Izindlu zokuphumula zangempelasonto zithandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezenziwe ngokhuni. Kodwa-ke, intengo yalezi zindlu iphakeme kakhulu. Amanani aphezulu angancishiswa ngokwenza izingxenye ngokomgomo wokuthi »yenza ngokwakho«.
Ukwenziwa kwezinto zokwakha kufanele kuqalwe ngokubalwa kobukhulu bezinto. Kule nqubo, ngaphezu kokuphatha kalula, kufanele kucatshangelwe nokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezinto ezikhona. Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza umuntu oyedwa akwazi ukuhambisa izinto, kanti ababili bazithuthe. Ubukhulu kufanele buhambisane nemojula yokwakha engu-30 cm, okungukuthi, ubukhulu kufanele kube ukuphindaphindwa kwenani eliphelele lika-30, njengokuthi 1,20 m, 90 cm, 2,10 cm. Lo mgomo usebenza nasezicabheni, emafasiteleni nokunye okunjalo. Siqala umsebenzi ngokwenza amafreyimu ezinto. Kufanele kuhlanganiswe uhlu lwezinto ezidingekayo kanye nobukhulu bazo, bese imininingwane ihlelwa etafuleni. Uma kungenzeka, kufanele kwenziwe umdwebo wezinto eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikali se-1:1. Kuzilinganiso zobude kufanele kufakwe ubude bokubopha kanye nokugqagqana. Izisekelo eziqondile zamafreyimu emaphethelweni sizibopha ngama-cokla, kanti ezimaphakathi ngamathayi amancane (sl. 1).
ISITHOMBE 1
Impahla yohlaka iyisiphanyeko se-spruce esisikiwe, enesigaba 50x50 - 25x50 mm kanye nobude obuncike emandleni ento yokumboza nosayizi wamaphaneli. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zezinto zokwakha zingamafreyimu. Ama-lath anqamulelayo anendima yokuqinisa ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuncike emandleni ento yokumboza nosayizi wezinto. Lawa ma-lath afakwa ngezikhonkwane ezimfushane kanye nokunamathiselwa ukuze kungabi buthakathaka isisekelo esikhulu. Uma impahla esetshenzisiwe yokumboza iyincane, khona-ke kufanele kwenziwe nokuqiniswa nge-diagonal. Izindawo zamafasitela neminyango, kakade ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kufanele zakhiwe ngezinsika eziqondile nezivundlile, kucatshangelwa izilinganiso zokuxhuma.
Ukwembatha
Amafreyimu alungile singawagqokisa ngezindlela ezine: ngaphandle ngamabhodi ayindilinga, kanti ngaphakathi ngamabhodi efayibha yezinkuni, ngaphandle nangaphakathi ngamabhodi efayibha yezinkuni; ngaphandle nge-lamberia, kanti ngaphakathi ngamabhodi e-iverice futhi ekugcineni ngendlela ehlanganisiwe (ngamabhodi, ngamabhodi efayibha yezinkuni, nge-iverice kanye ne-lamberia). I-iverice nokusikwa ngokwezifiso ngokuxhunywa ungaku-oda ekhasini Uslužno sečenje iverice
Ukuhlanganisa namapulangwe namapuleti. Ukuze kuvalwe ingaphandle, ikhwalithi yokuhweba yamapulangwe ayindilinga iyafaneleka. Amapulangwe abekwa ngokuvundlile, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, futhi aboshelwa kuhlaka ngezinzipho. Amaphethelo amapulangwe ahlangana ngokudlula phezu kwelinye noma ngesimo seshingolo. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi amapulangwe ayindilinga anomumo womuthi, okusho ukuthi awafani ngobubanzi kuwo wonke ubude bawo futhi ngenxa yezimo eziyindilinga zemigqa yawo yokukhula agobeka kalula. Ukusebenza okulinganayo ezinhlangothini zamapulangwe kufanele kuqale ekugcineni okuncane. Ukusebenza ezinhlangothini ukuze kuhlangane amapulangwe kungenziwa ngesaha eliyisiyingi elifakwe ngokutshekisa (umf. 1).
