Rau siab dua loads thiab spans, beam seem yog tau los ntawm kev xam, uas yog ib qho nyuaj kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau lengths. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug yuav tsum hloov mus rau complex kev tsim kho. Cov kev tsim kho tau piav qhia hauv qab 1 thiab 2 yog cov khoom siv tes ua nkaus xwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev siv cov kev sib txuas niaj hnub no yog qhov tsim nyog heev.
1. Beam txuas nrog kab teeb
Ob kab ntawm ib lub sij hawm, thiab qee zaum peb kab ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum ua cov choj, muab tso rau saum ib leeg thiab ces sib txuas nrog dowels thiab screws. Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas xws li ib tug ntoo khaub lig-section yuav ua tau lub load-bearing muaj peev xwm ntawm ib tug coj tag nrho cross-section yog nyob ntawm seb lub efficiency ntawm lub hlwb, cov degree ntawm av noo ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov workmanship. Qhov no yuav tsis yog qhov teeb meem completely. Raws li tus qauv DIN, lub sijhawm tiv thaiv rau ob kab teeb yog W =0,85bh_ ib2__/6_, thiab rau peb kab nws yog W =0,7bh_ ib2__/6._ Rau cov choj, cov coefficients no raug txo rau0,8, yog0,6. Thaum xam deflection, xav tias lub sij hawm ntawm inertia rau ob kab teeb yog I =0,6bh_ ib3__/12_, thiab rau peb kab I =0,3bh_ ib3__/12._ Cov ntsia hlau, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm shrinkage ntawm cov ntoo, yuav tsum tau nruj me ntsis raws li qhov tsim nyog.
Duab 1: Ib lub teeb txuas nrog cov kab teeb, siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv mezzanine.
Rau cov neeg ntoo duab plaub lub mortises, uas ib txwm ua los ntawm cov ntoo qhib, qhov tob tshaj plaws ntawm kev txiav yog1/8rau1/10qhov siab ntawm tus kheej kab; cov fibers ntawm lub medulla thiab cov fibers ntawm cov kab teeb yuav tsum khiav nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev khoov downwards, cov kab teeb nrog lub paj hlwb tau muab ib qho overhang lossis arrow rau nruab nrab ntawm qhov ncua ua ntej lub rooj sib txoos zaum kawg. Cov kab teeb yog txuas rau ib leeg nrog cov ntsia hlau, thiab cov grooving ntawm lub qhov (socket) yog ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib theem ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug saw grooving tshuab. Hauv daim duab. 1 qhia tau hais tias lub nqaj nrog cov cleats siv rau lub substructure hauv mezzanine kev tsim kho. Beams nrog braces yog ua los ntawm 15 m ntau yam.
Beams nrog lub hlwb yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog tshwj xeeb, txij li txhua hom, ntxiv rau qhov tsis tshua muaj peev xwm thauj khoom, yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntau thiab siv cov khoom siv loj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov deformations tshwm sim los ntawm lub load yog me npaum li sai tau.
2. Hanger, txhawb nqa thiab txhawb nqa hanger
Yog tias qhov ntu ntu ntu ntawm lub nqaj tsis txaus, thiab muaj qhov chaw txaus hauv nws lub dav hlau nyob rau sab qis lossis sab saud (piv txwv li ntawm lub rooj zaum hauv ru tsev, txuas hniav, scaffolding, thiab lwm yam), muaj peev xwm muab hanger, lossis. support los yog combination ntawm hanger thiab kev txhawb nqa. Xav txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev ncua lossis kev txhawb nqa, muaj simple thiab double hangers, los yog simple thiab ob qho kev txhawb nqa. Thaum xam cov hanger yooj yim (daim duab 2), _ yog suav tias yog ob qho tib si. shears muab tso rau ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm qhov ncua sij hawm thiab hloov mus rau cov bearings los ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov load uas, raws li ib tug sib npaug zos faib, ua nyob rau hauv kab rov tav tension. nyob rau hauv daim duab. 3 qhia kev sib txuas ntawm ntsug thiab nro. Hauv daim duab. 4 qhia txog ob lub hanger uas sawv cev rau lub ru tsev txhawb nqa (sab laug ib nrab: ru tsev nrog trusses, sab xis ib nrab: ru tsev nrog cornices).
