunu) kwenziwa kwaye uhlambe kakuhle.

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwesithando somlilo kuncitshiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwediphozithi, eyi conductor engekho mgangathweni yobushushu. Ukuba asikwenzi ukucocwa kweveki ecwangcisiweyo yomgangatho wombhede, i-sediment iya kuqokelela kangangokuba ukuyisusa kuya kulimaza isithando somlilo. Xa ibanjwe phambi kwendawo yokutshisa i-inlet, ithintela ukunikezelwa kwamafutha kwindawo yokutshisa. Ukufaka ibhaskithi yomlilo eziko kuya kwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwaye kuthintele ukwakheka kweediphozithi.

Isalathisi senqanaba leoli sinesixhobo esilula kakhulu. Inokuxinana kuphela xa iireyile ezimbini zesikhokelo ezisecaleni zikhubazekile ngexesha lokutsalwa kwimpembelelo. Le ngxaki ilungiswa ngokulungisa iintsimbi.

Abafazi basekhaya badla ngokucoca umphandle wesitovu ngononophelo olukhulu, ngakumbi ukuba isitovu sibukeka kakuhle. Kodwa isitovu kufuneka kwakhona sicocwe ngaphakathi (xa kubanda), kuba ngenxa yefuthe layo elinamandla lokufunxa, ukungcola kwangaphandle (iinwele zekhaphethi, njl. njl.) Kubanjwe eludongeni olungaphandle lwegumbi lokutsha kwaye kudala ingozi yokuqhuma. Le ngozi ikwavela xa iidesilitha ezininzi zeoyile ziqokelelana kwigumbi lokutsha ngaphandle kokutsha kwaye isitovu sibamba umlilo. Kwezi meko, i-oyile kufuneka ikhutshwe kwangaphambili!

Draft regulator

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwesitofu seoli sokufudumeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungelelanisa ukujikeleza komoya kuyo, oko kukuthi idrafti. Ukulungelelanisa idrafti, izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ziyi-draft regulator kunye ne-manometer yokulinganisa umphumo wokufunxa wedrafti.

Elona drafti liphezulu lentsebenzo ephakathi kwiziko le-oyile ye-oyile1,5-2 mmikholamu yamanzi (i-VS efinyeziweyo). I-oyile yokutshisa i-oyile epheleleyo ikhupha ngokuchanekileyo. isixa seoli esihambelana nomthamo womoya ongena kunye nolu qulunqo. Ukusebenza okuchanekileyo kwe-feeder kukhangelwe kwisixhobo ngasinye. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile yesithando somlilo esikhankanywe ngasentla (isiphumo5000 kcal/yure) kwiqondo6yi0,86lit/iyure, nakwiqondo1yi 0,22lit / iyure, ukuba ioli ye-viscosity isetyenziswa1,4° E. Uyilo lwe1,5-2mmibhekisa kwisidanga6kwaye ikhuselwe ngetshimini yokuphakama4-5 m.

Ukuba idrafti yetshimini inkulu kune2 mmVS, ngoko iqondo lesiphumo sokutsha80%. Kucetyiswa ukuba unikezele ukufakela kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesitofu kwinkonzo egunyazisiweyo. 

Ukuchaneka kwe-feeder kunokulawulwa ngokuchaneka okusondeleyo ngokulinganisa ubungakanani bomlilo ogqityiweyo kunye nexesha lokusebenza kwesithando somlilo. Ukuba isidanga6sebenzisa isixa esimiselweyo kwaye umbala wedangatye utyheli kwaye ukutsha kukuhle, ke inqanaba lesiphumo esiluncedo limalunga80%. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kungaphakathi kwemida emiselweyo, kwaye umbala womlilo ubomvu obomvu, ngoko idrafti incinci (malunga1 mmVS). Uyilo olunjalo alukwazi ukubonelela ngexabiso elifunekayo lomoya wokutsha kwaye isithando somlilo sisebenza ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, oku kuthetha ukuba inani leoli kufuneka litshintshwe. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kulungile kwaye umbala womlilo umhlophe, ngoko kukho umoya omningi, oko kukuthi. itshimini ibangela iidrafti ezininzi kwaye isitofu sisebenza ngokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Kwimeko yokuqala (ecinga ukuba idrafti ayinakunyuswa) iqondo lesenzo lingaphuculwa ngokunciphisa inani leoli. Kwimeko yesibini, umlawuli oyidrafti kufuneka afakwe. Igama elithi “umlawuli” alilona lichanekileyo, kuba ngalo idrafti ayinakunyuswa, kodwa isiphumo esibi soyilo oluninzi sinokuncitshiswa, oko kukuthi idrafti ingakwazi ukuzinza phambi kwexabiso elifanelekileyo le-2mm VS. Ukubonakala kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza womlawuli oyidrafti uboniswe kuMfanekiso 7

Umfanekiso 7 — inkangeleko kunye nomgaqo osebenzayo woyilo lolawulo.

