Chenjezo Lofunika: Ili ndi zolemba zakale zakale, osati makina amakono, kuunika kwachiwopsezo kapena kubowola ndi kutsutsa. Zitsanzo, miyeso, kuthamanga, njira, zida, kuya kwa makina, maupangiri ndi ndondomeko ziyenera kufufuzidwa molingana ndi malamulo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito, zolemba za opanga ndi malamulo otetezeka a ntchito.

Malembawa sikuti akungopereka makina, zida kapena zolemba zantchito za Savo Kusić. Zomwe zilipo pano zikuyang’ana mazenera, zitseko ndi mayankho ogwirizana nawo.

Mitundu ya makina obowola ndi otopetsa

Makina obowola (bowola) ndi kuthira pansi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mabowo ozungulira, omwe amadutsa muzinthu zonse, kapena pang’ono pokha, popanga mapulagi ndi ma grooves muzinthu zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndikupitilira.
Drills amagawidwa: molingana ndi malo a spindles ogwirira ntchito kukhala ofukula ndi yopingasa; malinga ndi chiwerengero cha zitsulo zopota - zopota imodzi, zitatu zopota ndi zopota zambiri; kutengera mtundu waulendo —                                              YOyenda’ 
Makina obowola amagawidwa m’mabowo a unyolo ndi ma auger; ndi chiwerengero cha spindles - single-spindle ndi multi-spindle; molingana ndi mtundu wa mayendedwe - pamakina omwe ali ndi kayendedwe ka manja ndi makina. Zozungulira zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi chida chobowola zimalandira kusuntha kozungulira kuchokera ku shaft ya injini yamagetsi yomangidwa. Ndi ocheka unyolo umodzi, wodula unyolo amasunthira ku chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa. Ndi makina opota amitundu yambiri, tebulo lokhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimayenera kukonzedwa limasunthira ku chida chotopetsa. 

Makina obowola ndikuzama ndikuyenda kwamakina nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi liwiro lochepera kuwiri komanso limodzi la liwiro lopanda ntchito. Pankhani yakubowola ndi kuwerengera makina, chida chopangiracho ndi chobowola chopanda kanthu chomwe chimazungulira ndikukhazikika mu chotengera pa shaft yamagetsi yamagetsi. Kubowola kumeneku kumapangitsa kupanga mabowo ang’onoang’ono.

Makhalidwe aukadaulo

Tebulo 1 imapereka mawonekedwe aukadaulo amitundu yoyambira yamakina obowola ndi kuzama.

Table 1: Makhalidwe aukadaulo wamakina obowola ndi kuzama
Indicators Chigawo cha muyeso Kubowola kopingasa SVG-3 Makina ophera unyolo DCA Kubowola kolunjika kozungulira kamodzi SV-2M
Kubowola kwakukulu mm 25 16 50
Kuboola kwambiri mm 100 175 120
Kukula kwazinthu
wide
makulidwe

mm
mm

250
125

250
200

–
–
Nambala ya kusintha kwa spindle min 3000 3000 3000
Mphamvu ya mota yamagetsi kuyendetsa njira zodulira kW 2,2 3,2 2,2
Mphamvu ya mota yamagetsi kuyendetsa njira zosinthira kW – 0,52 –

Mu ntchito yothandiza yamakampani opanga matabwa opangira matabwa, SVGD-3 (mkuyu 1) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pomwe mabowo ozungulira amatha kubowoledwa ndi kupanga ma grooves osiyanasiyana. Kubowola kwa mfundo pazitseko za zitseko ndi mazenera (mkuyu 2), makina opangira zitsulo zamtundu umodzi wokhala ndi kayendetsedwe ka manja kapena makina (mkuyu 3) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri. Makinawa amatha kupanga mabowo okhala ndi m’lifupi kuyambira 6 mpaka 30 mm, kuya mpaka 175 mm. Tebulo la makina limatha kuyenda molunjika komanso mopingasa 225, motsatana 400 mm. Mabowo amathanso kupangidwa pakona. Izi zimatheka potembenuza tebulo ndi 30o mbali zonse. Malingana ndi kukula kwa dzenje, mphamvu ya galimotoyo ikhoza kukhala 3,2 kapena 5,5 kW.

