Injin hakowa da zurfafa itace

Muhimmiyar Gargaɗi: Wannan rubutu ne na tarihi, ba ƙayyadaddun na’ura na yanzu ba, kimanta haɗari ko hakowa da jagorar hanawa. Samfura, girma, gudu, ƙira, kayan aiki, zurfin sarrafawa, jagorori da matakai dole ne a duba su bisa ga ƙa’idodin da suka dace, takaddun masana’anta da amintattun ƙa’idodin aiki.

Wannan rubutun ba tayin injuna bane, kayan aiki ko takaddun sabis na Savo Kusić. tayin na yanzu yana mai da hankali kan tagogi, kofofin da mafita masu alaƙa.

Nau’in injin hakowa da ban sha’awa

Ana amfani da na’urori masu ban sha’awa da na’ura don tono ramukan zagaye, waɗanda ke bi ta cikin kayan, ko kuma kawai a wani yanki, don yin matosai da tsagi a cikin abubuwan da ke haɗuwa da ci gaba. An rarraba ƙwanƙwasa: bisa ga matsayi na spindles masu aiki a tsaye da a kwance; bisa ga adadin spindles - guda-spindle, uku-spindle da Multi-spindle; ta nau’in motsi -  cikin rawar jiki tare da motsin hannu da injina. An raba injunan ban sha’awa zuwa sarƙaƙƙiya sarƙaƙƙiya da ƙwanƙwasa; ta adadin spindles - guda-spindle da Multi-spindle; bisa ga nau’in motsi - akan inji tare da motsi na hannu da na inji. Ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki tare da kayan aikin hakowa suna karɓar motsi na juyawa daga raƙuman ginin injin lantarki. Tare da masu yankan sarƙoƙi guda ɗaya, mai yankan sarkar yana motsawa zuwa sashin da za a yi. Tare da injunan spindle da yawa, tebur tare da abubuwan da za a sarrafa suna motsawa zuwa kayan aiki mai ban sha’awa. 

Hakowa da injuna masu ban sha’awa tare da motsi na inji yawanci suna da aƙalla saurin aiki guda biyu kuma ɗaya don saurin aiki. Dangane da na’urorin hakowa da na’ura, kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wani rami ne mai zurfi wanda ke jujjuya shi kuma an kafa shi a cikin ma’auni a kan ramin injin lantarki. Wannan ginin na rawar soja yana ba da damar yin ramuka na ƙananan girma.

Halayen fasaha

A cikin tebur1ana ba da halayen fasaha na asali na nau’ikan hakowa da na’urori masu ban sha’awa.

A cikin ayyuka masu amfani na kamfanoni a cikin masana’antar gine-gine don sarrafa itace, ana amfani da ƙwanƙwasa dogon rami a kwance na alamar SVGD.3(fig.1) akan wanne za a iya huda ramuka da ramuka daban-daban. Hakanan ana amfani da ƙulle-ƙulle akan abubuwa don ƙofofi da tagogi (fig.2), injunan niƙa sarƙoƙi guda ɗaya tare da motsin hannu ko na inji (fig.3). Wannan injin yana iya yin ramuka tare da faɗin6ku30 mm, zurfin har zuwa175 mm. Tebur na injin yana iya motsawa a tsaye da a kwance225, wato400 mm. Hakanan ana iya yin ramuka a kusurwa. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar juya teburin don30o ta bangarorin biyu. Dangane da nisa na rami, ikon motar zai iya zama3,2ko5,5kW.

Hoto1: Tsawon rami mai tsayi a kwance

Hoto2: SvSA kulli rawar soja

Hoto3: Single-Spindle sarkar milling inji DCA -2

Bayanin tarihi na aikin injin niƙa sarkar

Ya kamata a kusantar da madubin sarkar kusa da abin da ake sarrafa shi a hankali, ba tare da matsa lamba ba. Gudun ciyarwar mai yankan sarkar yakamata ya ragu yayin da tsayin hakowa ya karu.

A lokacin da ake hako dogayen ramuka, ana fara shigar da sarkar sarka a gefe daya na ramin, sannan a daya kuma a karshe a tsakiya, bayan haka ne ake sarrafa ramin gaba daya. Don kula da zurfin hakowa a lokacin aiki, ana amfani da mai wanki, wanda ya kamata a gyara shi a cikin maƙalli na musamman, wanda ke kan na’ura. A cikin motsi ɗaya, kada ku zurfafa sarkar fiye da70 mm. Mai yanke sarkar yakamata ya kasance mafi nisa daga jagora5-6 mm.

Gudun motsi na mai yanke sarkar dole ne ya kasance2,5-10 m/sec. Gudun motsi a tsaye, lokacin niƙa zurfin60 mm, yayi daidai25ku30 m/min. Lokacin da zurfin hakowa ya kai100 mm, gudun katako shine20ku30 m/min, kuma lokacin da zurfin ya fi girma100 mm, gudun shine10ku20 m/min. Gudun gudun hijira a kwance shine50ku70%daga gudun matsuwa a tsaye. 

Lissafin tarihi na yawan aiki

Za’a iya ƙaddara matsakaicin matsakaicin yawan aiki na injin niƙa sarkar a cikin ramukan injin da aka sarrafa bisa ga dabara: Psm =480Kd Ks / Tmaš, inda Psm ke yawan aiki yayin motsi ɗaya, yanki; Tmaš- lokacin inji da ake buƙata don hako rami ɗaya, min; Ks - coefficient. na yin amfani da ranar aiki, adadin0,9; Kd - coefficient. na amfani da na’ura, daidai0,7-0,8.

Za’a iya ƙididdige ƙimar ƙima na rawar rami mai tsayi a cikin adadin ramuka don motsi ɗaya bisa ga dabara: Psm =480 60KdKs/Tmaš, inda Psm ke yawan aiki yayin tafiya ɗaya, com. rami; Tmaš - lokacin inji; Kd - coefficient. amfani da ranar aiki, daidai0,9; Ks - coefficient. na amfani da na’ura, daidai0,6ku0,8.

Kayan aikin hakowa da zurfafawa

Kayan aikin hakowa masu yankan sarkar sune masu yankan sarkar (fig.4) waɗanda aka sanya a kan jagororin sanye take da na’urorin tashin hankali.

Hoto4: Abubuwan yankan sarƙoƙi

Masu yankan sarƙoƙi sun ƙunshi ɗaiɗaikun haɗin gwiwa, haɗa su da rivets. Matsakaicin daidaitaccen mai yanke sarkar ya kai11,3 mm. Ana ba da ma’auni na masu yanke sarkar a cikin tebur2.

Kayan aikin hakowa da injuna - fig.5. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana yin raguwa a cikin kamfanoni na musamman. Zaɓin ɗaya ko wani nau’in rawar soja ya dogara da irin aikin da ake buƙatar yin. Alal misali, ana amfani da cokali ko karkace tururuwa don yin ramuka, karkace, tsutsa da macizai don yin ramuka masu zurfi; Ana amfani da ƙwanƙolin toshe tare da masu yanka don yin abubuwan da aka saka da matosai don buɗewa daga kullin da aka jefa. Ana amfani da rawar tsakiya don yin ramuka mara zurfi.

Hoto5: Haɗa rago ana amfani da su wajen aikin itace