Kwimithwalo ephezulu kunye ne-spans, amacandelo e-boam afunyanwa ngokubala, okunzima ukuyifumana kubude obufunekayo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umntu kufuneka atshintshele kwizakhiwo ezinzima. Ulwakhiwo oluchazwe phantsi kwe-1 kunye no-2 yimisebenzi yezandla ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokudibanisa zanamhlanje zifanelekile.
1. umqadi oqhagamshelwe ngemiqadi
Imiqadi emibini ngexesha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imiqadi emithathu ngexesha xa kusenziwa iibhulorho, ibekwe phezu komnye ize idityaniswe ngokudibeneyo ngeedowels kunye nezikrufu. Ingakanani i-cross-section enjalo iya kufezekisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wecandelo elipheleleyo elihambelanayo lixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, iqondo lokufuma kwezinto kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi. Oku akusoze kube njalo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokomgangatho we-DIN, umzuzu wokuchasa kwiiplanga ezimbini ngu W=0,85bh__2/6_, kwaye kwimiqadi emithathu ilingana ne W=0,7bh__2/6._ Kwiibhulorho, ezi coefficients zincitshiswe ukuya0,8, yiyo i0,6. Xa ubala ukutenxa, cinga ukuba umzuzu we-inertia kwimiqadi emibini ngu-I=0,6bh__3/12_, kunye nemiqadi emithathu I=0,3bh__3/12._ Izikrufu, kwimeko yokuncipha komthi, kufuneka ziqiniswe kumlinganiselo ofanelekileyo.
Umfanekiso 1: Umqadi odityaniswe ngamaplanga, osetyenziswa njengesakhelo kulwakhiwo lwe-mezzanine.
Kwiindawo zokufa komchweli ezixande, ezihlala zenziwe ngomthi wom-oki, obona bunzulu bufanelekileyo bokusikwa.1/8ukuya1/10ukuphakama kwemiqadi yomntu; imicu ye-medulla kunye neentsinga zemiqadi kufuneka zihambe kwicala elinye.
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukugobela ezantsi, imiqadi enobuchopho inikwa i-overhang okanye utolo ukuya embindini wesithuba esiphambi kodibaniso lokugqibela. Imiqadi idityaniswe omnye komnye nge-screws, kwaye i-grooving ye-sockets yenziwa kwisigaba esinye sokusebenza kunye nomatshini wokugaya i-chain grooving. Kumkhiwane. 1 ibonisa umqadi oneentsimbi ezisetyenziselwa isakhelo kulwakhiwo lwe-mezzanine. Imiqadi enezintsimbi zentsimbi yenziwe ukuya kuthi ga kuluhlu 15 m.
Iintsimbi ezinobuchopho kufuneka zisetyenziswe kuphela ngokukodwa, kuba zonke iintlobo, ngaphezu komthamo ophantsi wokuthwala umthwalo, zifuna umsebenzi omningi kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhulu kwezinto. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuguqulwa okubangelwa ngumthwalo kuncinci kunokwenzeka.
2. Ihanger, inkxaso kunye ne-hanger exhaswayo
Kwimeko apho i-cross-section ye-boam ayinakwanela, kwaye kukho indawo eyaneleyo kwindiza yayo kwicala elingaphantsi okanye eliphezulu (umzekelo, kwizitulo eziphahleni, iibhuloho, i-scaffolding, njl.), kukho ithuba lokubeka i-hanger, okanye. inkxaso okanye umdibaniso we-hanger kunye nenkxaso. Ukuqwalasela inani lamanqaku apho ukunqunyanyiswa okanye inkxaso iqhutyelwa khona, kukho simple kunye double hangers, okanye simple kunye inkxaso ephindwe kabini. Xa kubalwa i-hanger elula (fig. 2), ithathwa ngokuba_zombini zibekwe _zombini i-_columar isiqingatha sesithuba kwaye zidluliselwe kwiibheringi ngesiqingatha somthwalo othi, njengoko usasazwe ngokulinganayo, usebenza kwi-horizontal tension. Kwifig. 3 ibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokuthe nkqo kunye noxinzelelo. Kumkhiwane. 4 ibonisa i-hanger ephindwe kabini emele isakhiwo sophahla esixhasayo (isiqingatha sasekhohlo: uphahla oluneetrasi, isiqingatha sasekunene: uphahla oluneekona).
