Kutenthetsa - ng'anjo, machumuni, ma chumuni ndi ma drafts

Chidziwitso chachitetezo: Awa ndi zolemba zamaphunziro zomwe zasungidwa ndi 2018. chaka, osati malangizo odziyimira pawokha kukhazikitsa, kukonza kapena kusintha masitovu, ma chimneys ndi machitidwe amafuta amafuta. Ntchito yotereyi iyenera kuperekedwa kwa munthu woyenerera kusesa kwa chimney, kukonza kapena katswiri wina woyenera, malinga ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malangizo a wopanga chipangizocho.

Pamakonzedwe amakono a envulopu yamagetsi ya nyumbayi, onani mazenera amatabwa, mawindo a aluminiyamu amatabwa ndi ntchito. Pantchito inayake, mutha kutumiza pempho lamatchulidwe.

Sitovu, chimney ndi mapaipi

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mitundu yonse ya masitovu kungafune buku lapadera la akatswiri. Apa tingofotokoza mitundu ikuluikulu yokha ndikupereka upangiri pa kukhazikitsa ng’anjo ndi mapaipi (mkuyu 1).

Chithunzi 1 — kuyika ng’anjo ndi mapaipi.

Zitofu zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi chumuni pogwiritsa ntchito machumuni (ma stovu a chitsulo, masitovu opaka mafuta, zitofu zadothi, ndi zina zotero) ziyenera kutsukidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuyeretsa kumakhudza kwambiri tinthu tating’ono. Ngati tichotsa chitsulo pakhoma, kuwonongeka kwa khoma kumatha kuchitika mosavuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuti socket pakhoma ikusowa. Zikatero, khoma liyenera kukonzedwa ndipo tchire liyenera kuikidwa mmenemo. Chokokochi chikhoza kugulidwa m’sitolo. Tidzayiyika poyikonza poyamba ndi zidutswa za njerwa kapena matailosi ndikugwiritsira ntchito matope kuti tikonze. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tikhoza kukonzanso mbali zina za khoma zomwe zawonongeka. Kenako timayika dowel m’manja, ndi mphete yokongoletsera pamwamba pake kuti iphimbe mbali yokonzedwa ya khoma. Mphete yokongoletsera imapangitsa kuti mgwirizano ukhale wokongola kwambiri ndikuuteteza ku moto. Ngati sitingathe kupeza malo abwino, tikhoza kudzipanga tokha. Munthu adule kaye kachidutswa kamodzi (m’lifupi mwa khoma + 40 mm) ndi pliers. Pamapeto amodzi a shank, muyenera kupanga malire a m’lifupi mwake 6-8 cm, mwachitsanzo, kuwomba kwa nyundo kuti mutambasule zinthu. Dulani mbali ina ya shank m’malo angapo ndi lumo muutali wa 30-35 mm ndipo pindani zigawozi ndi pliers lathyathyathya (mkuyu 2). Kenako chomunicho chiziikidwa pabowo la chumuni, ndipo chopindikacho chiziteteza kuti chisagwere pakhoma.

*Chithunzi2- kupanga malaya ndi mphete yokongoletsa.

Osati kokha pa kuyatsa koyamba, komanso panthawi yowunikira, nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti chitofu chimasuta, kuti palibe chojambula. Izi zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi kulumikizana kolakwika pakati pa chitoliro ndi chitoliro. Kulakwitsanso kofala kuti chumuni mu chumuni amatuluka kuseri kwa khoma lamkati la chumuni (mkuyu 3, kumtunda). Zikatere, muyenera kudula gawo losafunika la stud kapena kukokera kunja kwa khoma kwa kutalika kwake. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachilendo kuti zida zingapo zoyatsira moto zilumikizidwe ndi chumuni imodzi. Pazifukwa izi, chifukwa cha kusokonekera bwino kungakhale kuti ma chimneys amayikidwa moyang’anizana ndi wina ndi mnzake kapena amalumikizidwa ndi chumney pafupi kwambiri. Chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti mtunda wa pakati pa chimney ndi cholumikizira cholowera choyimirira ukhale osachepera 30 cm (mkuyu 6) Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya ndi kutulutsa utsi kungakhalenso kuti mbali yolumikizira chitoliro ndi yocheperapo 90°. Mulimonsemo, malo a chitofu ndi abwino kwambiri pamene amaikidwa mwachindunji pansi pa chitseko cha chimney.

