Ukuze uthole imithwalo ephakeme kanye ne-spans, izigaba ze-beam zitholwa ngokubala, okunzima ukuzithola ngobude obudingekayo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umuntu kufanele ashintshele ezakhiweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izakhiwo ezichazwe ngaphansi kokuthi 1 kanye nokuthi 2 ziyimisebenzi yezandla ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuxhuma zanamuhla kufanelekile impela.
1. I-Beam exhunywe ngemishayo
Imishayo emibili ngesikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imishayo emithathu ngesikhathi lapho kwenziwa amabhuloho, ibekwa phezu komunye nomunye bese ixhunywa ngokulinganayo ngama dowels nezikulufu. Ukuthi ukuphambana okunjalo kuzofinyelela kungakanani umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesigaba esigcwele esihambisanayo kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kobuchopho, izinga lomswakama wento kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi. Lokhu akusoze kwaba njalo ngokuphelele. Ngokwezinga le-DIN, umzuzu wokumelana wemishayo emibili ngu-W=0,85bh__2_____6, futhi emishayweni emithathu ilingana no W=0,7bh__2_____6. Ngamabhuloho, lawa ma-coefficient ehliselwe ku0,8, leyo0,6. Uma ubala ukuchezuka, cabanga ukuthi isikhathi sokungenzi lutho semishayo emibili ngu-I=0,6bh__3_____12, kanye nemishayo emithathu I=0,3bh__3_____12. Izikulufu, uma kwenzeka zishwabana ukhuni, kufanele ziqiniswe ngokwezinga elifanele.
Isithombe 1: I-beam exhunywe ngemishayo, esetshenziswa njengesakhiwo esingaphansi ekwakhiweni kwe-mezzanine.
Okwezidumbu zombazi ongunxande, ezihlale zenziwe ngokhuni lwe-oki, ukujula okufanelekile kakhulu1/8ku1/10ukuphakama kwemishayo ngayinye; imicu ye-medulla kanye nemicu yemishayo kufanele ihambe ngendlela efanayo.
Ukuze ugweme ukugobela phansi, imishayo enobuchopho inikezwa i-overhang noma umcibisholo maphakathi ne-span ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa kokugcina. Imishayo ixhunywe komunye nomunye ngezikulufo, futhi i-grooving of sockets yenziwa esigabeni esisodwa sokusebenza ngomshini we-chain grooving. Emkhiwaneni. 1 ibonisa uhlaka olunezinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa isakhiwo esingaphansi ekwakhiweni kwe-mezzanine. Imishayo enezinsimbi zenziwa kufika kububanzi obungu-15 m.
Imishayo enobuchopho kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngokuhlukile, ngoba zonke izinhlobo, ngaphezu komthamo ophansi wokuthwala umthwalo, zidinga umsebenzi omningi kanye nokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezinto. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuguqulwa okubangelwa umthwalo kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka.
2. I-Hanger, isiphanyeko esisekelayo nesiphanyeko esisekelwe
Esimeni lapho ingxenye evamile ye-cross-section ye-beam inganele, futhi kunesikhala esanele endizeni yayo ohlangothini olungezansi noma olungaphezulu (isb. ezihlalweni ezisophahleni, amabhuloho, izikafula, njll.), kukhona ithuba lokubeka hanger, noma. ukusekela noma inhlanganisela ye-hanger nokwesekwa. Ngokucabangela inani lamaphoyinti lapho ukumiswa noma ukwesekwa kwenziwa, kukhona okulula kanye okuphindwe kabili okuphanyeka, noma okulula kanye okusekela okukabili. Lapho kubalwa i-hanger elula (fig. 2), kubhekwa ukuthi ama-hangers abekwe phezulu_noma_komabili abekwe ngaphezulu_noma_ isigamu se-span futhi idluliselwe kuma-bearings ngesigamu somthwalo othi, njengoba usakazwa ngokulinganayo, usebenza ku-tension enezingqimba. Emkhiwaneni. 3 ikhombisa ukuxhumana phakathi kokuma nokushuba. Emkhiwaneni. 4 ibonisa i-hanger ekabili emele uphahla olusekelayo (uhhafu wesobunxele: uphahla olunama-trusses, uhhafu wesokudla: uphahla olunamakhoni).