Imifanekiso 2–5: I-hanger elula nephindwe kabini, uqhagamshelo oluthe nkqo kunye noxinzelelo kunye neqhina le-purlin, ikholamu kunye ne-crossbar.
Intonga ethe tyaba phakathi kwee-verticals ezimbini ibizwa ngokuba ngu-crossbar. Kwifig. 5 ibonisa indawo apho i-crossbar, ikholamu kunye ne-crossbar idibana khona; kwimeko yemithwalo enzima, i-nodal sheet ibekwe. Kwinkxaso, ulwakhiwo oluxhasayo lubekwe phantsi komqadi oxhaswa kwinqanaba elinye (umzobo 6) okanye amanqaku amabini (umzobo 7). Kule meko, icandelo elithe tye (i-thrust) kufuneka lifunyenwe yinkxaso. Ukwandisa uxinzelelo, i-alternator emfanekisweni 7 ixhunywe kuyo ngamantongomane kunye neebholiti. Umfanekiso 8 ubonisa ihanger exhaswayo, emele indibaniselwano phakathi kwehanger kunye nenkxaso. Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ukusika ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, ukuxhatshazwa kufuneka kube kabini.
Imifanekiso 6–8: Inqaku elinye nezimbini zenkxaso kunye nehanger exhaswayo.
3. Izibopheleli ezigcweleyo
Iifasteners zeBeam
Iiplanga eziqinileyo, ezihlanjululwe emva kwee-I-sections zezakhiwo zetsimbi, zivela ngendlela yeeplanga ezidityaniswe neentonga, ezixutywe okanye ezixutywe ngezikhonkwane. Umda ophezulu woluhlu ngu 15 m. Ngokumalunga nokuphakama kwesakhiwo, okufana nokwakhiwa kwensimbi, kufuneka kube kuluhlu lwe-1/8 ukuya ku-1/12. Ifom elula kakhulu yembambo imelwe yi-talpa ebekwe ngokuthe nkqo, exhunywe ngamabholiti kunye nezikrufu ezinamabhande (umkhiwane 9). Ukuqiniswa kwee-verticals, ezenziwe ngamaplanga e-scrap kwaye abekwe phakathi kwamabhanti, kufuneka kugwenywe ezi zixhaso, kuba zithintela ukunciphisa ukuphakama xa ukhuni luyancipha, kwaye lunokubangela ukukrazula iimbambo.
Umfanekiso 9: Eyona milo yembambo ilula yeqhina lomqadi eliqinileyo.
Kumkhiwane.10i-span elula iyaboniswa14,04 m. Amacandelo kwiimbambo ahlanganiswe ngamaqhekeza e-plywood. Iimbambo ziqiniselwe ngezinto eziqinileyo ezenziwe ngemiqadi ekhutshiweyo ngokuchasene nokudumba. Uxinzelelo olufunekayo xa udibanisa izinto zinikezelwa ngezikrufu ezisele zisele kwisakhiwo emva kokuba iglue iqiniswe ukuze ikhuseleke. Ubambo lunemigangatho emibini yeebhodi, ezityebileyo24-40 mm, ezinqamlezayo kwaye zibethelelwe omnye komnye. Ukwenza udibaniso kunye nezinto ezininzi, iidowels kunye nezikrufu, okanye izikhonkwane, zisetyenziswa. Kwimeko apho amabhanti aqulunqwe ngamaplanga amaninzi, ukufuduka kwawo ukuya kwimbambo kuyenyuka ukuba amaplanga akude kude nombambo. Ibhanti elicinezelweyo kufuneka livavanyelwe ukubopha. Kumkhiwane.11umzekelo ngokwemigangatho yaseRashiya ubonisiwe.
*Umfanekiso10: I-beam elula ye-span14,04 m.
*Umfanekiso11: Umzekelo wokudibanisa umqadi ngokwemigangatho yaseRashiya.
Ukuqina okuncinci kuboniswa iinkxaso ezihollow (fig.12). Ibhanti ephezulu kunye nezantsi nganye yenza i-beam enye ekhutshiweyo, enokuthi inikwe ngokulula i-overhang efunekayo. Kuluncedo ukufaka i-inclined element ecinezelekileyo kufuphi nebhedi, ehlala ngokubhekiselele kwibhanti ephantsi kunye nephezulu kunye nenotshi; kwandisa ukuqina komqadi, nangona kungekho kakhulu.