Chithunzi 3 - kulumikizana ndi kukula kwa chunks.

Zomwe zimachititsa kuti sitovu isagwire ntchito

Kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa ng’anjo kungalepherekenso ndi zifukwa izi:

1. Mwaye wotengedwa m’makoma a mkati mwa chumuni (mwachitsanzo, m’chilimwe panthawi yoyeretsa ndi kukonza chimney nthawi zonse, sitinali kunyumba, koma kutsukidwa kumayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga).

2. Khoma la chimney lang’ambika (izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma ngati tiwona, ziyenera kukonzedwa).

3. Chimney chimalowa molimba kwambiri mu chumuni kapena chachita dzimbiri mpaka kukhala pobowola.

4. Chitofucho chimathanso kusuta ngati kutentha kwakunja kwakwera mwadzidzidzi. Pamenepa, kutentha kwa chitofu sikuthamanga mmwamba chifukwa cha chimney chozizira. Apa tikulimbikitsidwa: kutentha chimney ndi chiguduli choyaka kapena pepala pabowo loyeretsera.

5. Tiyeneranso kuyang’anitsitsa kuti chitseko chotsuka chimney sichinasiyidwe mwangozi. Mpweya wozizira wolowera pakhomo pa chumuni umachepetsa kutentha kwa chumuni ndipo umayambitsa ngozi ya moto.

Miyeso ya shank iyeneranso kudziwika (mkuyu 3, gawo lapansi).

Table of mapaipi (chunks)

Zipangizo ndi kufupikitsa shank

Stubs amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chopyapyala. Zosavuta zimatetezedwa ndi graphite, pomwe zapamwamba kwambiri zimakhala ndi enamelled. Mapaipi onse a galvanized ndi aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi. Bondo ndi 90°.

Kufupikitsa kwa zingwe za enameled ndi vuto linalake, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti kutalika kwake kumakhala kotalika kuposa kofunikira.

Ngati kufupikitsa kwa enameled chunks sikunachitike mosamala, enamel imatha kusweka kapena zidutswa zimatha kugwa. Kuti musawononge enamel, mukamadula chunks, chitani motere:

Tiyeni tilembe malo odulidwawo ndikumata pawiri tepi yomatira (scotch tepi kapena hanzaplast) pamenepo. Kenaka, ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali itatu kapena inayi, timachotsa enamel pamtunda wonse ndikudula chubu pamalo omwewo ndi fayilo ya mpeni (mkuyu 4, kumtunda). Pambuyo kuchotsa enamel, tikhoza kudula ndi macheka ndi mano wandiweyani.

Chithunzi 4 - kudula ma cones ndi kutalika kwa chimney.

Kuyaka mu chitofu kungakhale kwabwino pokhapokha ngati choyikamo chili chabwino komanso ngati ma diameter a malekezero a chipikawo ali okulirapo molunjika ku chitofu komanso ang’onoang’ono kuchomera. Zomwe zimafunikira pakujambula bwino mu chumney ndizosankhidwa bwino miyeso ya zipika ndikulumikizana bwino. Kutalika kwa chimney kuchokera pamwamba. padenga payenera kukhala osachepera 1,5 m, kapena kuchokera ku eaves osachepera 3 m, ndipo kukula kwapang’onopang’ono kwa malo otsegula mu chumney ndi ofanana ndi pamwamba pa njerwa imodzi (mkuyu 4, gawo lapansi). Mulingo wapakati pa zolumikizira ziwirizi uyenera kukhala 0,3 m, ndipo potsegula poyeretsa pa chumuni osachepera 0,4 m kuchokera pansi, komanso pansi padenga 1,2 m (mkuyu 5).

Chithunzi 5 - kukula ndi malo a chimney.