Izithombe 2–5: Isiphanyeko esilula nesikabili, ukuxhumeka kokuma mpo kanye nokuqina kanye nefindo le-purlin, ikholomu nebha enqamulayo.
Induku evundlile phakathi kwezimo ezimbili ibizwa ngokuthi crossbar. In fig. 5 ikhombisa indawo lapho kuhlangana khona ibha enqamulayo, ikholomu ne-crossbar; esimweni semithwalo esindayo, ishidi le-nodal libekwe. Ekusekelweni, isakhiwo esisekelayo sitholakala ngaphansi kwesigxobo esisekelwa endaweni eyodwa (fig. 6) noma amaphuzu amabili (umkhiwane 7). Kulokhu, ingxenye evundlile (i-thrust) kufanele yamukelwe ukwesekwa. Ukwandisa ukushuba, i-alternator esithombeni 7 ixhunywe kuyo ngamantongomane namabhawodi. Isithombe 8 sibonisa i-hanger esekelwayo, emele inhlanganisela phakathi kwe-hanger nesisekelo. Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ukusikeka ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, ukungezwani kufanele kube kabili.
Izithombe 6–8: Usekelo lwephoyinti elilodwa namabili kanye nesiphanyeko esisekelwayo.
3. Izibophezelo ezigcwele
Izinsimbi zokubopha
Izigxobo eziqinile, ezihlotshaniswa nezigaba ze-I zezakhiwo zensimbi, zivela ngendlela yemishayo ehlanganiswe nezinduku, enamathiselwe noma e-varnished ngezipikili. Umkhawulo ongaphezulu wobubanzi ngu-15 m. Mayelana nobude besakhiwo, obufana nokwakhiwa kwensimbi, kufanele kube kububanzi 1/8 kuye ku-1/12. Ifomu elilula kakhulu lombambo limelelwa i-talpa ebekwe mpo, exhunywe ngamabhawudi nezikulufu ezinamabhande (ifig. 9). Ukuqina okuqondile, okwenziwe ngokhuni olulahliwe futhi kufakwe phakathi kwamabhande, kufanele kugwenywe kulezi zisekelo, ngoba zivimbela ukuncishiswa kokuphakama lapho izinkuni zincipha, futhi zingaholela ekudwebeni kwezimbambo.
Isithombe 9: Umumo wombambo olula wothayi oqinile wensimbi.
Emkhiwaneni.10i-span elula iyaboniswa14,04 m. Izingxenye ezimbanjeni zimbozwe izingcezu ezinamathiselwe zeplywood. Izimbambo ziqiniswe ngezinsimbi eziqinile ezenziwe ngemishayo eklwetshiwe ngokumelene nokuvuvukala. Ingcindezi edingekayo lapho i-gluing izakhi inikezwa ngezikulufo ezisasele esakhiweni ngemva kokuba i-glue iqinisiwe ukuze ivikeleke. Ubambo luqukethe izingqimba ezimbili zamabhodi, awugqinsi24-40 mm, eziwela futhi zibethelwe komunye nomunye. Ukwenza uxhumano nezakhi eziningi, ama-dowels nezikulufa, noma izipikili, zisetshenziswa. Uma kwenzeka amabhande enziwe ngamapulangwe amaningana, ukufuduka kwawo kubheke ezimbanjeni kuyakhula uma amapulangwe eqhelelene nombambo. Ibhande elicindezelweyo kufanele lihlolwe ukuthi alibophekile yini. Emkhiwaneni.11isibonelo ngokwezindinganiso zesiRashiya sibonisiwe.
Isithombe10: Simple span ugongolo14,04 m.
Isithombe11: Isibonelo se-binder ye-beam ngokuya ngezindinganiso zesi-Russian.
Ukuqina okuncane kuboniswa izisekelo ezingenalutho (isib.12). Ibhande elingaphezulu nelaphansi ngalinye lakha ugongolo olulodwa oluklwetshiwe, olunganikezwa kalula i-overhang edingekayo. Kuyasiza ukufaka into ecindezelwe ethambekele eduze kombhede, ehlala ngokumelene nebhande eliphansi nephezulu ngenotshi; kwandisa ukuqina kwe-beam, nakuba kungenjalo kakhulu.