Kufanele kuqashelwe lapho kugxunyekwa izipikili, ngoba amabhodi emaphethelweni mancane futhi aphuka kalula. Asincomi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhodi angaziswanga amagxolo, nakuba nawo kwesinye isikhathi angatholakala ezitolo. Ukuqedela ingaphakathi kufanele kusetshenziswe amapuleti emicu yokhuni (lesonit).
Izingxenye ezithile zesakhiwo zingaboshwa komunye nomunye ngama-dowel, ngamabha okuhlanganisa angaphakathi nangaphandle. Imiphetho yamapuleti kufanele iqhubekiswe ingenazikhala, futhi endaweni yokuhlanganisa ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwento kufanele kunamathiselwe itheyiphu yokuhlanganisa eyenziwe ngaleyo nto efanayo. Ububanzi betheyiphu kufanele bube ubukhulu obuphindwe kayishumi kunogqinsi.
Inhlanganisela yamapulangwe-ngamapulangwe. Okuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka eminingi kufakazele ukuqina kwepulanga elenziwe ngemicu yezinkuni. Ukusetshenziswa kwalawa mapulangwe kuhlukahlukene kakhulu futhi awabizi kakhulu kunamapulangwe e-plywood. Kodwa-ke, akumelwe nanini sikhohlwe izimbambo zokuqinisa, okuthi ngaphezu kokuqinisa uhlaka, zivimbele ukuguquguquka kwepulanga. Akumelwe sishiye izingxenye ezinkulu zingaqinisiwe, ngoba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuzovela ukuguquguquka futhi lokho kuzokonakalisa ukubukeka kwendawo eyisicaba.
Amapuleti aqiniswa ngokunamathelisa. Isidingo sokunamathela kahle kweglue indawo ehlanzekile. Uhlangothi olugugile lwepuleti ezindaweni zokunamathelisa kufanele luphinde lugugulwe ngokuqhubekayo ngebhulashi locingo noma ngeshidi lensimbi. Asikukhuthazi ukuqina ngezinzipho, ngoba ikhanda lenzipho lingaxega ngenxa yokunyakaza nokuguquka kwepuleti bese lidala amabala erusi. Ngesikhathi sokunamathelisa, ngenkathi i-glue ibopha, ukumboza kufanele kuqiniswe ngamaphedi ezinzipho enziwe ngezingcezu zamapuleti.
Izinto zokunamathisela zesimanje zithembekile kakhulu, kodwa uma kudingeka, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikulufo zokhuni ezinezinhloko ezibrunishiwe, noma ezimbozwe nge-cadmium, kanye nalezo zethusi. (Ukubrunisha: isikulufu kumele sishiswe kuze kushintshe umbala bese sicwiliswa emafutheni, kuthi ngemva kokukhipha emafutheni ngaphezu kwamalahle avuthayo noma ilangabi legesi kuvunyelwe ukuba uwoyela ushise. Lokhu kuphindwa kuze kube yilapho isikulufu, somile, sinombala omnyama ocwebezelayo. Qaphela! Lesi senzo siyingozi kakhulu, ngoba singadala umlilo noma izingozi, ngakho singenziwa kuphela ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezihlomele ngokwanele).
Izakhi ezimbozwe ngamabhodi e-lesonit nazo ziboshwa ngamakepisi. (Ukubunjwa kwesigaba kwesigubuzelo ngalawa mabhodi kunzima ukukwenza.) Uma ngaphandle sibophela ama-batten aqinile okuhlanganisa ngezikulufo (60x25 mm), khona-ke emihlanganweni eyisicaba yezindonga zangaphakathi akudingeki omunye umbozo wokuhlanganisa. Izakhi ngemva kokugcotshwa nge-linseed oil primer zipendwa, ngaphandle ngopende kawoyela, kanti ngaphakathi nge-varnish.
Inhlanganisela ye-iverica kanye ne-lamberija. Ekuqedeni kwangaphakathi kusetshenziswa amabhodi e-iverica, kanti okwangaphandle, okuthiwa i-lamberija (ukumbozwa okwenziwe nge-wardan ye-spruce egandayiwe futhi enemigodi) enamaphethelwe acijile ezihlanganisweni.