Malongosoledwe a zakale zakuwotha ndi mafuta akutenthetsa

Makulidwe a masitovu otenthetsera mafuta, omwe amatha kupezeka m’masitolo, ndi osiyana kwambiri. Kuchita kwa zing’onozing’ono ndi pafupifupi 2500 kcal/ola, ndikumwa 0,3 malita a mafuta otenthetsera, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutenthetsa zipinda kuchokera ku 30–40 m3. Sitovu zazikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 10.000 kcal/ola ndipo zimamwa malita 1,3 ndipo zimatha kutentha chipinda pafupifupi 100-150 m3.

Nyendo zonse zomwe zimapangidwira masiku ano zimagwira ntchito pa mfundo ya kutuluka kwa nthunzi, mwachitsanzo, mafuta amafika pansi pa chotengera cha ng’anjo pogwiritsa ntchito feeder, kapena malo oyatsira moto, amatuluka pamenepo ndikuyaka kutentha kwa 800-1000°C. Chofunika kwambiri pa kutentha kwabwino ndikuthandizira kuyaka popereka mpweya wofunikira (mpweya). Oxygen imaperekedwa ndi kutseguka m’makoma a chotengeracho komanso pogwiritsa ntchito mphete zamoto zomwe zingathe kuikidwa mkati mwa chotengeracho. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwonetsetsa kuti mukulemba bwino (kuyamwa).

Kuyakako kumakhala kokwanira komanso kwabwino ngati mtundu walawi ndi wachikasu (mtundu wa dzuwa) komanso ngati lawi liri lofanana. (Tikuwona kuti mtundu wa bluish wa lawi lamoto suli woyipa, komanso, ndi chizindikiro chakuti chifukwa cha zisonkhezero zabwino kwambiri za zochitika zosiyanasiyana, kuyakako kumakhala kwangwiro.) Kuwotcha sikokwanira ngati mtundu wa lawi ndi wofiira kapena bulauni ndipo ngati lawi lamoto likuyaka ndi mwaye. Ndi masitovu osinthidwa bwino, kuchuluka kwa kuyaka kwamafuta ndikwabwino (pafupifupi80-90madigiri) ndipo kotero, ngakhale mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa mafuta otenthetsera, kutentha kwamtunduwu kumakhalabe kopanda ndalama.

Zowongolera zowonjezera mafuta zitha kusinthidwa kukhala malo1-2-3-4-5-6, ndi m’malo0ili m’malo otsekedwa. Pamalo a batani la feeder1, chitofu nthawi zambiri chimakhala cha soote motero malowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsira.

Kuchita bwino kwa chitofu ndikokwanira kwambiri pamalopo6. Chitofu, kuwonjezera pa batani loyang’anira kuchuluka kwa mafuta, amathanso kutsekedwa mwa kutseka valavu yotulutsa ndi shutter yofulumira. Pamene tikufuna kuzimitsa chitofu, ndi bwino kutseka mizere yoperekera m’njira zitatu.

Kuyatsa ndi kudzaza mafuta

Kuwotcha kumachitika motere: choyamba tsegulani valavu ya thanki, kenako chowongolera mafuta (malo 1–6) ndipo potsiriza shutter yofulumira (yomwe iyenera kukanikizidwa potsegula). Tiyeni tiyike chowongolera kuti chikhale 6 ndikuchisiya chomwecho mpaka mafuta atawonekera pansi pa chitofu, kenaka mubwerere ku malo 1 kapena 2. Tidzayatsa mafuta poika kachidutswa kakang’ono ka thonje kamene kamaviikidwa mu mowa kapena mizimu. Utsi wakuda ukakhala ndi fungo lodziwika bwino, chivindikiro cha chitofu chiyenera kutsekedwa. Patapita nthawi, pamene kuyaka kuli kotetezeka mokwanira (kutentha kwa ng’anjo kumayendera limodzi ndi kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa zigawo zachitsulo), tikhoza kuyika ndondomekoyi kuti ikhale yapamwamba komanso yapamwamba. Ndizoletsedwa kutsegula chivundikiro cha chipinda choyaka moto panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chitofu, kenako kuyatsanso chitofu chotentha, komanso kudzaza tanki ya chitofu chotentha! Muyenera kusamala kwambiri podzaza thanki kuti pasakhale dontho limodzi lomwe limayandikira thankiyo. Chifukwa, ngakhale titapukuta bwino thanki (zomwe sizingatheke nthawi zonse chifukwa chosafika), fungo losasangalatsa la kutuluka kwa mafuta lidzatsalirabe.

