Imishini yokumba nokujulisa izinkuni

Isexwayiso Esibalulekile: Lona umbhalo wengobo yomlando womlando, hhayi umshini wamanje ocaciswayo, ukuhlola ubungozi noma imanuwali yokumba kanye nokuphikisa. Amamodeli, ubukhulu, isivinini, amafomula, amathuluzi, ukujula kokucubungula, imihlahlandlela kanye nezinqubo kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuya ngemithetho esebenzayo, imibhalo yomkhiqizi kanye nemithetho ephephile yokusebenza.

Lo mbhalo awukona ukunikezwa kwemishini, amathuluzi noma imibhalo yesevisi ye-Savo Kusić. Okunikezwayo kwamanje kugxile kumafasitela, iminyango nezixazululo ezihambisanayo.

Izinhlobo zemishini yokumba kanye nenesicefe

Imishini yokumba (imishini yokubhoboza) neyokucwilisa isetshenziselwa ukubhoboza izimbobo eziyindilinga, ezidlula okokusebenza yonke indlela, noma ngokwezinga elithile kuphela, ukwenza amapulaki nemisele ezintweni ezihlanganisiwe neziqhubekayo.
Ama-Drills ahlukaniswe: ngokuya ngokuma kwama-spindles asebenzayo abe mpo futhi avundlile; ngokwenani lama-spindles - i-spindle eyodwa, i-spindle emithathu kanye ne-multi-spindle; ngohlobo lomnyakazo —  kuma-drill anomnyakazo owenziwe ngesandla nowemishini.
Imishini yokumba ihlukaniswe yaba izimbobo zamaketango kanye nezimbobo ze-auger; ngenani lama-spindles - i-spindle eyodwa kanye ne-multi-spindle; ngokohlobo lokunyakaza - emishinini enokunyakaza okwenziwa ngesandla nokwemishini. Ama-spindles asebenzayo anethuluzi lokumba athola ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kusuka ku-shaft yenjini kagesi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ngabasiki beketango abane-spindle eyodwa, i-chain cutter iya ngasesakhiweni esizokwenziwa ngomshini. Ngemishini enama-spindle amaningi, ithebula elinezakhi ezizocutshungulwa liya ethuluzini eliyisicefe. 

Imishini yokumba nokujula ngokunyakaziswa komshini ngokuvamile inezivinini zokusebenza ezimbili okungenani kanye neyodwa eyejubane lokungenzi lutho. Endabeni yemishini yokubhoboza kanye ne-countersinking, ithuluzi lokucubungula liyimbobo engenalutho ejikelezayo futhi igxilwe kusibambi ku-shaft yemoto kagesi. Lokhu kwakhiwa kwe-drill kwenza kube lula ukwenza izimbobo zobukhulu obuncane.

Izici zobuchwepheshe

Etafuleni1izici zobuchwepheshe zezinhlobo eziyisisekelo zokubhoboza kanye nemishini eyisicefe zinikezwa.

Emsebenzini ongokoqobo wezinkampani zemboni yezokwakha wokucubungula izinkuni, uhlobo lokubhoboza lwembobo emide oluvundlile oluthi SVGD-3 (fig. 1) lusetshenziswa kakhulu, lapho kungabholwa khona izimbobo eziyindilinga futhi kwenziwe nemisele ehlukahlukene. Izimbobo zamafindo ezicini zeminyango namafasitela (fig. 2), imishini yokugaya iketango elilodwa elinophimbo olunokunyakaza okwenziwa ngesandla noma komshini (ifig. 3) nayo isetshenziswa kakhulu. Lo mshini ungenza izimbobo ezinobubanzi obusuka kokuthi 6 kuye kokuthi 30 mm, ukujula kufika ku-175 mm. Ithebula lomshini lingahamba liqonde futhi liqonde 225, ngokulandelana 400 mm. Izimbobo nazo zingenziwa nge-engeli. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokuphendula ithebula ngokuthi 30o nhlangothi zombili. Ngokobubanzi bembobo, amandla enjini angaba 3,2 noma 5,5 kW.