Amabhodi okuvalela e-lambrija afakwa eduze komunye nomunye ngqo, aboshwa ngokuma mpo ngaphansi kwezinto zamapulangwe ama-lath. Ezindaweni zokuhlangana ama-lath angene komunye nomunye futhi ngaleyo ndlela enze ukugqagqana. Kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi, izindawo zokhuni zihlala ziqondile, ama-lath akhethekile okugqagqana awadingeki, okuwukuphela kwento edingekayo phezulu nangaphansi ama-lath okuqedela, abekwe ngokuvundlile futhi aboshwe ngezikulufo. Lesi sixazululo sihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukuvikelwa kokushisa nokuvikelwa komoya kwalesi sixazululo kuyalingana nodonga lwezitini oluwugqinsi lwe-12 cm. Isikhala somoya sefreyimu siqhubeka sandise futhi sithuthukise umphumela wokuvikela. Lapho kuhlanganiswa izakhi, i-lath yokugcina enomsele ifakwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, ukusuka phezulu, endaweni yayo.
Isixazululo esihlanganisiwe. Lesi sixazululo empeleni siyinhlanganisela yezinto ezintathu ezichazwe kuze kube manje. Uhlangothi olusenyakatho nolusenyakatho-ntshonalanga lwesakhiwo, oluchayeke kakhulu emathonyeni emvelo, kufanele lumbozwe ngamabhodi e-chipboard. Kulezi zinhlangothi akufanele kufakwe iminyango namawindi. Ukuze ngaphakathi kutholakale izindawo ezibushelelezi nezihlanganisiwe zezinto, kufanele zimbozwe ngamabhodi emicu yokhuni. Ohlangothini lwangaphandle, olubheke engadini, oluvikelwe kakhulu futhi olusetshenziswa kakhulu - lapho kukhona iningi lezivuleko (iminyango, amawindi) - kufanele kufakwe i-lambrija. Kodwa ibhodi lokuhlobisa neligobile.
Ezindaweni ezibushelelezi nezixhunyiwe zangaphakathi zodonga lapho kubekwa khona ifenisha - kufanele kusetshenziswe ibhodi le-fiber njengokumboza. Odongeni lwangaphakathi lomnyango wokungena, kungcono kakhulu ukufaka i-lamberiya, ngoba kulo kulula kakhulu ukufaka amashalofu, iziphanyeko njll. Kuyisixazululo esihle kakhulu nesihlotshisiwe uma ukumbozwa kwezindonga ezisemaceleni kubushelelezi, kanti ukumbozwa kodonga lokungena noluphambene nalo kungu-lamberiya.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuvikela izingxenye ezikhiqiziwe ukufaka kuzo i-primer yokuvikela eyisisekelo eyenziwe nge-linseed oil varnish efudunyeziwe futhi ehlanjululiwe. I-primer ifakwa kuphela ezindaweni ezibe sezihlanziwe ngaphambilini othulini nasekungcoleni futhi zagaywa. I-primer eyisisekelo ingaba yinto ethile yokuncibilikisa enamafutha. Ukufudumeza singakwenza ngokuphepha ngokufudumeza isitini esihlanzekile bese, kancane kude nesitofu, sibeka impahla ye-primer kulelo sitini ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lensimbi.
Ngemuva kokoma ngokuphelele, izindawo kufanele ziphinde zikhuhluze bese kuzifaka i-lacquer (noma upende wendawo yangaphandle ngombala ofunwayo.) Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lacquer, ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, akuhlali kunenzuzo, ikakhulukazi ezindongeni zangaphakathi ezibushelelezi. Ku-lamberija, nokho, umphumela wokuhlobisa kakhulu uzoba yilona kanye i-lacquer. Odongeni lwangaphakathi oluyisicaba sincoma ukusebenzisa upende ngombala we-pastel othambile. Izindonga ezibushelelezi zingambozwa nangamaphephadonga. Ezindaweni singakwazi nathi ukunamathisela amaphephadonga azinamathelayo asezingeni eliphezulu.