Umfanekiso12: Inkxaso engenanto.
Izibophelelo zeArch
Kumkhiwane.13kubonisiwe sisibophelelo sendawo yokugcina ityuwa eNetherlands. Izixa zoluhlu54 m, umgama we-binder5,4 m. I-prestress ephunyeziweyo ngokuguqa iibhodi ezifakwe kwi-glue ayinayo impembelelo ebonakalayo kumthamo womthwalo wesakhiwo. Ukunciphisa umzuzu we-inertia kunye nomzuzu wokuchasana kumacandelo adibeneyo ayimfuneko.
*Umfanekiso13: IArch binder yendawo yokugcina ityuwa eNetherlands.
Kumkhiwane.14ukukhanya okudityanisiweyo kwenkxaso yesakhelo esenziwe ngokuncamathelisa kubonisiwe. Iimbambo zenziwe ngemicu yobubanzi18 cmukuya20 cm, ubukhulu5 cm, leyo, emva kokumisa, idityaniswe omnye komnye kunye nebhanti ephantsi kunye nephezulu kunye neglue ye-kaurit kunye ne-yellow cold adding additive.
*Umfanekiso14: Ukukhanya okudityanisiweyo kwenkxaso yesakhelo esenziwe ngokuncamathelisa.
Ii-arch fasteners, ezimbambo zazo zinemigangatho emibini yeeplanga ezinqamlezileyo kwii-engile ezichanekileyo, apho iiplanga ezininzi ezithe nkqo ezibekwe ngokwemilo ye-arch zibethelelwe njengamabhanti, zinoqoqosho kakhulu. Kukho ithuba lokusebenzisa amaplanga abuthathaka kwaye amafutshane nakwezona ndawo zininzi.
4. Iziqhoboshi zeLattice
Ulwakhiwo lwangoku lwelathisi lwamaplanga lufaniswa kakhulu nolwakhiwo lwentsimbi ngokwemilo kunye neenkqubo, nangona azisoloko zinengqiqo kulwakhiwo lwamaplanga. Izakhiwo zokhuni ziyilwe ukwenzela ukuba amandla amancinci anokwenzeka enzeke kwiidibaniso zecala. Uxinzelelo lwesibini alunabalulekanga abanalo kwizakhiwo zetsimbi. Iinduku ezilawulwa ziziqithi ezincinci zihlala zingadingeki ukuba zidityaniswe kwindawo esembindini, ngakumbi ukuba ukwenziwa lula okwakhayo kuyenziwa. Ulwakhiwo lweLattice lunoqoqosho ngakumbi kunenkxaso epheleleyo, ukuba kukho ukuphakama okwaneleyo kwesakhiwo. Noko ke, babeka umchweli nezinto eziphathekayo phambi kwemisebenzi enzima ngakumbi.
Ibhendi ephantsi yezibophelelo ze-boam ubukhulu becala i-horizontal, oko kukuthi ngexesha lokuthunga, ifumana i-overhang ethile, elinganiswa ngendlela yokuba ingagobi phantsi phantsi komthwalo opheleleyo. Ixabiso le-overhang lixhomekeke kwiindlela zangaphandle, umswakama wesakhiwo kunye nokuphakama kwe-static of fasteners. Kungcono ukunika i-overhang enkulu kancinane kunencinci kakhulu. Ibhanti ephezulu iyona kakhulu ingqamene nesigqubuthelo sophahla.
Kwimeko ye-slope encinci (ngezantsi 6%) kukho ingozi yokuba, kunye nokuphakama kwesakhiwo esincinci kunye neenode ezinikezelayo, ukuwa okuchaseneyo kuya kudalwa kufuphi nokuthwala kunye nemiphumo emibi. Ukuthambeka kwentonga esebenza ngokwestatiki yebhanti ephezulu ebhedini kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kwe 1:3.