- Cov duab 2–5: Yooj yim thiab ob chav hanger, kev sib txuas ntawm ntsug thiab nro thiab pob qhov rooj ntawm purlin, kem thiab crossbar.*
Kab rov tav lo ntawm ob txoj kab ntsug yog hu ua crossbar. Hauv daim duab. 5 qhia cov node qhov twg crossbar, kem thiab crossbar sib ntsib; nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hnyav loads, ib daim ntawv nodal muab tso rau. Ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa, cov qauv kev txhawb nqa yog nyob hauv qab kab uas txhawb nqa ntawm ib qho chaw (daim duab 6) lossis ob lub ntsiab lus (daim duab 7). Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kab rov tav (thrust) yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Txhawm rau kom qhov nro, lub alternator hauv daim duab 7 txuas nrog nws nrog txiv ntseej thiab bolts. Daim duab 8 qhia tau hais tias txhawb nqa hanger, uas sawv cev rau kev sib txuas ntawm lub hanger thiab kev txhawb nqa. Txhawm rau kom muaj peev xwm ua tau qhov kev txiav tsis tas txuas ntxiv, qhov nro yuav tsum yog ob npaug.
- Cov duab 6–8: Ib qho thiab ob lub ntsiab lus txhawb nqa thiab txhawb nqa hanger.*
3. Cov ntaub ntawv puv
Beam fasteners
Cov kab teeb khoom, ua qauv tom qab I-seem ntawm cov qauv steel, tshwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab teeb nrog rods, glued los yog varnished nrog rau tes. Qhov siab tshaj ntawm qhov ntau yog 15 m. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov yam ntxwv qhov siab, zoo ib yam li steel siv, nws yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub 1/8 mus rau 1/12 ntau. Daim ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm cov tav yog sawv cev los ntawm cov vertically tso talpa, txuas nrog bolts thiab screws nrog txoj siv tawv (daim duab 9). Stiffening ntsug, uas yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo seem thiab muab tso rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm txoj siv sia, yuav tsum zam rau cov kev txhawb nqa no, vim tias lawv tiv thaiv kev txo qhov siab thaum ntoo shrinks, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov tav tearing.
Image 9: Qhov yooj yim rib zoo ntawm cov hlua khi ruaj khov.
Hauv daim duab.10ib qho yooj yim span beam yog qhia14,04 m. Cov khoom ntawm cov tav yog them nrog cov nplaum nplaum ntawm plywood. Cov tav yog ruaj nrog stiffeners ua los ntawm scraped beams tiv thaiv bulging. Lub siab xav tau thaum gluing cov ntsiab lus yog muab los ntawm cov ntsia hlau uas tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv cov qauv tom qab cov kua nplaum tau hardened rau kev nyab xeeb. Cov tav muaj ob txheej ntawm cov laug cam, tuab24-40 mm, uas hla thiab raug ntsia rau ib leeg. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov ntsiab lus feem ntau, dowels thiab screws, lossis ntsia hlau, yog siv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas cov hlua khi yog tsim los ntawm ob peb lub planks, lawv qhov kev txav mus rau ntawm tus tav nce yog tias cov planks nyob deb ntawm cov tav. Lub compressed siv yuav tsum tau kuaj rau buckling. Hauv daim duab.11ib qho piv txwv raws li cov qauv Lavxias tau qhia.