Izindlela zokuvala iminyango namawindi
Ukubunjwa kwendawo yeminyango namafasitela sesikuchazile kakade. Indawo yalokhu singayibeka ngendlela esiyifunayo. Ubukhulu bezinye izindlela zokuvala ukuvuleka, ezingatholakala ezitolo, bulandelayo:
Ukuphakama: kusukela ku-60 сm kuya ku-240 сm (ngokwesinyathelo se-30 cm)
Ububanzi: kusukela ku-60 cm kuya ku-180 cm (ngokwenyuka ngezinyathelo ze-30 cm)
Inzuzo yalezi zivalo ukuthi zingafakwa kalula nasezintweni ezincane ngokulinganiselwe. Ngemva kokuzibopha nokuzilungisa, kudingeka kufakwe kuphela ama-lathe okugoqa futhi sezilungele ukusebenza. Amafasitela anesiphiko esisodwa, kodwa anengilazi ephindwe kabili. Izicabha zokungena zinezindonga ezimbili futhi zifakwe iwindi elincane lokubuka. Ubukhulu obuthile bezicabha, noma bama-windows:
iwindi 60 х 120 cm
iwindi elilele 120 x 60 cm
iwindi elikhulu 120 x 120 cm
Izicabha zokungena 85х202,5 cm (ngethuluzi lokukhiya lokuvikela, ukumbozwa ngebhodi le-fiber elinsundu ngaphakathi, kanti ngaphandle ngombathiso wokuhlobisa owenziwe ngophayini, ngewindi elincane lokubuka kanye ngebhande lokuhlobisa.)
Iminyango yendlu yokugezela, yekhishi futhi ngokunokwenzeka yendawo yokungena ngezilinganiso ze-60х202,5 cm (enokufakwa kwebhodi le-fiber, iminyango eqinile enomgubho womnyango.
Isakhiwo sophahla
Ukuze kube lula ukwenza kanye nokwandisa amandla esakhiwo sophahla olwenziwe ngamapulangwe e-fir, asikukhuthazi izixazululo ezinezimbobo zokufaka. Kufanele kusikwe impahla yekhwalithi ibe ngobude obuhambisana nobude besikhala, kufanele kwenziwe imisele namazibuko adingekayo bese ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesihlanganiso kuhlanganiswe ngezikhonkwane kanye nocezu lwebhodi (imicu eminyene) noma ngezinsalela zamabhodi anemicu (sl. 2) Izikhonkwane ezimbalwa kufanele zidlule ngokuphelele. Ukuthambekela kophahla lwe-salonit ngu 20-25°. Ezindongeni ezisemaceleni nasesakhiweni sophahla kufanele kwenziwe umsele 0,5 cm wokubamba. Iziphahla zophahla sizibopha phakathi kwazo ngamapulangwe amancane, nawo ngesikhathi esifanayo asebenza ekubopheni i-salonit, kanti ezindongeni ezisemaceleni sisebenzisa amapuleti ensimbi. Ngemva kokumboza uphahla, kufanele futhi kuhlanganiswe uhlangothi olungezansi lwe-awningi.
ISITHOMBE 2
Uphahla
Ukuze kube nokufakwa kwangaphakathi kophahla sincoma ibhodi elinama-fiber, kanti ukuze kufakwe ukuvikela ukushisa kube ungqimba oluncane lomhlanga ngaphezulu kwalokho. Ibhodi elinama-fiber silibopha ngaphansi ngezikulufu zezinkuni, kanti isikhala sophahla sisigcwalisa ngongqimba lomhlanga luka 5 cm. Umhlanga, ohlangothini olubheke ophahleni, kufanele umbozwe ngosimende oluxubene ne-perlite. (Ngemva kokufaka ukhonkolo akumele uphahla luthwalwe umthwalo!) Ngemva kwalokho kungaqalwa ukufakwa kwesembozo sophahla. Okubalulekile! Izinkuni kufanele zifakwe i-impregnating ukuze zivikelwe emlilweni nasefungus.
Ukuvikeleka
Ukuvikela phakathi kodonga lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle lwamakhaya okhuni, ngokuvamile kuwumkhiqizo wokuvikela kanye nesikhala somoya. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo kufana nokuvikela kodonga lwezitini zobukhulu 25 cm. Amandla okuvikela ezingxenye, ezenziwa ngomgomo wokuthi »zenzele wena«, ahambisana nodonga lwezitini zobukhulu 12 cm. Lokhu kungakhushulwa nangokufaka ukuvikela okukhethekile phakathi kwamapuleti okuvala ezingxenye (sl. 3 no 4).