Izibiyeli ezinxuseneyo
IiHowe ezidumileyo zisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje (Fig.15). I-diagonals ibekwe ukwenzela ukuba bafumane uxinzelelo kumthwalo opheleleyo, ngelixa i-verticals igxininiswe. Ezithe nkqo ziintonga zentsimbi zecandelo lesetyhula elinamandongomane kumacala omabini (umkhiwane.15, kunene). Kwimeko apho i-bracket igobela phantsi ngenxa yokunciphisa umthi okanye ukwakhiwa okungalunganga, amantongomane angaqiniswa emva koko. Kwiindawo ezincinci okanye ezinomthwalo omncinci, ii-verticals zinokwenziwa ngendlela yeepliers (fig.15, khohlo). Ukuphakama kokwakhiwa kunconywa, kufana neenkxaso ezipheleleyo, ukuba zibe1/8ukuya1/12uluhlu kwizipani ezinkulu kunye nemithwalo enzima, ukuya kuthi ga1/6.
*Umfanekiso15: Umqadi ohambelanayo kaHowe.
Iziqhoboshi zophahla zendlela enye
Kumkhiwane.16kwaye17Iinkqubo zokubopha ngocingo olunye kwiispans ezincinci kunye neziphakathi kunye nemithwalo ekhanyayo iyaboniswa.
*Imifanekiso16-20: Iinkqubo zokubopha uphahla ngocingo olunye kunye nonxantathu.
*Umfanekiso21: Iinkcukacha ze-lattice binder.
Izibophelelo ezinxantathu
Izibophelelo ezinxantathu (umkhiwane.18ukuya22) kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neziphakathi zimele ezona zinto zinoqoqosho kunye nezibophelelo ezixhaphakileyo zolwakhiwo lwamaplanga. Amandla amakhulu ebhanti ayenzeki phakathi kwesithuba, kodwa kwiinkxaso. Ekubeni iintonga zizaliswe, kunye nomthwalo we-asymmetric, ukuxhatshazwa kuphela kwenzeka, oko kukuthi, uxinzelelo, ngaphandle kokutshintshisana kwee-voltages, kwenza kube lula ukuveliswa kwamaqhina, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo zokhuni. Kumkhiwane.22isidibanisi seholo yedolophu eHolzminden sibonisiwe. Kwimeko ye-spans enkulu, izibophelelo ezinxantathu ezine-eaves eziphakanyisiweyo zenziwe (umkhiwane.23).
*Imifanekiso22kwaye23: Isibophelelo esingunxantathu seholo yedolophu kunye nesibophelelo esinemisonto ephakanyisiweyo.
iziqhoboshi zeMansard
Izibophelelo zeMansard (umkhiwane.24ukuya26) kuluhlu lwe15 mukuya35 mbangqineka benoqoqosho kakhulu. Ziyacetyiswa ngobude benkqubo1/8ukuya1/6uluhlu. Ukugubungela, oku kulandelayo kuqwalaselwa: amacwecwe e-corrugated of asbestos fibers, kunye namaphepha ophahla. Kwithambeka lenxalenye ethambekele kancinci yophahla, ubuncinci kufuneka bamkelwe apha ngokunjalo6%. Kumkhiwane.26umgca wenkqubo yezibophelelo zeMünchen-Ost izityalo zokusebenza zibonisiwe, kunye neendawo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo - inkqubo yeKübler. Izixa zoluhlu26,5 m, kunye nomgama we-binder7 m.
*Imifanekiso24kwaye25: Izibophelelo zaseMansard.
*Umfanekiso26: Umgca wenkqubo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ze-mansard tie yesityalo saseMünchen-Ost.
Parabolic kunye neziqhoboshi zearc
Kuphahla olunobunzima obukhulu kunye ne-slope encinci, oko kukuthi iindawo ezincinci ezivezwe emoyeni kunye nomthwalo wekhephu osasazwa ngokulinganayo, kunengqiqo ukulungelelanisa imilo ye-fasteners kumgca wokuxhasa. Iintsimbi zokuzalisa izibophelelo zeparabolic azifumani nayiphi na imikhosi xa umthwalo usasazwa ngokulinganayo. Umsebenzi wabo kukufumana ukungalingani okungahleliwe kumthwalo kunye nokuthintela ibhanti eliphezulu ukuba lingabikho kwi-plane ye-fasteners. Iintsimbi zokuzalisa kufuneka zibotshwe ukuze zikwazi ukuthatha uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo. Umphetho ophezulu ufakwe kwi-arch ngokusaha (umkhiwane 27). Kumkhiwane. 28 ibonisa umgca wenkqubo kunye neempawu ezintathu ze-binder nodes.