Bowola zopingasa zazitali, chizindikiro chosungira 20190927 190158 5

Chithunzi 1: Kubowola Bowo Lopingasa

Knot Drill, Archive Tag 20190927 190654 5

Chithunzi 2: SvSA knot drill

Single Spindle Chain Mill, Archive Tag 20190927 190654 5 1

Chithunzi 3: Single Spindle Chain Mill DCA - 2

Kufotokozera m’mbiri yamakina opangira mphero

Galasi la unyolo liyenera kuyandikitsidwa pafupi ndi chinthu chomwe chikukonzedwa pang’onopang’ono, popanda kukakamiza mwadzidzidzi. Liwiro la chakudya cha chodulira unyolo liyenera kuchepekera pamene kutalika kwa kubowola kumawonjezeka.

Pobowola mabowo aatali, chodula unyolo chimayamba kulowera kumapeto kwina kwa dzenje, kenako kwina ndipo pomaliza pakati, kenako dzenje lonselo limapangidwa. Pofuna kusunga kuya kwa kubowola panthawi ya ntchito, makina ochapira amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mu chotengera chapadera, chomwe chili pamakina. Pakusintha kumodzi, unyolo suyenera kulowera kupitilira 70 mm. Wodula unyolo asapitirire 5 - 6 mm.

Kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe a chodula unyolo kuyenera kukhala 2,5 - 10 m/sec. Liwiro la kuyenda moimirira, pamene kuya kwa kugaya kuli 60 mm, ndi 25 mpaka 30 m/min. Kubowola kukakhala kuya mpaka 100 mm, liwiro la nkhuni zolimba ndi 20 kufika 30 m/min, ndipo kuya kukakhala kwakukulu kuposa 100 mm, liwiro ndi 10 kufika 20 m mpaka 20 m. Mlingo wa chakudya chopingasa ndi 50 mpaka 70% pa mlingo woyimirira wa chakudya. 

Mawerengedwe a mbiri ya zokolola

Kuchuluka kwa makina opangira mphero m’zidutswa za mabowo opangidwa ndi makina amatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi chilinganizo: Psm = 480 Kd Ks / Tmaš, pomwe Psm ndiyopanga nthawi imodzi, chidutswa; Tmaš- makina nthawi yofunikira pobowola dzenje limodzi, min; Ks - kokwanira. kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku logwira ntchito, kufika pa 0,9; Kd - kokwanira. ya kugwiritsa ntchito makina, ofanana ndi 0,7 - 0,8.

Kuchuluka kwa kubowola kwa mabowo aatali mu kuchuluka kwa mabowo pakusintha kumodzi kungadziwike motsatira ndondomekoyi: Psm = 480 60KdKs/Tmaš, pamene Psm - zokolola panthawi imodzi, ma PC. dzenje; Tmaš - nthawi yamakina; Kd - kokwanira. kugwiritsa ntchito tsiku logwira ntchito, lofanana ndi 0,9; Ks - kokwanira. ya kugwiritsa ntchito makina, ofanana ndi 0,6 mpaka 0,8.

Zida zobowola ndi zowerengera

Zida zobowola maunyolo ndi zodula maunyolo (mkuyu 4) zomwe zimayikidwa pazilombo zomwe zili ndi zida zomangirira.

Zinthu za odula maunyolo, tag ya zakale 20190927 190654 5 2

Chithunzi 4: Zinthu za odula unyolo

Odulira mphero amakhala ndi zolumikizira paokha, zolumikizidwa ndi ma rivets. Mamvekedwe a chocheka chokhazikika ndi 11,3 mm. Miyeso ya ocheka maunyolo aperekedwa patebulo 2.

Zida ndi makina obowola - mkuyu. 5. Monga lamulo, mabowo amapangidwa m’makampani apadera. Kusankha kwa mtundu umodzi kapena wina wa auger kumadalira mtundu wa ntchito yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa. Mwachitsanzo, tizitsulo ta spoon kapena zozungulira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapanga, zozungulira, nyongolotsi ndi njoka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabowo akuya; mapulagi kubowola ndi ocheka amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoyikapo ndi mapulagi otsegula kuchokera ku mfundo zogwa. Kubowolera pakati kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabowo osaya kwambiri.

Tibowola matabwa, tag yankhokwe 20190927 190654 5 3

Chithunzi 5: Zobowola zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa

Table 2: Miyeso yokhazikika ya ocheka unyolo
Chain wide 6,8 10 14,16 18 20 22 25 30
Kukuya kwa dzenje 60 125 – – – 150 – –
Malozera ndi unyolo m'lifupi 40 – 40,55 – – 55 – –