ISITHOMBE 3
ISITHOMBE 4
Udaka lwe-perlite olune-gypsum - olwenziwa endaweni yokufakwa - olunobukhulu 3 cm luhambisana nokufakwa kokushisa kodonga lwesitini olunobukhulu 10 cm. Lolu daka lwenziwa ngokuxuba cishe inani elifanayo lempuphu ye-perlite ku-20 amalitha obisi lwe-lime oluncane, bese luxutshwa kuze kube yilapho inhlanganisela ifinyelela ukujiya kodaka. Ukuze kuqine kufanele kufakwe - ngaphambi nje kokusetshenziswa - 1,5 m trowel ye-gypsum. Ingxube iba kahle-ke uma udaka lwe-perlite olomile lwenza umsindo lapho lushaywa, kodwa kusengacindezelwa umunwe kulo. Ukwengeza i-gypsum ngokweqile kuzonciphisa ukufakwa kokushisa. Njengokugcwalisa kungasetshenziswa izinsalela zezinto zokufaka ukushisa, izinsalela zezinto ezinegwebu, kanye nezinsalela zikakhokho. Isilinganiso sokuxuba singu 1 : 1.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yisiphi isixazululo esisamukelayo, ukufakwa kokuvikela kufanele kubekwe ohlangothini olungaphakathi lodonga lwangaphandle, ngoba indawo yodonga ethi »enoboya« inikeza izimo ezingcono zokunamathela nokubopha. Ungqimba lokuvikela kufanele lugcotshwe entweni elele phansi nangaphambi kokufakwa kokhonkolo lwangaphakathi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo lapho izingqimba zangaphakathi zizolala khona kamuva zihlale zihlanzekile. Impahla yokuvikela eseyilungile kufanele ithululwe ebhaketheni, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela indawo yokunamathisela ingcoliswa kancane. Impahla ilinganiswe nge-ravnjaca. Akudingekile ukugcwalisa ngokuphelele isikhala esiphakathi, kungahlala ngisho nesendlalelo somoya. Ukunamathiswa kwangaphakathi kungafakwa endaweni yakho kuphela ngemva kokoma okuphelele kwempahla yokuvikela. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho sivunyelwe ukushaya izipikili uma sesiqinisekisile ukuthi impahla yokuvikela iboshelwe ngokuphelele ohlangothini oluphambene. Ngemva kokufakwa kokuvikela, izakhi zingathuthwa kuphela zisesimweni sokulala (uhlangothi lwangaphandle phansi) (umfanekiso 3 no 4)
I-pergola (i-venjak)
IPergola iyindawo ethandwayo engadini enomthunzi omningi nomoya. Lingakhiwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto. Okuhambisana kakhulu nezidingo zobuhle bengadi inhlanganisela yensimbi namabhodi. Impahla yezinsika nayo ingahluka: ipayipi lensimbi, ipayipi le-eternit, itshe lemvelo noma ukhuni. Imishayo ingakhiwa ngokhuni noma ngensimbi enezimo. Amabha awela njalo enziwa ngokhuni. I-pergola eyakhiwe ngokuphelele ngokhuni ibiza kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho ngenxa yokwakhiwa, ukuhlanganisa kanye namajoyinti idinga nobungcweti obuthile. Kumele ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela ukuze amanzi anganqwabelani ezindaweni ezithile futhi kungabi khona ukubola ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesakhiwo esisekelayo.
Ngokulandelayo, sizonikeza incazelo yokwenziwa kwe-pergola enezinto zokusekela zensimbi nemicu yokhuni (sl. 5)
ISITHOMBE 5
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwenza isakhiwo sentsimbi esithwala umthwalo, izinsika ezisekelayo zenziwa ngezibambi ze-U 80 x 45 x 6 mm. Ibanga phakathi kwezinsika ezithwalayo kufanele libe 60 cm. Kodwa-ke ama-pergola aqiniswa ngamaphrofayili ashiselwe, phansi ngensimbi eyisicaba enobukhulu 25 x 5 mm, kanti phezulu ngophrofayili we-U onobukhulu 80 х 6 mm. Izikhala phakathi kwamapheya ezinsika kufanele zibe 3 m, kanti inani lamapheya lincike ebudeni obufunwayo be-pergola. Ngenxa yesisindo sayo kanye nengcindezi yomoya, izinsika ezisekelayo kufanele zifakwe ezisekelweni zikakhonkolo eziklanywe ngokucophelela, uphawu B 70, ezinobukhulu 120 x 70 x 60cm. Ubude bezinsika ngaphezu kwezinga lendawo kufanele bube 2,4 m, kanti ngaphansi kwezinga 0,6 m.