Umfanekiso 27: Isiqhoboshi seParabolic esinomphetho obotshelelweyo ophezulu.
Umzobo 28: Umgca wenkqubo kunye neempawu zokubopha iindawo.
Ukuba, kwimeko ye-spans enkulu kakhulu, kuphela inkxaso yokugubungela uphahla isetyenziswe njengenkxaso ye-lattice (Fig.29) ke ibhanti elingaphantsi lomzobo, elifumana uxinzelelo, kufuneka liphumle kwi-corneas ngee-studs. Ngenxa ye-slope eguquguqukayo yokugubungela uphahla, i-cardboard engekho-terrated iza kuqwalaselwa. Kukho ithuba lokudala i-slope eluphahleni, mhlawumbi ngamaplanga aphakanyisiweyo ahlala phezu kwe-eves kunye ne-ridge, okanye ngodonga lwe-eve, okt ngokufakela uphahla lwegable kunye nethambeka elithambileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Izibophelelo ezidityanisiweyo-ezimbini kunye nezithathu ezidityanisiweyo
Izakhelo ezidityanisiweyo ezimbini zibonakaliswe kumkhiwane.30kwaye31. Ukwenza amaqhina aqinileyo kwiikona kudala ubunzima obuthile, obunokoyiswa ngokulula ngokusebenzisa iipleyiti zeqhina ezincanyathiselwe ngentlaka eyenziweyo. Ukutshintshana kombane kwenzeka kwiintonga zokuzalisa, okwenza amaqhina angabi lula ukuwakha. Kumkhiwane.32isakhelo segridi esidityaniswe-mbini sekhusi esinye siyaboniswa (umgama ophakathi kwezibophelelo ngu5,6 m). Kumkhiwane.33isidibanisi esidityaniswe-ntathu sinikezelwe. Amalungu okwenene amaninzi angaphandle kombuzo; kuphela ukushukuma okuthile kwanele. Iifasteners ezidibeneyo ezintathu zisetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala kunye nezikhululo ezinkulu, kuba zinoqoqosho kule njongo kwaye zinokucutshungulwa kakuhle.
*Imifanekiso29kwaye30: Inkxaso ye-Lattice yokugubungela uphahla kunye nefreyimu edibeneyo ezimbini.
*Imifanekiso31kwaye33: Isakhelo esidityanisiweyo ezibini kunye nesibophelelo esidityaniswe kathathu.
Umfanekiso 32: Isakhelo selathisi esidityanisiweyo ezibini kwindawo yokufihla isikhephe.
Iiholo ze-multi-nave
Kumkhiwane. 34, 35 kunye 36 ziboniswa njengeentlobo eziphathekayo zeeholo ze-multi-nave. Kumkhiwane. 36 inikwe njengomdibanisi weholo yomsitho woluntu oluculayo eVienna. Ukwakhiwa koqhagamshelo, iintonga zamakhonkco zisetyenzisiwe.
Imifanekiso 34 kunye 35: Iindidi ezisebenzayo zeeholo ezine-nave ezininzi.
Umfanekiso 36: Isibophelelo seholo yomsitho woluntu oluculayo eVienna.
5. Iinqaba, isikafula kunye nenkundla
Iinkuni njengezinto zokwakha zithathelwa ingqalelo ekwakhiweni kweenqaba zokujonga kunye nembonakalo, iinqaba zecawa, kunye neenqaba zezityalo zemizi-mveliso. Ukuzinza kwezakhiwo ezisisigxina kuninzi kufezwa ngokucinezela iintsika kwiziseko. Izinto ezijoliswe kwiinjongo zexeshana zihlala zikhuselekile ngokubotshwa ngeentambo zentsimbi ezolulelwe ubuncinane kwiindlela ezintathu. Isiseko sisininzi sisikwere okanye uxande. Iziseko ezinxantathu zinokuthi ekugqibeleni zibe noqoqosho. Ukunyamekela ngokukodwa kufuneka kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho manzi okanye ukungcola kuqokelelwa kwiindawo zeenqaba ezingenayo i-cladding kwaye umoya unokujikeleza kuzo zonke iindawo. Kwizinto ezisisigxina, kuphela iinkuni ezifakwe ngaphakathi kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Impregnation ifezekisa ngokupheleleyo injongo yayo kuphela xa isenziwa emva kokusika izinto eziphathekayo, kodwa ngaphambi kokuhlanganisana. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iinkuni ezijikelezayo kwiintsika, nangona ukuba ukwenza ukudibanisa kunzima kakhulu.