- Daim duab10: Yooj yim span beam14,04 m.*
- Daim duab11: Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob raws li cov qauv Lavxias.*
Tsawg zog yog qhia los ntawm hollow txhawb (daim duab.12). Txoj siv sab sauv thiab sab qis txhua daim ntawv ib lub nqaj hlau, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim muab qhov tsim nyog overhang. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nruab ib qho inclined pressed caij nyob ze ntawm lub txaj, uas rests tiv thaiv lub sab thiab sab siv nrog ib tug thais; nws nce lub rigidity ntawm lub nqaj, txawm tias tsis ntau.
- Daim duab12: Hollow kev txhawb nqa.*
Arch binders
Hauv daim duab.13pom yog ib daim ntawv khi rau lub tsev khaws khoom ntsev hauv Netherlands. Qhov ntau npaum li cas54 m, qhov deb ntawm lub binder5,4 m. Lub prestress ua tiav los ntawm kev khoov cov laug cam uas yog glued tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm load-bearing ntawm tus qauv. Kev txo qis ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm inertia thiab lub sij hawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm rau cov seem yog tsis tsim nyog.
- Daim duab13: Arch binder rau lub tsev khaws khoom ntsev hauv Netherlands.*
Hauv daim duab.14lub teeb peb-jointed ncej txhawb los ntawm gluing yog qhia. Ribs yog ua los ntawm strips ntawm dav18 cmrau20 cm, tuab5 cm, uas, tom qab ziab, yog glued rau ib leeg thiab mus rau hauv qis thiab sab sauv siv nrog kaurit kua nplaum nrog ib tug daj txias hardening additive.
- Daim duab14: Lub teeb peb-jointed ncej txhawb nqa los ntawm gluing.*
Riveted arch fasteners, uas nws tav muaj ob txheej ntawm cov ntoo hla ntawm txoj cai kaum, uas ob peb ntsug planks muab tso rau raws li cov duab ntawm lub koov yog nailed li siv, yog heev yig. Nws muaj peev xwm siv cov ntoo tsis muaj zog thiab luv luv txawm tias qhov loj tshaj plaws.
4. Lattice fasteners
Niaj hnub nimno ntoo lattice kev tsim kho feem ntau yog muab piv rau cov kev tsim steel nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov duab thiab cov tshuab, txawm hais tias lawv tsis yog ib txwm muaj kev xav rau kev tsim ntoo. Cov ntoo tsim yog tsim kom muaj zog me ntsis raws li qhov ua tau tshwm sim hauv kev sib txuas sab. Cov kev ntxhov siab thib ob tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb uas lawv muaj hauv cov qauv hlau. Rods dominated los ntawm me me isles feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau kev cob cog rua centrally, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias constructive simplifications tiav. Lattice kev tsim kho yog kev lag luam ntau dua li kev txhawb nqa tag nrho, yog tias muaj qhov siab txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muab cov kws ntoo thiab cov khoom siv ua ntej ua haujlwm nyuaj dua.
Lower band ntawm beam fasteners feem ntau yog kab rov tav, piv txwv li thaum tailoring, nws tau txais ib qho overhang, uas yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws tsis khoov downwards nyob rau hauv tag nrho load. Tus nqi ntawm lub overhang nyob ntawm qhov txhais tau tias sab nraud, cov av noo ntawm lub tsev thiab qhov siab zoo li qub ntawm cov fasteners. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los muab me ntsis loj overhang dua me ntsis. Txoj siv sab sauv txuas feem ntau sib npaug rau lub ru tsev.
Thaum qhov me me dhau ntawm txoj kab nqes (hauv qab 6%) muaj qhov txaus ntshai uas, nrog rau qhov siab me me thiab cov yielding nodes, qhov kev poob qis yuav raug tsim nyob ze ntawm cov kabmob nrog nws qhov tsis zoo. Txoj kab nqes ntawm tus pas nrig zoo ntawm txoj siv sab saud ntawm lub txaj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua 1:3.