Chigawo chofunikira kwambiri cha chitofu chamafuta chotenthetsera ndi chophatikizira (mkuyu 6, gawo a). Mafuta amadutsa potsegula (1) ndi fyuluta (2) ndi valve ya singano (3) imagwera kuchokera ku thanki ndikulowa m’zipinda zodyera. Pokweza kuchuluka kwa mafuta m’chipindacho, choyandama chachikulu (4) chimakweranso, chomwe chimatseka valavu ya singano yolowera (3) kudzera pa lever. Izi zimalepheretsa kuti nyumba yodyetsera zisadzaze. Ngati, ngakhale pali lamuloli, mafuta ochulukirapo alowa mnyumbamo, amadutsa kagawo kakang’ono kulowa mchipinda chachitetezo choyandama (9) ndikukwezanso choyandama chaching’ono. Choyandamacho chimatulutsa valavu ya singano (3) ndi kasupe wothamanga ndi wodzaza (izi zimachitikanso pamene kuyaka kwayima). Mwa njira, shutter yofulumira imathanso kutsekedwa ndikutsegulidwa ndi lever yomwe tatchulayi (10) (ngati tisindikiza batani, imatsegula, ndipo ngati tiyikoka, imatseka valve ya singano). Kuchokera ku chakudya, mafuta amayenda kudzera mu valve ya singano (5) kupita kuchipinda choyaka. Valavu iyi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza chowongolera (pini yowongolera imamangidwa ndi spline valve). Pa. kunsi kwa feeder pali mapulagi oyeretsera (7). Ndi pini (8) valavu ya singano yotulutsa imatha kusuntha (“kusambira”). Chivundikirocho chimangiriridwa ndi zomangira ndi zomangira.

Panthawi ya chitsimikizo, wodyetsa sayenera kukonzedwa, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, ngati kotheka, ndi bwino kuyika kukonza ku malo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka. Ngati izi sizingatheke, omwe ali ndi chidziwitso china cha makina amatha kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kulephera, ndipo pamapeto pake, amathetsa. Lawi lamoto lizizima kapena kuchepa kwa ntchito ya ng’anjo ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za kusokonekera, koma zimachitikanso kuti lawilo limazima pambuyo poyatsa, kapena kuti batani la shutter lofulumira silingadindidwe.

Chithunzi 6 — chodyera, kukonza ndi zigawo za ng’anjo.

Malongosoledwe a kukonzanso ndi kukonza zakale

Choyamba tiyenera kuyesa kudziwa cholakwika kuchokera kunja, kotero tiwona ngati batani likhoza kukanidwa, ngati wowongolera wodyetsa atembenuka komanso ngati chizindikiro cha mulingo chikugwira ntchito. Kenaka, tidzachotsa chivundikirocho ndikuwona ngati pini yogawanika ya kumasulidwa mwamsanga kapena wolamulira wagwa. Ngati itero, tidzayiyikanso pamalo ake ndikukhazikitsanso kulumikizana.

Ngati timayendetsa chitofu panthawi yoyeretsa kapena kunyamula (tikhoza kungonyamula opanda kanthu), zimachitika kuti mafuta amatha kulowa m’chipinda cha chitetezo choyandama, chomwe chimakwera ndikubweretsa chotseka chofulumira ku malo otsekedwa kosatha, kotero kuti batani sungakanizidwe. Zikatero, mafuta ayenera kuponyedwa kunja ndi pampu ya mpira wa rabara ndipo cholakwikacho chidzachotsedwa (mkuyu 6, gawo b). Ngati mafuta abwereranso m’chipinda chachitetezo ndipo nthawi yomweyo choyandama chachikulu chimamira mumafuta, zikutanthauza kuti choyandama chachikulu chabowola ndikusunga valavu yolowera ndikutsegula ndikutseka kwachitetezo. Kukonza kulephera koteroko kuli kale ntchito ya katswiri. Momwemonso, pamene kusuntha kwa pini yosinthira sikuli zotanuka (sikubwerera), nthawi zambiri pamakhala vuto lamkati ndipo kukonza kuyenera kuperekedwa kwa katswiri.