Isithombe12: Usekelo olungenalutho.
Ama-arch binder
Emkhiwaneni.13okubonisiwe kuyi-binder yendawo yokugcina usawoti e-Netherlands. Amanani ebanga54 m, ibanga le-binder5,4 m. I-prestress efinyelelwe ngokugoba amabhodi ahlanganiswe ayinawo umphumela obonakalayo emandleni okuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo. Ukunciphisa umzuzu we-inertia kanye nomzuzu wokumelana nezigaba ezinamathiselwe akudingekile.
Isithombe13: I-Arch binder yendawo yokugcina usawoti e-Netherlands.
Emkhiwaneni.14ukusekela kohlaka oluhlangene kathathu olukhanyayo olwenziwa ngokunamatheliswa kuyaboniswa. Izimbambo zenziwe ngemicu yobubanzi18 cmku20 cm, ukujiya5 cm, okuthi, ngemva kokumisa, kuhlanganiswe komunye nomunye futhi ebhande eliphansi nangaphezulu nge-kaurit glue enesengezo esibandayo esibandayo esiphuzi.
Isithombe14: Ukusekelwa kohlaka oluhlanganiswe kathathu olukhanyayo olwenziwe ngokunamathisela.
Izibophelelo ze-arch ezi-Riveted, ezimbambo zazo ziqukethe izendlalelo ezimbili zamapulangwe anqanyuliwe kuma-engeli angakwesokudla, lapho amapulangwe amaningana aqondile abekwe ngokuvumelana nokuma kwe-arch abethelwe njengamabhande, ayonga kakhulu. Kukhona ithuba lokusebenzisa izingodo ezibuthakathaka nezifushane ngisho nasezipanini ezinkulu kakhulu.
4. Izibophelelo ze-Lattice
Izakhiwo zesimanje ze-lattice zokhuni ziqhathaniswa kakhulu nezakhiwo zensimbi ngokuya ngomumo nezinhlelo, nakuba zingahlali zinengqondo ekwakhiweni kokhuni. Izakhiwo zokhuni zenzelwe ukuthi kube namandla amancane ngangokunokwenzeka ekuxhumekeni ohlangothini. Izingcindezi zesibili azinakho ukubaluleka ezinakho ezakhiweni zensimbi. Izinduku ezibuswa iziqhingi ezincane ngokuvamile azidingi ukuxhunywa phakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi uma kufinyelelwa ukwenza lula okwakhayo. Ukwakhiwa kwe-lattice kunokonga kakhulu kunezisekelo ezigcwele, uma kukhona ukuphakama okwanele kwesakhiwo. Nokho, babeka umbazi nezinto ezibonakalayo phambi kwemisebenzi enzima kakhulu.
Ibhendi ephansi yezinsimbi zokubopha ngokuvamile ivundlile, okungukuthi ngesikhathi sokuthunga, ithola i-overhang ethile, ekalwa ngendlela yokuthi ingagobi phansi ngaphansi komthwalo ogcwele. Inani le-overhang lincike ezindleleni zangaphandle, umswakama wesakhiwo kanye nokuphakama okumile kwezinsimbi. Kungcono ukunikeza i-overhang enkulu kakhulu kunokuncane kakhulu. Ibhande elingaphezulu linwebeka kakhulu ngokuhambisana nesembozo sophahla.
Esimeni somthambeka omncane kakhulu (ngezansi 6%) kunengozi yokuthi, ngobude obuncane besakhiwo namanodi anikezayo, ukuwa okuphambene kuzodalwa eduze kwebhiliyoni nemiphumela yako emibi. Ukuthambeka kwenduku esebenza ngokwezibalo yebhande elingaphezulu embhedeni akufanele kube ngaphansi kokuthi 1:3.