Izisekelo okubekwa kuzo ama-lath zenziwa ngephrofayili engu-U enobukhulu 50 x 38 х 5 mm. Kulezi kufanele kushiselwe amaphrofayili angu-L aphindwe kabili anobukhulu 50 x 50 x 5 mm ngebanga lama-eksisi elingu-40 cm kanye nebanga eliphakathi kwamapheya wamaphrofayili angu-L elingu-45 mm. Lawa mapheya wamaphrofayili angu-L abamba inetha elingaphezulu le-pergola elakhiwe ngamapheshana okhuni (okungcono kube yi-oki) anobukhulu 18 x 4,5 x 180 cm eliqiniswe ngebanga elingu-40 cm ngamabhawodi М8 x 100 anamantongomane. Izingxenye zensimbi kufanele zifakwe isendlalelo esiphindwe kabili se-minium njengesisekelo, upende omnyama wokumboza kanye ne-lacquer. Ubuso bokhuni nabo kufanele bufakwe i-lacquer engenambala (eyezikebhe).
I-pergola ingabekwa engadini noma kwenye indawo iyodwa futhi singayibeka futhi eduze kwesakhiwo. Indawo ye-pergola kufanele inqunywe ngendlela yokuthi ngesikhathi esithile sosuku ikwazi ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokuphumula emthunzini, kanti kwesinye, elangeni. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi kusuka ku-pergola sithole ukubuka kwezingxenye ezinhle kakhulu zengadi. I-pergola engadini inomthelela wengxenye eqondile ngakho-ke ingaphinde ikhawulele izingxenye ezithile zesikhala. I-pergola exhunywe esakhiweni, empeleni, iyandisa futhi ithathe imisebenzi yezikhala zangaphakathi, ngoba kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla ingasetshenziswa, kuthiwa, ukuze umndeni ube
igumbi lokuphumula ngaphansi kwesibhakabhaka esivulekile.
Kunconywa ukuthi indawo engaphansi kwe-pergola ibekwe ngesembozo esiqinile samapuleti amatshe noma kakhonkolo. I-pergola, empeleni, iwuhlobo oluthuthukisiwe lokusekela, olwakhiwa izitshalo ezikhuphukayo futhi oluyiphasiji enomthunzi yokuphumula phakathi kotshani.
Iziko egcekeni
Indawo ethandwa kakhulu ikakhulukazi emakhaya asehlobo emaphethelweni ezingadi, kanye nasemagcekeni amakhulu ezakhiwo zemindeni zasemadolobheni, yindawo yomlilo engadini. Njengoba kungakhiwa izinhlobo eziningi zezingadi zomlilo, sizochaza ezimbalwa kuzo.
Iziko eliseduze nodonga (eduze kodonga lothango) lakhiwa ngendlela yokuthi lithathe indawo yothango lwebhalkhoni futhi limelele udonga olusekelayo olwenziwe ngamatshe emvelo. Isitofu sakhiwa ngamatje noma, kwezinye izikhathi, ngezitini, kanti isichilo somlilo kufanele sakhiwe ngeshidi lensimbi elijiyile cishe 1mm. Leli shidi, ukuze livikelwe ekugqwaleni, kufanele ligcotshwe ngamafutha bese, ngaphezu komlilo, kuvunyelwe amafutha ukuthi ashise abe qinile. Ukuphakama kwesichilo somlilo kufanele kube kukhulu kunokuphakama kodonga olusekelayo, futhi ezinhlangothini zombili kufanele sifake amapuleti okuqondisa intuthu. Ubuso betshe obuqondile ngaphansi komlilo kufanele bakhiwe buze bube nezimbotshana, ukuze kuvunyelwe ukugeleza komoya nakusukela ngaphansi. Ebusweni obungaphezu komlilo kufanele kufakwe izingwegwe zokulengisa izimbiza.