Ngati ma valve ali otseguka ndipo muli mafuta okwanira mu thanki, koma mafuta sakufikabe m’nyumba ya feeder, ndizotheka kuti atsekedwa. Chitsulo chothirira pansi pa thanki, pomwe chitoliro chokhetsa chochokera ku feeder chilumikizidwa, chiyenera kuyang’aniridwa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati tikhetsa thanki, titha kuchotsa chubu ndi kuliyeretsa (zowononga zonse pa chitofu zimakhala ndi cholumikizira chakumanja). Tidzathanso kuwomba ndi pampu ya mpira wa rabara polowera pakhomo la nyumba zoyandama zomwe zasokonekera (mkuyu 6; gawo c), ndipo tidzamasula fyuluta mosavuta (mutu wopukutira ukuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi, kumunsi kumanja kwa nyumbayo).

Panthawi yokonza, chidebe chachikulu (poto) chiyenera kuikidwa pansi pa chitofu kuti mafuta a mapaipi ndi malo otsekedwa asatsikire pansi.

Zisindikizo, zomwe tidazichotsa pakuyika, siziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Zisindikizo zoyambirira za fakitale zokha ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa mwinamwake sitidzakhala ndi chisindikizo chabwino. Muzochitika zabwino kwambiri, kusindikiza koyipa kumangopanga fungo losasangalatsa, koma kungayambitsenso moto ndikuwotcha nyumba yathu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ma gaskets pansi pa nati wa kugwirizana kwa chitoliro chopita ku chipinda choyaka moto amapangidwa ndi zitsulo. Mtundu wina wa sealant udzayaka chifukwa cha kutentha kwa malo oyatsira moto, kotero kuti mafuta amatuluka pamalo owopsa kwambiri ndipo moto ukhoza kuchitika. Omwe samakhala m’malo oterowo omwe ali ndi masitolo ogulitsa, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikuchotsa chophatikizira ndikungochitengera ku msonkhano. Kulephera kwa njira yoperekera mafuta nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha zonyansa zamafuta zomwe zimayambitsa kutsekeka. Choncho, thanki iyenera kudzazidwa kupyolera mu fyuluta iwiri. Ngati mafuta athu ali mumtsuko waukulu (monga mbiya ya 200l), ndiye kuti mafutawo ayenera kuloledwa kukhazikika asanadzaze tanki. Nthawi zonse pamakhala parafini mumafuta a “chilimwe”, ndipo parafini imawala kale kutentha kwa +4°C ndipo makhiristo amatha kutseka mapaipi ndi ma valve a ng’anjo. Choncho, ngati m’chilimwe timagula mafuta onse ofunikira m’nyengo yozizira, ndalama zomwe zimafunika kuti mudzaze thanki, tiyenera kuziyika m’chipinda chofunda dzulo. Ndibwino kuti muchotse thanki kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene kuyeretsa ndi kukonza (kuchotsa coke, kutsuka fyuluta) kumachitika ndikutsuka bwino.

Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ng’anjo kumachepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kulimba kwa depositi, komwe ndi kondakitala wosakwanira wa kutentha. Ngati sitiyeretsa pamwamba pa bedi mwadongosolo mlungu uliwonse, matopewo amawunjikana kwambiri moti kuchotsa kungawononge ng’anjoyo. Ikagwidwa kutsogolo kwa chipinda choyatsira moto, imalepheretsa kutulutsa mafuta kuchipinda choyaka. Kuyika basket yamoto m’ng’anjo kudzakulitsa kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndikuletsa kupanga ma depositi.

Chizindikiro chamafuta ali ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Ikhoza kungopanikizana pamene njanji ziwiri za mbali zowongolera zimapunduka panthawi yochotsa kukhudzidwa. Vutoli limakonzedwa powongola njanji.