Abakaki abahambisanayo
I-Howe’s edumile isasetshenziswa nanamuhla (Fig.15). Ama-diagonal abekwe ukuze athole ingcindezi ngomthwalo ogcwele, kuyilapho okuqondile kugxilile. Okuma mpo yizinduku zensimbi zesigaba esiyindilinga ezinamantongomane nhlangothi zombili (isib.15, kwesokudla). Uma kwenzeka ubakaki ugobela phansi ngenxa yokushwabana kwezinkuni noma ukwakhiwa okungalungile, amantongomane angaqiniswa ngemva kwalokho. Okwezikhala ezincane noma ezinomthwalo omncane, okuqondile kungenziwa ngendlela yamapulangwe (isib.15, kwesobunxele). Ukuphakama kokwakhiwa kunconywa, kufana nezisekelo ezigcwele, kube1/8ku1/12ububanzi; ngezipani ezinkulu nemithwalo esindayo, kufika ku1/6.
Isithombe15: I-Howe’s parallel beam.
Izinsimbi zophahla zendlela eyodwa
Emkhiwaneni.16futhi17Amasistimu othayi wocingo olulodwa lwezipani ezincane nezimaphakathi kanye nemithwalo elula ayavezwa.
Izithombe16-20: Amasistimu othayi ophahleni olunocingo olulodwa nonxantathu.
Isithombe21: Imininingwane ye-lattice binder.
Izibophezelo ezingunxantathu
Ama-fasteners angama-triangular (isib.18ku22) ama-spans amancane naphakathi amelela izinsimbi ezonga kakhulu futhi ezisabalele zezakhiwo zokhuni. Amandla amakhulu ebhande awekho phakathi nendawo, kodwa ezisekelweni. Njengoba izinduku zigcwele, ngisho nomthwalo we-asymmetric, kwenzeka ukungezwani kuphela, okungukuthi ingcindezi, ngaphandle kokushintshana kwama-voltages, kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamafindo, ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kokhuni. Emkhiwaneni.22isibopho sehholo ledolobha eHolzminden siyaboniswa. Endabeni yama-spans amakhulu, ama-fasteners angunxantathu anama-eaves aphakanyisiwe ayenziwa (isib.23).
Izithombe22futhi23: Isibopho esingunxantathu sehholo ledolobha kanye nesibopho esinama-eave aphakanyisiwe.
Izibophelelo ze-Mansard
Ama-fasteners e-Mansard (isib.24ku26) kumabanga we15 mku35 mbabonakala beyonga kakhulu. Zinconywa ngobude besistimu1/8ku1/6ububanzi. Ukwemboza, lokhu okulandelayo kucatshangelwa: amashidi ama-corrugated of asbestos fibers, kanye namaphepha ophahla. Ngomthambeko wengxenye ethambekele kancane yophahla, ubuncane kufanele buthathwe lapha futhi6%. Emkhiwaneni.26ulayini wesistimu wama-binder wezitshalo zokusebenza ze-München-Ost uyaboniswa, kanye namanodi amaningana abalulekile - uhlelo lwe-Kübler. Amanani ebanga26,5 m, kanye nebanga le-binder7 m.
Izithombe24futhi25: Izibophezelo zeMansard.
Isithombe26: Ulayini wesistimu namanodi ethayi ye-mansard yesitshalo sase-München-Ost.
I-Parabolic ne-arc fasteners
Ophahleni olunesisindo sokuzimela esikhulu kanye nomthambeka omncane, okungukuthi izindawo ezincane ezivezwe emoyeni ezinomthwalo weqhwa osabalale cishe ngokulinganayo, kunengqondo ukulungisa ukuma kwezibophelelo kulayini wokusekela. Izinduku zokugcwalisa zezibopho ze-parabolic azitholi amandla lapho umthwalo usatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo. Umsebenzi wabo ukuthola ukungalingani okungahleliwe emthwalweni kanye nokuvimbela ibhande elingaphezulu ukuthi lingaboli endizeni yezibophelelo. Izinduku zokugcwalisa kufanele ziboshwe ukuze zikwazi ukuthatha ukushuba nokucindezela. Unqenqema olungaphezulu lubunjwe lube yi-arch ngokusaha (fig. 27). Emkhiwaneni. 28 ikhombisa ulayini wesistimu namanodi amathathu okuhlanganisa izici.