Parallel brackets
Lub npe nrov Howe tseem siv niaj hnub no (Fig.15). Cov kab pheeb ces kaum tau muab tso kom lawv tau txais siab ntawm tag nrho cov load, thaum lub ntsug yog tensioned. Verticals yog steel rods ntawm ncig seem nrog ceev ntawm ob sab (daim duab.15, yog). Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas lub bracket khoov downwards vim shrinkage ntawm ntoo los yog kev tsim kho tsis raug, cov txiv ntoo tuaj yeem nruj tom qab. Rau cov spans me me los yog nrog tsawg load, ntsug kuj tuaj yeem ua rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pliers (daim duab.15, sab laug). Kev tsim kho qhov siab pom zoo, zoo ib yam li kev txhawb nqa tag nrho, yuav tsum yog1/8rau1/12ntau yam; rau loj spans thiab hnyav loads, mus txog1/6.
- Daim duab15: Howe’s parallel beam.*
Ib-txoj kev ru tsev fasteners
Hauv daim duab.16thiab17ib leeg-xaim khi tshuab rau me me thiab nruab nrab spans thiab rau lub teeb loads yog nthuav tawm.
- Cov duab16-20: Ib-xaim thiab daim duab peb sab ru tsev khi tshuab.*
- Daim duab21: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lattice binder.*
Daim duab peb sab binders
Triangular fasteners (daim duab 18 rau 22) rau cov me me thiab nruab nrab spans sawv cev rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws thiab dav siv ntoo. Txoj siv loj tshaj plaws tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev ncua, tab sis ntawm kev txhawb nqa. Txij li thaum cov pas nrig tau sau, txawm tias muaj asymmetric load, tsuas yog qhov nro tshwm sim, piv txwv li, tsis muaj qhov sib hloov voltages, nws yooj yim heev rau kev tsim cov pob caus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntoo tsim. Hauv daim duab. 22 qhia cov ntaub ntawv rau lub nroog hauv Holzminden. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm spans loj, daim duab peb sab fasteners nrog tsa eaves yog ua (daim duab. 23).
Images 22 thiab 23: Daim duab peb sab rau lub nroog thiab cov ntawv khi nrog cov eaves.
Mansard fasteners
Mansard fasteners (daim duab 24 mus rau 26) rau spans ntawm 15 m mus rau 35 m tau ua pov thawj tias kev lag luam zoo heev. Rau qhov system siab, 1/8 txog 1/6 ntau yam raug pom zoo. Rau kev npog, cov hauv qab no suav nrog: corrugated nplooj ntawv ntawm asbestos fibers, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv vov tsev. Yam tsawg kawg 6% yuav tsum tau saws rau txoj kab nqes ntawm me ntsis inclined ib feem ntawm lub ru tsev. Hauv daim duab. 26 qhia cov kab ntawv txuas rau M ** ünc ** hen-Ost cov nroj tsuag ua haujlwm, nrog rau ob peb qhov tseem ceeb - Kübler system. Qhov ntev yog 26,5 m, thiab qhov nrawm nrawm yog 7 m.
Duab 24 thiab 25: Mansard fasteners.
Daim duab 26: Kab kab thiab kab ntawm mansard khi rau Munich-Ost cog.
Parabolic thiab arc fasteners
Rau cov ru tsev uas muaj qhov hnyav ntawm tus kheej thiab qhov me me, piv txwv li cov chaw me me raug cua nrog kwv yees li qhov sib npaug ntawm cov daus daus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kho cov duab ntawm cov fasteners rau txoj kab kev txhawb nqa. Lub infill rods ntawm parabolic ties tsis tau txais ib tug quab yuam thaum lub load yog tusyees faib. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog kom tau txais qhov tsis sib xws hauv qhov hnyav thiab tiv thaiv txoj siv sia los ntawm buckling hauv lub dav hlau ntawm cov fasteners. Filler rods yuav tsum tau khi kom lawv tuaj yeem ua kom nruj thiab siab. Lub ntug sab saud yog zoo li tus koov los ntawm sawing (daim duab. 27). Hauv daim duab. 28 qhia cov kab kab ke thiab peb tus yam ntxwv binder nodes.