Amayi apakhomo nthawi zambiri amatsuka kunja kwa chitofu mosamala kwambiri, makamaka ngati chitofu chikuwoneka bwino. Koma chitofucho chiyeneranso kutsukidwa kuchokera mkati (pamene kuli kozizira), chifukwa chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yowonongeka, dothi lakunja (tsitsi la kapeti, ndi zina zotero) limagwidwa pakhoma lakunja la chipinda choyaka moto ndipo limapanga ngozi ya kuphulika. Ngozi imeneyi imabukanso pamene ma desilita angapo a mafuta aunjikana m’chipinda choyaka popanda kuyaka ndipo chitofucho chimayaka moto. Pamenepa, mafuta amayenera kuponyedwa kale!

Draft regulator

Pakuti chitofu chamafuta chotenthetsera chigwire bwino ntchito, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusintha kayendedwe ka mpweya mmenemo, mwachitsanzo, draft. Kuti musinthe zolembazo, zida zoyenera kwambiri ndi zowongolera zolembera ndi manometer poyezera momwe ntchitoyo ikuyendera.

Kukonzekera bwino kwa ng’anjo yamafuta apakati ndi ntchito yabwino1,5-2 mmmadzi gawo (chidule cha VS). Mafuta onse oyatsa mafuta amaperekedwa molondola. kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amafanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene umalowa ndi ndondomekoyi. Kugwira ntchito koyenera kwa chodyetsa kumawunikidwa pa chipangizo chilichonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta m’ng’anjo yomwe tatchulayi (zotsatira5000 kcal / ola) pa digiri6ndi0,86kuwala/ola, ndi pa digiri1ndi 0,22kuyatsa / ola, ngati mafuta akukhuthala agwiritsidwa ntchito1,4° E. Zolemba za1,5-2mmamatanthauza digiri6ndipo amatetezedwa ndi chimney kutalika4-5 m.

Ngati chimney draft ndi yaikulu kuposa2 mmVS, ndiye kuchuluka kwa kuyaka80%. Ndikoyenera kuyika kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha kwa chitofu ku ntchito yovomerezeka. 

Kulondola kwa wodyetsa kungathe kuwongoleredwa ndi kulondola kwapafupipafupi poyesa kuchuluka kwa moto womwe watenthedwa ndi nthawi ya ng’anjo. Ngati digiri6idyani kuchuluka komwe kwaperekedwa ndipo mtundu wamoto ndi wachikasu ndipo kuyaka ndikwabwino, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa phindu kuli pafupifupi80%. Ngati kumwa kuli mkati mwa malire omwe mwauzidwa, ndipo mtundu wamoto ndi wofiyira wofiyira, ndiye kuti kulemberako kumakhala kochepa (pafupifupi1 mmVS). Kukonzekera kotereku sikungapereke mpweya wofunikira kuti uyake ndipo ng’anjo imagwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumafunika kusinthidwa. Ngati kumwa kuli bwino ndipo mtundu wamoto ndi woyera, ndiye kuti pali mpweya wambiri, mwachitsanzo. chimney chimayambitsa ma drafts ambiri ndipo chitofu chimagwira ntchito bwino.

Poyamba (poganiza kuti zolembazo sizingawonjezeke) mlingo wa zochita ukhoza kusinthidwa mwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta. Kachiwiri, chowongolera chowongolera chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Mawu oti “wowongolera” siwolondola kwambiri, chifukwa nawonso kulemba sikungawonjezeke, koma zotsatira zoyipa za kulembedwa mochulukira zitha kuchepetsedwa, mwachitsanzo, kukhoza kukhazikika patsogolo pa mtengo woyenera wa 2mm VS. Maonekedwe ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya owongolera akuwonetseredwa mumkuyu. 7

Chithunzi 7 — Maonekedwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito za wowongolera.

Woyang’anira zolembera kwenikweni ndi shank ya T-piece. Mapeto amodzi a T-chidutswa amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chitoliro chotulutsa mpweya wa chipinda choyaka moto, ndipo chimbudzi chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mapeto ena. Kumapeto kwa gawo la T chowongolera chagulugufe chimayikidwa. Gulugufe amayikidwa pa pivot yopingasa ndipo amasinthidwa ndi counterweight, yomwe yosinthidwa ndi ulusi. Ngati tipotoza counterweight, ndiye gulugufe amatsegula kokha pamwamba drafts, ndipo ngati ife unscrew izo, ndiye amatsegula komanso pa kupanikizika kochepa.