Isithombe 27: I-Parabolic fastener ene-arched top edge.
Umfanekiso 28: Ulayini wesistimu namanodi okuhlanganisa nezici.
Uma, endabeni ye-spans enkulu kakhulu, kuphela ukusekelwa kokumboza ophahleni kusetshenziswa njengesekelo le-lattice (Fig.29) khona-ke ibhande eliphansi lomfanekiso, elithola ingcindezi, kufanele liphumule kuma-corneas anezikhonkwane. Ngenxa yemithambeka eguquguqukayo yokumboza uphahla, amakhadibhodi angenawo ama-terrated ayacatshangelwa. Kukhona ithuba lokudala i-slope elinganayo yophahla, kungaba ngamapulangwe aphakanyisiwe ahlala ngaphezu kwama-eves kanye ne-ridge, noma ngodonga lwe-eve, okungukuthi ngokufaka uphahla lwe-gable olunethambeka elithambile ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izihlanganisi ezihlangene ezimbili nezihlangene ezintathu
Amafreyimu ahlangene amabili avezwa ngomfanekiso.30futhi31. Ukwenza amafindo aqinile emakhoneni kudala ubunzima obuthile, obunganqotshwa kalula ngokusebenzisa amapuleti efindo anamathiselwe nge-resin yokwenziwa. Ama-voltage ashintshanayo ayenzeka kuma-filler rods, okwenza amafindo kube nzima ukwakhiwa. Emkhiwaneni.32uhlaka lwegridi ehlangene kabili yendawo yokukhosela yesikebhe eyodwa iyaboniswa (ibanga eliphakathi kwezibopho li5,6 m). Emkhiwaneni.33kwethulwa isibopho esihlangene kathathu. Amalunga angempela awatholakali kakhulu; ukuhamba okuthile kuphela kwanele. Izibophelelo ezihlangene ezintathu zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izikhala ezinkulu nezinkulu, ngoba ziyonga ngale njongo futhi zingacutshungulwa kahle ngobuchwepheshe.
Izithombe29futhi30: Ukusekelwa kwe-lattice kwesembozo sophahla kanye nohlaka oluhlangene kabili.
Izithombe31futhi33: Uhlaka oluhlanganiswe kabili kanye nesibopho esihlangene kathathu.
Isithombe 32: Ifreyimu ye-lattice ehlangene kabili yendawo yokuhlala yesikebhe.
Amahholo ane-multi-nave
Emkhiwaneni. 34, 35 kanye 36 kukhonjiswa njengezinhlobo ezisebenzayo zamahholo anemizila eminingi. Emkhiwaneni. 36 yethulwa njengesibopho sehholo lomkhosi lomphakathi oculayo e-Vienna. Ukuze kwakhiwe izixhumanisi, izinsimbi zamasongo zazisetshenziswa.
Izithombe 34 kanye 35: Izinhlobo ezisebenzayo zamahholo ane-nave eminingi.
Isithombe 36: Isibopho sehholo lomkhosi lomphakathi oculayo e-Vienna.
5. Imibhoshongo, isikafula kanye nezikhulu
Ukhuni njengempahla yokwakha luyacatshangelwa ukwakhiwa kwemibhoshongo yokubuka nokubuka izinto, imibhoshongo yesonto, kanye nemibhoshongo yezitshalo zezimboni. Ukuzinza kwezakhiwo ezihlala unomphela kutholakala kakhulu ngokucindezela amakholomu ezisekelweni. Izinto ezihloselwe izinjongo zesikhashana zivame ukuvikelwa ngokuboshwa ngezintambo zensimbi ezinwetshwe okungenani izinhlangothi ezintathu. Isisekelo ngokuvamile siyisikwele noma esingunxande. Izisekelo ezingunxantathu zingagcina ziyonga. Kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi akukho manzi noma ukungcola okuqoqayo ezindaweni zemibhoshongo engenakho ukuvala futhi umoya ungajikeleza kuzo zonke izingxenye. Ezintweni ezihlala njalo, izinkuni ezifakiwe kuphela okufanele zisetshenziswe. I-Impregnation ifinyelela ngokugcwele umgomo wayo kuphela uma yenziwa ngemva kokusika impahla, kodwa ngaphambi komhlangano. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izingodo eziyindilinga ezinsikeni, naphezu kokuthi ukwenza ukuxhumana kunzima kakhulu.