Duab 27: Parabolic fastener nrog arched saum ntug.
Daim duab 28: Cov kab ke thiab cov yam ntxwv binder nodes.
Yog hais tias, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm loj heev spans, tsuas yog lub ru tsev npog kev them nyiaj yug yog siv raws li ib tug lattice yug (Fig.29) tom qab ntawd txoj siv qis ntawm daim duab, uas tau txais lub siab, yuav tsum tau so ntawm lub corneas nrog studs. Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kab nqes rau npog lub ru tsev, tsis yog-terrated cardboard los rau hauv kev xav. Nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho kev nqes hav ntawm lub ru tsev, nrog rau cov rafters uas tau so saum lub eaves thiab ridge, los yog nrog ib tug eaves phab ntsa, piv txwv li los ntawm kev txhim kho lub ru tsev gable nrog maj mam txoj kab nqes li sai tau.
Ob leeg sib koom ua ke thiab peb txoj kev sib koom ua ke
Ob-jointed thav duab tau nthuav tawm hauv daim duab.30thiab31. Ua cov pob txha nruj ntawm cov ces kaum tsim qee qhov teeb meem, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim kov yeej los ntawm kev siv cov pob caus nrog cov khoom siv dag zog. Alternating voltages tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub muab tub lim rods, ua rau cov knots tsis yooj yim rau tsim. Hauv daim duab.32ib daim phiaj ob-kos duab sib koom rau ib lub nkoj vaj tse tau qhia (qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev sib txuas yog5,6 m). Hauv daim duab.33ib tug peb-jointed binder yog nthuav. Cov pob qij txha tiag tiag feem ntau tawm ntawm cov lus nug; tsuas yog qee qhov kev txav chaw txaus. Peb-jointed fasteners feem ntau yog siv rau qhov loj thiab loj tshaj plaws spans, vim hais tias lawv yog kev lag luam rau lub hom phiaj no thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav technically zoo.
- Cov duab29thiab30: Lattice txhawb rau lub ru tsev npog thiab ob-jointed ncej.*
- Cov duab31thiab33: Ob-kos ncej thiab peb-jointed binder.*
Image 32: Ob-kos lattice thav duab rau lub nkoj vaj tse.
Multi-nave halls
Hauv daim duab. 34, 35 thiab 36 tau pom tias yog cov tswv yim ntawm ntau chav dej. Hauv daim duab. 36 tau nthuav tawm raws li kev khi ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub koom txoos hu nkauj hauv Vienna. Rau kev tsim kho cov kev sib txuas, cov nplhaib rods tau siv.
- Cov duab 34 thiab 35: Cov tswv yim zoo ntawm ntau chav dej.*
Duab 36: Binder ntawm lub ceremonial Hall ntawm lub koom haum hu nkauj nyob rau hauv Vienna.
5. Towers, scaffolding thiab tribunes
Ntoo raws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev los rau hauv kev txiav txim siab rau kev tsim cov yees rau kev soj ntsuam thiab kev pom, lub tsev teev ntuj yees, nrog rau cov yees rau cov nroj tsuag. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tsev mus tas li yog feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm clamping cov kab rau hauv lub hauv paus. Cov khoom siv rau lub hom phiaj ib ntus yog feem ntau ruaj ntseg los ntawm kev khi nrog cov hlua hlau ncab nyob rau hauv tsawg kawg yog peb cov lus qhia. Lub hauv paus feem ntau yog square lossis rectangular. Daim duab peb sab hauv paus tuaj yeem yog kev lag luam. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj dej los yog av sau rau hauv cov kab ntawm cov yees uas tsis muaj cladding thiab huab cua tuaj yeem ncig txhua qhov chaw. Rau cov khoom mus tas li, tsuas yog cov ntoo impregnated yuav tsum tau siv. Impregnation ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj nkaus xwb yog tias nws tau ua tom qab txiav cov khoom, tab sis ua ntej sib dhos. Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov ntoo puag ncig rau cov ncej, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias kev sib txuas yog qhov nyuaj dua.