Ngati zolembera zili pansi pa mtengo2 mmGulugufe wa VS ali pamalo otsekedwa. Ngati kuyamwa kwa chimney tsopano kwawonjezeka, gulugufe amatsegula ndikulola mpweya kuchokera m’chipindacho kupita ku chumney ndipo motero amalepheretsa kuwonjezeka kwa kuyamwa kwa chipinda choyaka moto. Mwa njira iyi, mpweya womwe uli ndi kutentha kwa chipinda umadutsa mu chumney, osati mpweya wotentha wochokera kuchipinda choyaka.350-400°C. Izi ndi zachuma. Ngati tikonza counterweight kusinthidwa kwa mtengo wa2 mmVS, tidzapereka mtengo wokhazikika komanso wolondola komanso magwiridwe antchito. Ngati chitofu chikugwira ntchito pamadigiri1-6, kuwongolera kulemera sikofunikira (mwachitsanzo.2 mmVS pa1,5 mm) chifukwa, ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa, kutentha kwa chinthu choyaka moto kudzakhala kochepa, ndipo chifukwa cha izi, kukula kwa zojambulazo kudzachepa ndi makumi angapo a millimeters.

The regulator ndi njira yosavuta. Chigawo cha T cha shank ndi chinthu chamalonda komanso miyeso yolumikizira (m’mimba mwake105 mm) amafanana ndi kukula kwa chunk mu ng’anjo. Wowongolera amakhala ndi kapu yotsekera shank, gulugufe, pini ndi ulusi wopota wokhala ndi malekezero onse okhala ndi mtedza wofanana womwe umagwira ntchito ngati zopinga.

Kuyeza mphamvu ya zolembera pa chitofu

Osati kokha ndi masitovu amafuta amafuta komanso ndi masitovu ena, ndikofunikira kudziwa mphamvu ya chimney draft. Chifukwa mphamvu yakulembera ndi yaying’ono kwambiri (pafupifupi1-10 mmVS) ndizovuta kuwona ndi U-tube pressure gauge. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito otchedwa madzi kuthamanga gauge. “Chida” cha manometer ichi chili ndi mawonekedwe a chitoliro chokhala ndi m’mimba mwake10h1machubu agalasi, opindika pa ngodya90-70°. Dzanja lalikuru, lowongoka litseke kona ndi yopingasa ya11,5°. Dzanja lalifupi ndi lopangidwa ngati paipi. Ikhoza kuikidwa pa bolodi lamatabwa ndikukhazikika ndi tepi yachitsulo yopyapyala, ndipo pepala la graph liyenera kuikidwa pansi pa gawo loyezera. Dzanja lalitali liyenera kukhala lalitali kuposa mbaleyo, kuti payipi ya rabara ikhale yosavuta kukokera pamenepo (Mkuyu. 8). (Chitolirocho chikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku mapaipi awiri agalasi, koma ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi payipi ya rabara).

*Chithunzi8- Chiwonetsero chazosungidwa zakale zamayezedwe amphamvu zoyeserera.

Timayika mapeto ena a payipi ya rabara pa chitoliro chachitsulo cha m’mimba mwake10x1, kutalika100-200 mmzomwe timaziyika mu squat pamwamba pa bondo pamtunda40 cmm’mimba mwake10 mm(kutsegulaku kuyenera kutsekedwa powombera ndi pulagi yachitsulo) kuti ilowe gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chunk. Chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kugulitsidwa ku shank.

Chitoliro cha galasi chimadzazidwa ndi madzi achikuda (mwachitsanzo inki) ndipo pa pepala la graph amawerengedwa ndi mamilimita angati omwe madzi amayamwa ku chitoliro cha utsi, ngati chitoliro chachitsulo chayikidwa mu chumney. Kusuntha kuchokera5 mmpa mtunda wa11,5° amafanana ndi mzati wa madzi1 mm. Ndibwino kuti muyang’ane geji iyi ndi chida chofunikira.