Isithombe 37: Isikhulu sokhuni e-Leipzig.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingodo zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezikafula nama-tribunes. Emkhiwaneni. 37 ibonisa i-Grandstand eyodwa e-Leipzig. Ezindleleni zangaphandle, kwasetshenziswa ubuchopho be-alligator enamazinyo. Uma izitendi zizosebenza ngokwezinjongo zesikhashana kuphela, azikhavi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umklamo wenziwa ngokucophelela okukhulu nokuthi, okokuqala, izigxivizo ezidingekayo ze-longitudinal kanye ne-transverse zibekwe. Ukuze okokusebenza kuphinde kusetshenziswe ngemva kokuhlakazwa, amanodi kufanele akhiwe ukuze umonakalo ube mncane ngangokunokwenzeka.
6. Amabhuloho
Ngokwakhiwa kwamabhuloho, ukhuni, ngaphezu kwetshe, ngaphambilini ludlale indima ebalulekile. Mayelana nokuqina kwento, ubudlelwano bushintshe kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezingcindezi ze-axle kanye nemithwalo eguquguqukayo, le nkambu yokwakha icishe ilahleke ngokuphelele ezakhiweni zokhuni. Amabhuloho enziwe ngokhuni awasebenzi namuhla, kodwa umbhalo olandelayo uzochaza ukuthi akhiwa futhi asetshenziswa kanjani esikhathini esidlule.
Kumabhuloho, izingodo kuphela zekhwalithi II noma I ezingasetshenziswa; lapho ufaka, izinkuni kufanele zibe okungenani zomile, futhi kufanele zifakwe ngendlela yokuthi zingomile ngokuqhubekayo. Ngale njongo, ukumilisa kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela, kulokhu okufanele zisetshenziswe ngemva kokucubungula nangaphambi kokukhwezwa, azanele ngokwazo.
Ukuxhunywa kwezinzipho kuvunyelwe kumabhuloho uma umswakama ungavinjelwa ukuthi ungangeni phakathi kwezinto zokhuni ezihlanganiswe ngezipikili uma ngale ndlela izipikili zingavikeleka ekuhlulekeni ngenxa yokugqwala. Ukuxhuma okunamathelisiwe kuvunyelwe kuphela uma kusetshenziswa iglue ye-resin yokwenziwa, ukumelana ngokuphelele nomswakama.
Umfanekiso 38: Ingxenye ephambanayo yebhodi eligandayiwe yebhuloho lesikhashana phezu kwe-Weser e-Höxter.
Emabhulohweni esikhashana, amasistimu esakhiwo ahlanganisiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu, kuzisekelo ezinkulu lapho amaphrofayili ensimbi e-I asetshenziswa khona, kuyilapho ezinye izingxenye zemishini engaphezulu nangaphansi yayihlanganisa ukhuni. Emkhiwaneni. 38 ibonisa ingxenye ephambanayo yebhuloho lesikhashana phezu kwe-Weser e-Höxter. Amabhuloho angaba ngaphandle kwama-longitudinal girders, futhi ngezinye izikhathi angenawo ama-transverse girders, okuncike ohlotsheni lwebhuloho kanye nenjongo yalo. Esimeni esinjalo, i-pavement incike ngqo kuzisekelo eziyinhloko. Iningi lala mabhuloho aklanyelwe ukuhamba ngezinyawo. Emkhiwaneni. 39 ibhuloho elivikelayo ngaphansi kwemoto yekhebula liyaboniswa.
Isithombe39: Ibhuloho elivikelayo ngaphansi kwemoto yekhebula.
Izihloko ezihlobene
Bona okwengeziwe mayelana nendaba ekhasini Izinto, kanye nendlela inkampani esebenza ngayo ekhasini Ukukhiqiza. Ukuze usebenzise ukhuni endaweni yokuhlanganisa, bheka amafasitela ezingodo kanye namafasitela okhuni-aluminium.