Idrafti yomlawuli ngokwenene yi-T-piece shank. Esinye isiphelo se-T-piece sixhunyiwe kumbhobho wokukhupha wegumbi lokutsha, kwaye isiphelo sixhunyiwe kwi-chimney. Kwisiphelo esikhululekileyo sesiqwenga se-T kuxhonywe isilawuli sedrafti yebhabhathane. Ibhabhathane lixhonywe kwipivot ethe tyaba kwaye ihlengahlengiswa nge-counterweight, ehlengahlengiswa ngomsonto. Ukuba sijija i-counterweight, i-butterfly ivula kuphela kwiidrafti eziphezulu, kwaye ukuba siyayikhulula, ivula kwakhona kwiingcinezelo eziphantsi.

Ukuba uyilo lungaphantsi kwexabiso2 mmIbhabhathane leVS likwindawo evaliweyo. Ukuba umphumo wokufunxa wetshimini ngoku unyukile, ibhabhathane ivula kwaye ivumela umoya ukusuka kwigumbi ukuya kwitshimini kwaye ngaloo ndlela ithintele ukwanda kwefuthe lokufunxa kwegumbi lokutsha. Ngale ndlela ke, umoya onobushushu begumbi obumalunga negumbi uya kwitshimini, hayi umoya oshushu osuka kwigumbi lokutsha.350-400°C. Oku kukwanoqoqosho. Ukuba silungisa i-counterweight ehlengahlengisiweyo kwixabiso le2 mmVS, siya kubonelela ngexabiso elingaguqukiyo nelichanekileyo kunye nokusebenza. Ukuba isitovu sisebenza kwizidanga1-6, ukulungiswa kwe-counterweight akuyimfuneko (umz.2 mmVS ivuliwe1,5 mm) ngenxa yokuba, ukuba sisebenzisa i-fuel encinci, ukushisa kwemveliso yokutsha kuya kuba ngaphantsi, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ubungakanani bedrafti buya kuncipha ngeemillimeters eziliqela.

Umlawuli yindlela elula kakhulu. Isiqwenga se-T se-shank yimveliso yorhwebo kunye nemilinganiselo yokudibanisa (ububanzi105 mm) ziyafana nemilinganiselo yechunk kwiziko. Umlawuli uqukethe i-cap yokuvala i-shank, i-butterfly, i-pin kunye ne-threaded spindle eneziphelo zombini ezixhotyiswe ngamantongomane afanayo asebenza njengama-counterweights.

Ukulinganisa amandla oyilo esitovini

Akunjalo kuphela ngesitovu se-fuel-oyile kodwa kunye nezinye izitovu, kuluncedo ukwazi amandla oyilo lwetshimini. Njengoko amandla oyilo emancinci kakhulu (malunga1-10 mmVS) kunzima ukuyibona nge-U-tube pressure gauge. Ngokufanelekileyo, kungcono ukusebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba yigeji yoxinzelelo lwamanzi. “Isixhobo” sale manometer sinomfanekiso wombhobho onobubanzi10h1iityhubhu zeglasi, igotshwe kwi-engile90-70°. Owona mkhulu, othe ngqo umlenze kufuneka uvale i-engile ngokuthe tye kwe11,5°. Ingalo emfutshane imile okombhobho. Inokufakwa kwibhodi yokhuni kwaye ilungiswe nge-tape yensimbi encinci, kunye nephepha legrafu kufuneka lifakwe phantsi kwenxalenye yokulinganisa. Ingalo ende kufuneka ibe nde kunepleyiti, ukuze umbhobho werabha ube nokutsalwa lula kuwo (Fig. 8). (Umbhobho unokwenziwa kwiipayipi ezimbini zeglasi, kodwa ke kufuneka zidibaniswe ne-hose yerubha).

*Umfanekiso8— umboniso ogciniweyo wemilinganiso yamandla ayidrafti.

Sibeka enye isiphelo se-rubber hose kwipayipi yensimbi yobubanzi10x1, ubude100-200 mmesiyibeka kwi-squat entla kwedolo kumphakamo wayo40 cmkwidamitha yomngxuma10 mm(oku kuvuleka kufuneka kuvalwe ngexesha lokudubula ngeplagi yentsimbi) ukwenzela ukuba ingene kwisithathu se-chunk. Umbhobho wesinyithi kufuneka uthengiselwe kwi-shank.

Umbhobho weglasi uzaliswe ngamanzi anemibala (umzekelo, i-inki) kwaye kwiphepha legrafu lifundwa ukuba zingaphi iimilimitha amanzi afunxelwa kumbhobho womsi, ukuba umbhobho wesinyithi ufakwe kwitshimini. Ukusuka5 mmkwithambeka le11,5° ihambelana noluhlu lwamanzi1 mm. Kucetyiswa ukuba ujonge le mitha ngesixhobo esithile esisisiseko.