Isithombe 1: I-Hole Hole Evundlile

Isithombe 2: I-SvSA knot drill

Isithombe 3: I-Single Spindle Chain Mill DCA - 2

Incazelo yomlando yokusebenza komshini wokugaya iketango

Isibuko seketango kufanele silethwe eduze kwento ecutshungulwa kancane kancane, ngaphandle kokucindezela okungazelelwe. Ijubane lokuphakelayo le-chain cutter kufanele lehlise ijubane njengoba ubude bokubhola bukhuphuka.

Lapho ubhoboza izimbobo ezinde, i-chain cutter iqala nge-indent ekugcineni kwembobo, bese kwenye futhi ekugcineni ibe phakathi, emva kwalokho imbobo yonke ifakwe ngomshini. Ukugcina ukujula kokumba ngesikhathi somsebenzi, kusetshenziswa i-washer, okufanele ilungiswe kumnikazi okhethekile, osemshinini. Ku-shift eyodwa, akufanele ujulise iketango ngaphezu70 mm. I-chain cutter kufanele ibe kude kakhulu nomhlahlandlela5-6 mm.

Ijubane lokuhamba kwe-chain cutter kufanele libe2,5-10 m/isekhondi. Isivinini sokunyakaza okuqondile, lapho ugaya ukujula60 mm, amanani25ku30 m/min. Lapho ukujula kokumba sekufika100 mm, isivinini sokhuni oluqinile si20ku30 m/min, nalapho ukujula kukukhulu kuno100 mm, ijubane li10ku20 m/min. Isivinini sokugudluka okuvundlile singu50ku70%kusukela ngesivinini sokuhamba okuqondile. 

Ukubalwa ngokomlando kokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqiza okumaphakathi kokumaketha komshini wokugaya amaketanga ezingcezu zemigodi eyenziwe ngomshini kunganqunywa ngokuya ngefomula: Psm =480I-Kd Ks / Tmaš, lapho i-Psm ingumkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokushintsha okukodwa, ucezu; Tmaš- isikhathi somshini esidingekayo ukubhoboza umgodi owodwa, min; Ks - i-coefficient. ukusetshenziswa kosuku lokusebenza, amanani0,9; Kd - i-coefficient. ukusetshenziswa komshini, ngokulinganayo0,7-0,8.

Isilinganiso sokukhiqiza sokubhoboza imbobo emide enanini lezimbobo zeshifu eyodwa kunganqunywa ngokuya ngefomula: Psm =480 60KdKs/Tmaš, lapho i-Psm ingumkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokushintsha okukodwa, com. umgodi; Tmaš - isikhathi somshini; Kd - i-coefficient. ukusetshenziswa kosuku lokusebenza, ngokulinganayo0,9; Ks - i-coefficient. ukusetshenziswa komshini, ngokulinganayo0,6ku0,8.

Amathuluzi okubhola nokujula

Amathuluzi okusika amaketanga okumba ama-chain cutters (isib.4) ezibekwe kumagayidi afakwe izinto ezicindezelayo.

Umfanekiso 4: Izinto zabasiki beketango

Ama-milling cutter ahlanganisa amalunga angawodwana, axhunywe ama-rivets. Ukuphakama kwesisiki seketango esijwayelekile sithi 11,3 mm. Ubukhulu babasiki beketango bunikezwe kuthebula 2.

Amathuluzi nemishini yokumba izingcezu zokubhoboza - fig. 5. Njengomthetho, ama-drill bits enziwa ezinkampanini ezikhethekile. Ukukhethwa kohlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwe-drill kuncike ekutheni hlobo luni lomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe. Isibonelo, izipunu noma izinsimbi zokubhoboza ezivunguzayo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imifantu, i-spiral, i-worm kanye ne-snake drill bits isetshenziselwa ukwenza imigodi ejulile; ama-plug drill anama-cutters asetshenziselwa ukwenza ukufaka namapulaki okuvula amafindo awehlile. Izimbobo ezimaphakathi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imigodi engashoni.

Isithombe 5: Izingcezu zokubhola ezisetshenziswa ekwenzeni ukhuni