Udongeni olusekelayo sizolusebenzisa kangcono futhi luzoba luhle kakhulu uma engxenyeni ende, evulekile sakha imbobo yezimbali. Nokho, kule ndawo kungakhiwa futhi indawo yomlilo noma, ngokubeka itshe eliyisicaba (uma lilukhuni kakhulu kufanele lilinganiswe ngosimende), kungatholakala ingxenye emise njengetafula (sl. 6, 1. ingxenye).
ISITHOMBE 6
Lesi sixazululo singasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukaniswe ngokuphelele nesakhiwo, zihlotshaniswa nodonga lwamatshe noma nepaki.
Iziko elivulekile elinezingxenye zensimbi
Ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwendawo yokubasa evulekile enezingxenye zensimbi kuyistendi esenziwe ngephrofayili ye-L enobukhulu 30/30 mm. Esakhiweni esithwalayo - esihlanganiswa ngama-rivethi, ngezikulufo noma ngokushisela - kufanele kufakwe i-exhauster yokukhipha amagesi entuthu enziwe ngamashidi ensimbi noma i-eternit. Isakhiwo esithwalayo, noma imilenze, sifakwa sivulekile emabhulokhini kakhonkolo enziwa endaweni noma afakwe kamuva emhlabathini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ilangabi lingafinyeleli ku-eternit, ngoba izoqhekeka. Amashidi ensimbi kufanele agcotshwe ngopende kawoyela ukuze avikelwe. Kunconywa ukuba lawa mashidi adilizwe ebusika.
Ezansi kwesakhiwo esithwalayo kubekwa igrile yelangabi, kanti ngaphezu kwayo kubekwa igrile yokosa. Uma sibhoboza izimbobo emilenzeni ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zobude, sizokwazi ukulungisa ukuphakama kwegrile, noma kwegrilli (umf. 7).
ISITHOMBE 7
Indawo yokubasa evulekile eyenziwe ngezinto ezilungiselelwe kusengaphambili
Izinto ezinjalo zenza kalula ngezinto zikakhonkolo. Ezilula zingakhiwa futhi zihlanganiswe nganoma yiziphi izinto, okungcono ukhonkolo onama-porous onenhlabathi yamalahle. Uma zenziwe okwesikhashana kuphela, kwanele ukuzibeka ngokucophelela zibe phezu kwesinye, noma ukuzibopha ngocingo uma kudingeka. Phezu kwendawo yendawo yomlilo - engenaso isivalo futhi efana nekhabhinethi ethile - kufanele kufakwe igridi eminyene, kanti ngaphansi kushiywe imbobo yomoya. Uma sifuna ne-grill, kufanele kufakwe enye igridi phakathi nokuphakama kwendawo yomlilo. Esimweni sokuqala umlilo usephezu kwegridi, kanti kwesibili uphakathi kwama-gridi amabili, futhi ngenhla komlilo kukhona igrill. Yiqiniso, ekuphakameni kwe-gridi yelangabi kufanele kushiywe imbobo yokufaka uphethiloli. Ngokunciphisa imbobo yomoya engezansi kungalawulwa ukusha (sl. 6, 2. deo).
Kunconywa futhi ukuthi kwenziwe nesikhunta esikhethekile sokukhiqiza izingxenye zeziko. Kulezi zikhunta kuthelwa ukhonkolo we-slag, kuthi ngemva kokucindezelwa kutholakale izingxenye esezilungile. Ngokubeka lezi zingxenye kalula phezu kwenye kungahlanganiswa iziko elivulekile.
Futhi ekugcineni amathiphu ambalwa:
Ngaphezu komlilo akumele kube khona izihlahla ezinamahlamvu. Eduze komlilo akufanele kugcinwe izinto ezivuthayo. Kumele futhi kusukwe kude nesakhiwo nasehlathini. Ngemva kokuvutha, ngaphambi kokuba sisuke endaweni yomlilo, kufanele kuhlolwe ukuthi kukhona yini amalahle ashisayo endaweni yokushisa futhi kuphela uma sesithathe zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha, singasuka endaweni yomlilo. Izinkuni zokubasa ezishiywe endaweni yokushisa nakanjani zizohlala zomile kuze kube okulandelayo ukubasa.
Eduze kweziko kungenziwa izihlalo ezinhle nendlela eyenziwe ngamathayili kakhonkolo onemibala. Isihlalo singasetshenziselwa iziko elincane elilodwa (sl. 8).
ISITHOMBE 8