Duab 37: Ntoo tribune hauv Leipzig.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntoo yog siv tau rau kev tsim kho ntawm scaffolding thiab tribunes. Hauv daim duab. 37 qhia ib tus neeg saib xyuas hauv Leipzig. Rau sab nraud txhais tau tias, toothed nplhaib alligator hlwb tau siv. Yog tias cov chaw ua haujlwm tsuas yog ua haujlwm ib ntus xwb, lawv yuav tsis raug them. Txawm li cas los xij, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov tsim tau ua tiav nrog kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov ntawd, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov tsim nyog longitudinal thiab transverse stiffeners tau muab tso rau. Txhawm rau kom cov khoom siv rov qab siv dua tom qab dismantling, cov nodes yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg li sai tau.
6. Bridges
Rau kev tsim cov choj, ntoo, ntxiv rau pob zeb, yav tas los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hais txog qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom, kev sib raug zoo tau hloov pauv loj. Vim yog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm lub qag siab thiab cov khoom hnyav, qhov kev tsim kho no yuav luag tag rau cov qauv ntoo. Cov choj ntoo tsis tau siv niaj hnub no, tab sis cov ntawv hauv qab no yuav piav qhia tias lawv tau tsim thiab siv yav dhau los li cas.
Rau cov txuas hniav, tsuas yog cov ntoo ntawm chav kawm zoo II lossis kuv yuav raug siv; thaum txhim kho, ntoo yuav tsum yog yam tsawg kawg ib nrab qhuav, thiab nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib txoj kev uas nws tuaj yeem qhuav ntxiv. Rau lub hom phiaj no, impregnation thiab tiv thaiv txheej, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau siv tom qab ua thiab ua ntej mounting, tsis txaus los ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Cov ntsia hlau txuas tau tso cai rau cov txuas hniav yog tias cov dej noo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov ntoo txuas nrog cov ntsia hlau yog tias ua li no cov ntsia hlau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tsis ua haujlwm vim xeb. Glued kev sib txuas tsuas yog tso cai yog siv cov kua nplaum nplaum, uas tiv taus cov dej noo tag.
Daim duab 38: Hla ntu ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm pavement ntawm tus choj ib ntus hla Weser hauv Höxter.
Rau cov txuas hniav ib ntus, cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke feem ntau tau siv, rau cov kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau I-profiles tau siv, thaum lwm qhov ntawm cov khoom siv sab saud thiab sab qis yog ntoo. Hauv daim duab. 38 qhia txog ntu ntu ntawm txoj kev taug kev ntawm tus choj ib ntus hla Weser hauv Höxter. Cov choj tuaj yeem yog yam tsis muaj qhov ntev ntev, thiab qee zaum tsis muaj cov kab hla hla, uas nyob ntawm hom choj thiab nws lub hom phiaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub pavement rests ncaj qha rau ntawm lub ntsiab kev txhawb nqa. Ntau ntawm cov choj no tau tsim los rau cov neeg taug kev. Hauv daim duab. 39 tus choj tiv thaiv hauv qab lub tsheb cable tau qhia.
- Daim duab39: Kev tiv thaiv tus choj hauv qab lub tsheb cable.*
Cov ncauj lus ntsig txog
Saib ntxiv txog cov khoom ntawm nplooj ntawv Materials, thiab hais txog txoj hauv kev uas lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm ntawm nplooj ntawv Production. Rau kev siv ntoo hauv kev sib koom ua ke, saib ntoo qhov rais thiab wood-aluminium Qhov rais.