Michina yekuchera nekudzika huni

Yambiro Yakakosha: Ichi chinyorwa chemudura renhoroondo, kwete zvemuchina wazvino uno, kuongorora njodzi kana kudhirowa uye bhuku rekupikisa. Mamodheru, ukuru, kumhanya, mafomula, maturusi, kudzika kwekugadzirisa, madhairekitori uye maitirwo anofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana nemirau inoshanda, zvinyorwa zvemugadziri uye mitemo yebasa yakachengeteka.

Ichi chinyorwa hachisi chekupihwa kwemichina, maturusi kana sevhisi zvinyorwa zveSavo Kusić. Ikozvino kupihwa kwakanangana nemahwindo, magonhi uye anobatanidzwa mhinduro.

Mhando dzemichina yekuchera uye inofinha

Michina yekuchera (zviboorero) uye kunyura zvinoshandiswa kuchera makomba akatenderedza, ayo anopinda nemukati mezvinhu zvese, kana chete kusvika pamwero wakati, kugadzira mapulagi nemagrooves muzvinhu zvakabatanidzwa nekuenderera mberi.
Drills dzakakamurwa: maererano nenzvimbo yezvipikisi zvekushanda zvakamira uye zvakadzikama; maererano nenhamba yezvirukwa - single-spindle, matatu-spindle uye multi-spindle; nerudzi rwekufamba —  kudzidzira nemaoko uye nemakanika kufamba.
Michina yekuchera yakakamurwa kuita macheni madhiri uye auger drills; nenhamba yezvirukwa - single-spindle uye multi-spindle; zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekufamba - pamakina ane manyorero uye ma mechanical kufamba. Maspindle anoshanda ane mudziyo wekuchera anogashira kutenderera kubva pashaft yemagetsi akavakirwa-mukati. Iine single-spindle cheni cutter, cheni inocheka inofamba ichienda kune chinhu chinogadzirwa. Iine akawanda-spindle michina, tafura ine zvinhu zvinogadziriswa inoenda yakananga kune inobhowa chishandiso. 

Michina yekuchera nekudzika nemuchina wekufamba kazhinji ine inomhanya maviri ekushanda uye imwe yekumhanya isingaite. Muchiitiko chekuchera uye kupikisa michina, chigadziro chekugadzirisa igomba rinotenderera rinotenderera uye rinogadziriswa mumubati pane shaft yemagetsi emagetsi. Kuvakwa kwechibhorani uku kunoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzira maburi edikidiki.

Zvimiro zveunyanzvi

Mutafura1maitiro ehunyanzvi emhando dzekutanga dzekuchera uye mashini anofinha anopiwa.

Mubasa rinoshanda remakambani ekugadzira matanda ekugadzira huni, yakatwasuka refu-gomba drill brand SVGD-3 (fig. 1) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, pairi maburi akatenderedza anogona kudhiriwa uye akasiyana grooves anogona kugadzirwa. Drills for knots pane zvinhu zvegonhi nemahwindo (fig. 2), single-spindle chain milling machines ine manual or mechanical movement (fig. 3) inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya. Muchina uyu unogona kugadzira maburi nehupamhi kubva 6 kusvika 30 mm, kudzika kusvika 175 mm. Tafura yemuchina inogona kufamba yakatwasuka uye yakatwasuka 225, zvichiteerana 400 mm. Makomba anogonawo kuitwa pakona. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekushandura tafura ne 30o pamativi ese. Zvinoenderana nehupamhi hwegomba, simba remota rinogona kuve 3,2 kana 5,5 kW.

Mufananidzo 1: Horizontal Long Hole Drill

Mufananidzo 2: SvSA knot drill

Mufananidzo 3: Single Spindle Chain Mill DCA - 2

Tsananguro yenhoroondo yemacheni ekugaya muchina

Iyo girazi recheni inofanirwa kuunzwa padyo nechinhu chiri kugadziriswa zvishoma nezvishoma, pasina kumanikidzwa kamwe kamwe. Kukurumidza kwekudya kwecheni chekucheka kunofanira kuderera sezvo kureba kwekuchera kunowedzera.

Pakuchera makomba marefu, mucheki wecheni anotanga akadzivirirwa kune imwe mugumo wegomba, ipapo kune imwe uye pakupedzisira pakati, mushure mezvo gomba rose rinogadzirwa. Kuti uchengetedze kudzika kwekuchera panguva yebasa, washer inoshandiswa, iyo inofanirwa kugadziriswa mune yakakosha mubati, iyo iri pamushini. Mukufamba kumwe, haufanirwe kudzika ketani kupfuura70 mm. Cheni inocheka inofanira kunge iri kure kure negwara5-6 mm.

Iko kumhanya kwekufamba kwecheni chekucheka kunofanira kuva2,5-10 m/sec. Speed ​​​​yekufamba kwakamira, kana uchikuya kudzika60 mm, inosvika ku25ku30 m/min. Kana kudzika kwekuchera kwasvika100 mm, kukurumidza kwehuni20ku30 m/min, uye kana kudzika kwakakura kupfuura100 mm, kasi yacho10ku20 m/min. Iko kumhanya kweiyo horizontal displacement ndiko50ku70%kubva pakumhanya kwe vertical displacement. 

Nhoroondo kuverenga kwekubudirira

Avhareji yekumisikidza kugadzirwa kwecheni yekugaya muchina muzvidimbu zvemakomba akagadzirwa anogona kutariswa zvinoenderana neformula: Psm =480Kd Ks / Tmaš, uko Psm iri kugadzirwa panguva imwe chete yekuchinja, chidimbu; Tmaš- muchina nguva inodiwa pakuboora gomba rimwe, min; Ks - coefficient. yekushandiswa kwezuva rekushanda, mari0,9; Kd - coefficient. yekushandiswa kwemichina, yakaenzana0,7-0,8.

Iko kukwenenzverwa kwekuita kwekuboora-refu-gomba muhuwandu hwemakomba eimwe shanduko inogona kutariswa zvinoenderana neformula: Psm =480 60KdKs/Tmaš, uko Psm iri kugadzirwa panguva imwe chete yekuchinja, com. hole; Tmaš - nguva yemuchina; Kd - coefficient. kushandiswa kwezuva rekushanda, zvakaenzana0,9; Ks - coefficient. yekushandiswa kwemichina, yakaenzana0,6ku0,8.

Zvishandiso zvekuchera uye kudzika

Zvishandiso zvekuchera cheni vanocheka macheni anocheka (fig.4) anoiswa pamagwara ane tensioning devices.

Mufananidzo 4: Zvinhu zvevacheki cheni

Chain milling cutters ine majoini ega ega, akabatanidzwa ne rivets. Makwiriro eyakajairwa cheni yekucheka ndeye 11,3 mm. Zviyero zvevanocheka cheni zvinopihwa mutafura 2.

Midziyo nemichina yekuchera mabheti - fig. 5. Sezvo mutemo, mabheti ekuchera anogadzirwa mumakambani akasarudzika. Kusarudzwa kweimwe kana imwe mhando yeauger zvinoenderana nerudzi rwebasa rinoda kuitwa. Semuenzaniso, zvipunu kana spiral drill bits zvinoshandiswa kugadzira grooves, spiral, worm uye snake drill bits zvinoshandiswa kugadzira makomba akadzika; zvibooreso zvemapulagi zvine zvichekwa zvinoshandiswa kugadzira zvekuisa nemapulagi ekuvhura kubva kumapfundo akadonha. Zvibhorani zvepakati zvinoshandiswa kugadzira makomba asina kudzika.

Mufananidzo 5: Drill bits dzinoshandiswa mukugadzira huni