Umfanekiso 37: Umthetheli womthi eLeipzig.
Ukwengeza, amaplanga asetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kulwakhiwo lwesikafula kunye neenkundla. Kumkhiwane. 37 ibonisa iqonga elinye eLeipzig. Kwiindlela zangaphandle, iingqondo zengwenya enamazinyo zisetyenzisiwe. Ukuba izitendi zenzelwe iinjongo zexeshana kuphela, azikhuselwa. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwenziwa ngononophelo olukhulu kwaye, okokuqala, ii-longitudinal eziyimfuneko kunye ne-transverse stiffeners zibekwe. Ukuze izinto ziphinde zisetyenziswe emva kokuchithwa, iindawo zokuhlala kufuneka zakhiwe ukuze umonakalo ube mncinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
6. Iibhulorho
Ukwakhiwa kweebhuloho, iinkuni, ngaphezu kwelitye, ngaphambili wadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngokumalunga nokuqina kwento, ubudlelwane butshintshe kakhulu. Ngenxa yokunyuka rhoqo koxinzelelo lwe-axle kunye nemithwalo eguqukayo, le ndawo yokwakha iphantse yalahleka ngokupheleleyo kwizakhiwo zokhuni. Iibhulorho ezenziwe ngamaplanga azisetyenziswa namhlanje, kodwa isicatshulwa esilandelayo siya kuchaza indlela eyakhiwa ngayo kwaye yasetyenziswa ngayo ngaphambili.
Ukwenzela iibhulorho, kuphela ngamaplanga omgangatho weklasi II okanye mna angasetyenziswa; xa ufaka, ukhuni kufuneka lube luncinci, kwaye kufuneka lufakwe ngendlela enokuthi yome ngakumbi. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukufakwa kunye neengubo zokukhusela, kule meko kufuneka zisetyenziswe emva kokulungiswa nangaphambi kokunyuka, azikwanelanga ngokwazo.
Ukudityaniswa kwezikhonkwane kuvunyelwe kwiibhulorho ukuba ukufuma kunokuthintelwa ekungeneni phakathi kwezinto zokhuni ezidityaniswe zizikhonkwane ukuba ngale ndlela izikhonkwane zinokukhuselwa ekungaphumelelini ngenxa yokurusa. Ukudityaniswa kweglue kuvunyelwe kuphela ukuba kusetyenziswe iglue eyenziweyo yeresin, echasene ngokupheleleyo nokufuma.
Umzobo 38: Icandelo elinqumlayo lebhodi yabahambi ngeenyawo kwibhulorho yethutyana phezu kwe-Weser eHöxter.
Iibhuloho zexeshana, iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zezakhiwo zazisetyenziswa kakhulu, kwiinkxaso eziphambili zentsimbi ye-I-profiles zisetyenzisiweyo, ngelixa ezinye iindawo zoomatshini abaphezulu nabangaphantsi benziwe ngamaplanga. Kumkhiwane. 38 ibonisa indawo enqamlezileyo yendlela yabahambi ngeenyawo yebhulorho yethutyana phezu kweWeser eHöxter. Iibhulorho zinokuthi zibe ngaphandle kweebhanti ze-longitudinal, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zingenazo iibhontshisi ezinqamlezayo, ezixhomekeke kuhlobo lwebhulorho kunye nenjongo yayo. Kwimeko enjalo, i-pavement ixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkxaso eziphambili. Uninzi lwezi bhulorho zenzelwe abahambi ngeenyawo. Kumkhiwane. 39 ibhulorho ekhuselayo phantsi kwemoto yentambo ibonisiwe.
Umfanekiso39: Ibhulorho ekhuselayo phantsi kwemoto yentambo.
Izihloko ezinxulumeneyo
Bona ngakumbi malunga nezinto ezikwiphepha Izinto, kwaye malunga nendlela inkampani esebenza ngayo kwiphepha loMveliso. Ukusetyenziswa komthi kwindawo yokudibanisa, bona iifestile zamaplanga kunye iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam.