Malo a tchuthi am’ma weekend ndi otchuka kwambiri, makamaka amene amapangidwa ndi matabwa. Komabe, mtengo wa nyumba zazing’onozi ndi wokwera kwambiri. Mitengo yokwera ikhoza kuchepetsedwa popanga zinthu motsatira mfundo ya »dzichitire wekha«.
Kupanga zinthu zomangira kuyenera kuyamba ndi kukonza miyeso ya zinthu. Pamenepa, kuwonjezera pa kusavuta kugwira ntchito, muyenera kuganiziranso kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zipangizo zomwe zilipo. N’kofunikanso kusamala kuti popanga, chinthu chikhale chotheka kusunthidwa ndi munthu m’modzi, ndipo anthu awiri akathe kuchinyamula. Miyeso iyenera kugwirizana ndi module ya zomangamanga ya 30 cm, ndiko kuti, miyesoyo ikhale ma multiples onse a nambala 30, monga 1,20 m, 90 cm, 2,10 cm. Mfundo imeneyi imagwiranso ntchito pa zitseko, mawindo ndi zina zotero. Ntchito zimayamba ndi kupanga mafreyimu a zinthu. Muyenera kulemba mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika zokhala ndi miyeso yake ndi kukonza zambiri patebulo. Ngati zingatheke, muyenera kupanga chojambula cha zinthu zambiri momwe mungathere pa sikelo ya 1:1. Ku miyeso ya utali muyenera kuwonjezera utali wa kumangiriza ndi ma overlap. Mizati yoyima ya mafreyimu pa m’mbali timakhomera ndi ma cokla, ndipo yapakati ndi timakona tating’ono tating’ono (fig. 1).
CHITHUNZI 1
Zinthu za chimango ndi matabwa a spruce odulidwa, a gawo la 50x50 - 25x50 mm ndi utali kutengera mphamvu ya zinthu zophimba ndi kukula kwa mapanelo. Zigawo zazikulu za zinthu za nyumbayo ndi ma chimango. Matabwa odutsa ali ndi ntchito yolimbikitsa, choncho kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumadalira mphamvu ya zinthu zophimba ndi kukula kwa zinthu. Matabwa amenewa amaikidwa ndi ma tenoni afupifupi ndi guluu kuti chonyamulira chachikulu chisafooke. Ngati zinthu zophimba zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zoonda, ndiye kuti kulimbitsa kwa diagonal kuyeneranso kupangidwa. Malo a mawindo ndi zitseko, kale pa kukhazikitsa, ayenera kupangidwa ndi zonyamulira zoyima ndi zopingasa, poganizira miyeso yolumikizira.
Chivundikiro
Mafelemu okonzeka tingawavale m’njira zinayi: kunja ndi matabwa ozungulira, mkati ndi mapanelo a ulusi wa nkhuni, kunja ndi mkati ndi mapanelo a ulusi wa nkhuni; kunja ndi lamberia, mkati ndi mapanelo a iverica ndipo potsiriza mophatikiza (matabwa, mapanelo a ulusi wa nkhuni, iverica ndi lamberia). Iverica komanso kudula mwamakonda kwa ntchito mutha kuyitanitsa pa tsamba la Uslužno sečenje iverice
Kuphatikiza ndi matabwa ndi mapanelo. For the exterior cladding, commercial-grade round-edged boards are suitable. The boards are installed horizontally, from bottom to top, and fastened to the frame with nails. The edges of the boards that meet each other are formed as a lap joint or in a shingle form. It should be known that round-edged boards are tapered, that is, they are not the same width along their whole length, and that because of the curved grain pattern they deform easily. Parallel machining of the board sides should begin at the narrower end. Machining of the side edges for board joints can be done with a circular saw set at an angle (fig. 1).
Muyenera kusamala mukakhomera misomali, chifukwa matabwa ali ofewa m’mphepete ndipo amaphulika mosavuta. Sitikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa omwe khungwa silinachotsedwepo, ngakhale nthawi zina amapezekanso m’masitolo. Pakuphimba mkati muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa a ulusi wa nkhuni (lesonit).
Zinthu zina za nyumba zingamangirizidwe pakati pawo ndi tenoni, ndi mizere yopindirana ya mkati ndi ya kunja. M’mbali mwa mapanelo ziyenera kupitirizidwa popanda mpata ndipo pa malo olumikizana, kumbali yakumanzere kwa zinthu, muyenera kumata tepi yopindirana ya zinthu zomwezo. M’lifupi mwa tepiyo uyenera kukhala wokulirapo ka khumi kuposa makulidwe ake.
Kuphatikiza mbale-mbale. Zochitika za zaka zambiri zatsimikizira kukhalitsa kwa mbale ya ulusi wa matabwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbalezi kuli kwa mitundu yambiri ndipo ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa plywood. Koma tisaiwale konse nthiti zolimbitsira, zimene kuwonjezera pa kulimbitsa chimango zimalepheretsanso kusokonekera kwa mbale. Sitiyenera kusiya mbali zazikulu zopanda kulimbitsidwa, chifukwa posachedwapa kapena pambuyo pake zidzafika pa kusokonekera ndipo zimenezi zidzawononga maonekedwe a pamwamba pake lathyathyathya.
Mapanelo amamangiriridwa mwa kumata. Chofunikira kuti guluu imagwire bwino ndi pamwamba paukhondo. Mbali yaukali ya panelo pa malo omatira iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kukhwima ndi burashi ya waya kapena pepala lachitsulo. Sitikulangiza kumangirira ndi misomali, chifukwa mutu wa msomali ungamasuke chifukwa cha kuyenda ndi kusinthasintha kwa panelo ndipo zidzayambitsa madontho a dzimbiri. Pa kumata, pamene guluu ikugwira, zokutira ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi zothandizira za misomali zopangidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira za mapanelo.
Modern adhesives are very reliable, but if necessary, it is better to use wood screws with blued or cadmium-plated heads, as well as brass ones. (Bluing: the screw should be heated until the color changes and then dipped into oil; after taking it out of the oil, above embers or a gas flame, let the oil burn off. Repeat this until the screw, in a dry state, has a glossy black color. Attention! This operation is very dangerous, because it can cause a fire or accidents, and may be carried out only in appropriately equipped workshops).
Zinthu zokutidwa ndi matabwa a lesonit zimamangidwanso ndi ma plug. (Kupanga zokutira mwa masitepe ndi mapanelo amenewa kumakhala kovuta.) Ngati kuchokera kunja timamangiriza ma batten amphamvu a overlap ndi ma screw (60x25 mm), ndiye kuti pa zolumikizira zathyathyathya za makoma amkati sikufunika overlap ina. Zinthuzo pambuyo popaka mafuta a linseed zimapendekedwa, kunja ndi penti ya mafuta, ndipo mkati ndi varnish.
Kuphatikiza kwa iverica ndi lamberija. Pa zokutira zamkati amagwiritsidwa ntchito mapanelo a iverica, ndipo pa zakunja, otchedwa lamberija (chikuto cha matabwa a jekeseni oponda ndi opangidwa ndi mgolopolo) okhala ndi m’mphepete opindika pa cholumikizira.
Mabodi okutira a lamberiya amaikidwa moyandikana kwambiri, amamangiriridwa molunjika pansi pa zinthu za ma batten. Pa malo olumikizirana ma batten amalowa limodzi ndipo motero amapanga kupindana. Kunja ndi mkati, pamwamba pa nkhuni zimakhala zosalala, ma batten apadera a kupindana safunikira, kokha pamwamba ndi pansi pamafunika ma batten omaliza, omwe amaikidwa molunjika ndi kumangirizidwa ndi mabawuti. Yankho limeneli ndilokhalitsa kwambiri. Kutchinjiriza kwa kutentha ndi mpweya kwa yankho limeneli kumafanana ndi khoma la njerwa la makulidwe a 12 cm. Dera la mpweya la chimango limapitirizanso kukulitsa ndi kukonza mphamvu ya kutchinjiriza. Pakusonkhanitsa zinthu, batten yomaliza yokhala ndi groovu imayikidwa kokha pa kukhazikitsa, kuchokera pamwamba, pa malo ake.
Yankho lophatikizidwa. Yankho ili kwenikweni ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zitatu zomwe zafotokozedwa kale. Mbali ya kumpoto ndi ya kumpoto chakumadzulo ya nyumbayo, zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zakunja za nyengo, ziyenera kukutidwa ndi matabwa a chipboard. Pa mbali izi sayenera kuyikidwa zitseko ndi mazenera. Kuti mkati tipeze malo osalala olumikizana a zinthu, ziyenera kukutidwa ndi matabwa a ulusi wa matabwa. Pa mbali yakunja, yomwe ili yolunjika ku munda, yomwe imatetezedwa kwambiri ndipo timagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri - kumene kuli ma opening ambiri (zitseko, mazenera) - iyenera kuyikidwa lamberiya. Koma ndi bolodi lokongoletsa ndi lozungulira.
Pa malo amkati a khoma omwe ali athyathyathya ndi olumikizana kumene mipando imayikidwa - muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi la fibha ngati chophimba. Pa khoma lamkati la khomo lolowera, bwino kwambiri kuyika lamberiya, chifukwa pa ilo ndipamene mashelufu, ma hanger ndi zina zotero zimamangirizidwa mosavuta kwambiri. Ndi njira yokongola kwambiri komanso yokongoletsa ngati zophimba za makoma am’mbali zili zosalala, ndipo zophimba za khoma lolowera ndi la kutsutsana nalo zili za lamberiya.
Gawo loyamba loteteza zinthu zopangidwa ndi kuti pa izo paikidwe utoto woyambirira woteteza wopangidwa ndi mafuta a linseed otenthedwa ndi ochepetsedwa. Utotowo umaikidwa pa malo okhaokha, amene poyamba ayeretsedwa ku fumbi ndi dothi ndipo amawazidwa. Utoto woyambirira ukhoza kukhala mtundu wina wa zosungunulira zamafuta. Kutentha tingakuchite mosatekeseka pogwiritsa ntchito njerwa imodzi yoyera ndi, kutali pang’ono ndi chitofu, kuyika zinthu za utoto woyambirira mu bokosi lachitsulo pa njerwa imeneyi.
Pambuyo pouma kwathunthu, malo ayenera kupukutidwanso ndi sandpaper ndipo apakidwe varnish (kapena utoto wa kunja mu mthunzi womwe ukufunika.) Kugwiritsa ntchito varnish, chifukwa cha kuwala kwake, sikumakhala kopindulitsa nthawi zonse, makamaka pa malo a mkati a makoma osalala. Pa lamberiya, komabe, varnish ndiyo imabweretsa zokongoletsa kwambiri. Pa khoma losalala la mkati tikupangira kugwiritsa ntchito utoto wa mthunzi wofewa wa pastelo. Makoma osalala angathenso kumangidwa ndi mapepala a khoma. Pamikhalapo tingathenso kudzimatira tokha mapepala a khoma abwino odziphatika.
Njira zotsekera zitseko ndi mawindo
Kupanga malo a zitseko ndi mazenera tachifotokoza kale. Malo a izi tingaoneke momwe tikufuna. Makulidwe a ena mwa zida zotsekera zotseguka, zomwe zingapezeke m’masitolo ndi awa:
Kutalika: kuchokera pa 60 сm mpaka 240 сm (mosiyanasiyana pa 30 cm)
M’lifupi: kuyambira 60 сm kufika 180 сm (m’magawo pa 30 cm)
Ubwino wa zotsekezazi ndi wakuti zimatha kuikidwa mosavuta ngakhale mu zinthu zoonda pang’ono. Pambuyo pozikhomera ndi kuzikonza, zimangofunika kuikapo mapulani a kupindika ndipo zakhala zokonzeka kugwira ntchito. Mawindo ndi a tsamba limodzi, koma okhala ndi galasi lawiri. Khomo lolowera lili ndi makoma awiri ndipo lili ndi zenera loyang’aniramo. Miyezo ingapo ya zitseko kapena mawindo:
zenera 60 х 120 cm
windo lolembeka 120 x 60 cm
prozor yayikulu 120 x 120 cm
Khomo lolowera 85х202,5 cm (lokhala ndi loko yachitetezo, mkati lili ndi chophimba cha board ya ulusi woderapo, ndipo kunja lili ndi chophimba chokongoletsera cha paini, lokhala ndi zenera loyang’aniramo ndi m’bali wokongoletsera.)
Zitseko za bafa, za khitchini ndipo mwina za holo yoyamba m’miyeso ya 60х202,5 cm (zokhala ndi chophimba cha bolodi la ulusi, zitseko zolimba zokhala ndi chimango cha khomo.
Kapangidwe ka denga
Pofuna kuphweka kupanga ndi kukulitsa mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka denga ka matabwa a jelovina, sitipangira njira zokhala ndi zikhomo. Tiyenera kudula zinthu zabwino kutalika koyenerana ndi span, kupanga grooves ndi zikhomo zofunika, ndiyeno kuzilumikiza mbali ina ya mgwirizano ndi misomali ndi chidutswa cha bolodi (yokhala ndi ulusi wolimba) kapena ndi zotsalira za mapanelo a ulusi (chith. 2) Misomali ingapo iyenera kudutsa. Kupendekera kwa denga la salonit ndi 20-25°. Pa makoma am’mbali ndi pa kapangidwe ka denga tiyenera kupanga groove 0,5 cm yoti igwirire. Zonyamulira za denga timazimanga pakati pa zawo ndi maboledi omwe nthawi yomweyo amagwiranso ntchito yotsekera salonit, ndipo kwa makoma am’mbali timagwiritsa ntchito mbale zachitsulo. Pambuyo pokuta denga, tiyeneranso kukuta mbali ya pansi pa khonde.
CHITHUNZI 2
Denga
Pa zokutira zamkati za denga tikulimbikitsa bolodi la fiber, ndipo pa kutchinjiriza kwa kutentha pamwamba pake tikuyika wosanjikiza woonda wa bango. Bolodi la fiber timamanga kuchokera pansi ndi zomangira za matabwa, ndipo malo a m’mwamba timawaphimba ndi wosanjikiza wa bango wa 5 cm. Bango, loyang’ana m’denga, liyenera kukutidwa ndi pulasitala ya simenti ndi perlite. (Pambuyo pa kupaka pulasitala m’kamwa simuyenera kuyika katundu pa denga!) Pambuyo pa zimenezi tingayambe kukhoma denga. Chofunika! Matabwa ayenera kupatsidwa impregnation kuti atetezedwe ku moto ndi ku bowa.
Kudzipatula
Kutchinga pakati pa khoma lamkati ndi lakunja la nyumba zamatabwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi chinthu chochitira kutchinga ndi mpata wa mpweya. Kutchinga kotereku kuli kofanana ndi kutchinga kwa khoma la njerwa la makulidwe a 25 cm. Mphamvu yotchingira ya zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa molingana ndi mfundo ya »dzichitire wekha«, ikufanana ndi khoma la njerwa la makulidwe a 12 cm. Izi zingawonjezekebe ndi kutchinga kwapadera pakati pa mapanelo okutira a zinthu (chith. 3 ndi 4).
CHITHUNZI 3
CHITHUNZI 4
Pulasitala ya perlite yokhala ndi gypsamu - yopangidwa pa malo oyikitsira - yokhuthala 3 cm ikugwirizana ndi kutsekereza kwa kutentha kwa khoma la njerwa lokhuthala 10 cm. Pulasitala imeneyi imapangidwa motere: mu 20 malita a mkaka wa laimu wosaweruka amasakanizidwa pafupifupi ufa wofanana wa perlite ndipo amasakanizidwa mpaka unyinji ufike pa kukhuthala kwa matope. Kuti uumire bwino, muyenera kuwonjezera - nthawi yomweyo musanagwiritse ntchito - 1,5 m ya gypsamu wosalala. Chiŵerengero chosakaniza chimakhala chabwino ngati pulasitala ya perlite ikauma imatulutsa mawu ikagundidwa, koma chala chikhoza kukanizidwabe mmenemo. Kuwonjezera gypsamu wambiri kumachepetsa kutsekereza kwa kutentha. Monga zodzaza zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zotsalira za zinthu zotsekereza, zotsalira za zinthu za thovu, komanso zotsalira za korki. Chiŵerengero chosakaniza ndi 1 : 1.
Mosiyana ndi njira imene timavomereza, kutchinjiriza kuyenera kuyikidwa pa pamwamba pa mkati la khoma lakunja, chifukwa pamwamba ‘pa ubweya’ pa khoma kumapereka mikhalidwe yabwino yolumikizana ndi kumangirizana. Wosanjikiza wa kutchinjiriza uyenera kuikidwa pa gawo loyima kale musanayike chivundikiro cha mkati. Tiyenera kusamala kuti pamwamba pomwe pambuyo pake chivundikiro cha mkati chidzalekerera akhale oyera. Zinthu zotchinjiriza zokonzeka ziyenera kuthiridwa kuchokera mu chidebe, chifukwa motero pamwamba pomatira sipadzadziwidwa kwambiri ndi dothi. Zinthuzo zimayendetsedwa mofanana ndi flat trowel. Sikofunikira kudzaza 100% mipata, angasiyeko ngakhale mpweya. Chivundikiro cha mkati chingayikidwe pa malo ake kokha pambuyo poti zinthu zotchinjiriza ziuma kotheratu. Pokhapo ndiye tingamenye misomali ngati tazindikira kuti zinthu zotchinjirizazo zakhazikika bwino pa mbali inayo. Pambuyo pa kutchinjiriza, zinthu zitha kunyamulidwa kokha zili m’malo ogona (mbali yakunja ili pansi) (chithunzi 3 ndi 4)
Pergola (denga la mthunzi)
Pergola ndi malo okondedwa m’bwalo la dimba okhala ndi mthunzi wambiri ndi mpweya. Lingathe kupangidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya zinthu. Chogwirizana kwambiri ndi zofunikira zokongola za dimba ndi kuphatikiza kwachitsulo ndi maboledi. Zinthu za mizati nazonso zingakhale zosiyanasiyana: chubu chachitsulo, chubu cha eternit, mwala wachilengedwe kapena matabwa. Maboledi angapangidwe ndi matabwa kapena chitsulo cha profailo. Maboledi a m’mbali nthawi zonse amapangidwa ndi matabwa. Pergola yopangidwa kwathunthu ndi matabwa ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo kuphatikiza apo chifukwa cha kupanga, kulumikiza ndi mfundo zake imafunikira luso lina. Iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa mosamala kuti madzi asasonkhanepo pa malo ena ndi kuti kusawola msanga kwa kapangidwe konyamulira kusachitike.
M’munsimu, tifotokoza mmene pergola limapangidwira ndi zinthu zonyamulira zachitsulo ndi maboledi a matabwa (chith. 5)
CHITHUNZI 5
Gawo loyamba ndi kupanga chimango chonyamulira chachitsulo, mizati yothandizira imapangidwa ndi U-njira 80 x 45 x 6 mm. Mtunda pakati pa mizati yonyamulira uyenera kukhala 60 cm. Koma pergola imamangirizidwa ndi ma profile owotcherera, pansi ndi chitsulo chathyathyathya cha kukula 25 x 5 mm, ndipo pamwamba ndi U-profile ya kukula 80 х 6 mm. Mizati iwiri iwiri iyenera kukhala yatalikirana ndi 3 m, ndipo chiwerengero cha magulu chimadalira kutalika komwe kumafunidwa kwa pergola. Chifukwa cha kulemera kwake komanso kuthamanga kwa mphepo, mizati yothandizira iyenera kuikidwa mu maziko a konkire opangidwa mosamala a chizindikiro B 70, a kukula 120 x 70 x 60cm. Kutalika kwa mizati pamwamba pa msinkhu wa nthaka kuyenera kukhala 2,4 m, ndipo pansi pa msinkhu wa 0,6 m.
Zonyamulira zimene amaikapo mabyati zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ma U profile a kukula kwa 50 x 38 х 5 mm. Pa izi ayenera kuwotcherera ma L profile awiri a kukula kwa 50 x 50 x 5 mm ndi mtunda wa ma axis wa 40 cm ndi mtunda pakati pa mapeya a L profile wa 45 mm. Mapeya a L profile amenewa amanyamula gridi yapamwamba ya pergola yopangidwa ndi mabyati a matabwa (makamaka a mtengo wa oak) a kukula kwa 18 x 4,5 x 180 cm yomwe imamangirizidwa pa mtunda wa 40 cm ndi mabawuti M8 x 100 okhala ndi mtedza. Zigawo zachitsulo ziyenera kupakidwa gawo loyamba la minium kawiri, utoto wakuda wophimba, ndi varnish. Malo a matabwa nawonso ayenera kupakidwa varnish yopanda mtundu (ya maboti).
Pergola ingayikidwe m’bala kapena penapake payekha ndipo tingaliyikenso pafupi ndi nyumba. Malo a pergola ayenera kusankhidwa moti pa nthawi ina ya tsiku lingagwire ntchito ngati malo opumira pamthunzi, ndipo pa ina, padzuwa. N’kofunikanso kuti kuchokera mu pergola tithe kuwona mbali zokongola kwambiri za m’munda. Pergola m’munda imakhala ngati chinthu choyima molunjika ndipo chifukwa chake ingathenso kuletsa mbali zina za malo. Pergola yolumikizidwa ndi nyumba, kwenikweni imakulitsa ndi kulandira ntchito za malo amkati, chifukwa kuyambira masika mpaka kugwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuti ndi ya banja
chipinda chochezera pansi pa thambo lotseguka.
Pamwamba pa pergola tikulangiza kuika chophimba cholimba cha miyala kapena ma slab a konkire. Pergola, kwenikweni, ndi mawonekedwe otukuka a chothandizira, chomwe chimamangidwa kwa zomera zokwera ndipo chimapanga njira yamithunzi yopumulira pakati pa zobiriwira.
Malo a moto m’munda
A particularly favorite place on summer evenings in the gardens of weekend houses, and also in the larger gardens of urban apartment buildings, is the garden hearth. Since several types of hearths can be built, we will describe several of them.
Malo opangira moto pafupi ndi khoma (pafupi ndi khoma la mpanda) amamangidwa moti amalowa m’malo mwa mpanda wa teresalo ndipo amakhala khoma lothandizira lopangidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe. Chotenthetsera chimamangidwa ndi mwala kapena, ngati kuli kotheka, ndi njerwa, ndipo chitoliro cha utsi chiyenera kumangidwa ndi pepala la chitsulo lokhuthala pafupifupi 1mm. Pepalalo, kuti litetezedwe ku dzimbiri, liyenera kupakidwa mafuta ndipo pamwamba pa lawi mafuta ayenera kuloleredwa kuti awotche. Kutalika kwa chitoliro cha utsi kuyenera kukhala koposa kutalika kwa khoma lothandizira, ndipo mbali zonse ziwiri tiyenera kuyika mapepala osokoneza utsi. Pamwamba pa miyala pansi pa lawi payenera kumangidwa moti pakhale ma pores, kuti mpweya uzitha kuyenda kuchokera pansi. Pamwamba pa lawi muyenera kumangidwa mbedza zonyamulira mphika.
Khoma lochirikiza tidzagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri ndipo lidzakhala lokongola kwambiri ngati pa gawo lalitali, laulere timapanga khomo la maluwa. Komabe, pamalo ano mungathenso kumanga malo a moto kapena, poyika mwala wathyathyathya wina (ngati uli waukali kwambiri uyenera kufewetsedwa ndi konkire), gawo looneka ngati tebulo lingapezeke (sl. 6, 1. gawo).
CHITHUNZI 6
Njira imeneyi tingayigwiritse ntchito pa malo omwe ali kutali kwathunthu ndi nyumbayo, yolumikizidwa ndi mpanda wamiyala kapena malo obiriwira.
Malo amoto otseguka okhala ndi mbali zachitsulo
Kapangidwe koyambirira ka malo oyatsira osasunthika okhala ndi mbali zachitsulo ndi choyimira cha ma profile a L chokhala ndi makulidwe a 30/30 mm. Pa kapangidwe konyamula - kamene kamasonkhanitsidwa ndi ma rivet, ma bolt kapena kuwotcherera - iyenera kuyikidwa ekshaustor yotulutsa utsi yopangidwa ndi ma sheet achitsulo kapena eternit. Kapangidwe konyamula, kapena ma legi, amaikidwa atatambasulidwa m’mabloko a konkire amene amapangidwa pamalopo kapena amaikidwa pambuyo pake pa nthaka. Muyenera kusamala kuti moto usafike ku eternit, chifukwa idzasweka. Ma sheet achitsulo, pofuna chitetezo, ayenera kupakidwa utoto wa mafuta. Ndibwino kuti ma sheet amenewa achotsedwe m’nyengo yozizira.
At the bottom of the supporting structure a fire grate is installed, and above it a grilling rack. If we drill holes in the legs at different heights, we will be able to adjust the height of the grate, i.e. the grill (fig. 7).
CHITHUNZI 7
Malo oyaka aulere opangidwa ndi zinthu zokonzedwa kale
Zinthu zoterezi zimapangidwa mosavuta kwambiri ndi zinthu za konkire. Zosavuta zingapangidwe ndi kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu, makamaka konkire yopanda mphamvu yokhala ndi slag. Ngati zimangopangidwa kwakanthawi, zokwanira ndi kuziyika mosamala chimodzi pamwamba pa china, kapena kuzimangiriza ndi waya ngati kuli kofunikira. Pamwamba pa malo oyatsira — amene alibe chivindikiro ndipo amafanana ndi kabati ina — ayenera kuyikidwa gridi yolimba, ndipo pansi ayenera kusiya potulukira mpweya. Ngati tikufunanso roštilj, ayenera kuyikidwa gridi ina pakati pa kutalika kwa malo oyatsira. Pa nthawi yoyamba moto umakhala pamwamba pa gridi, ndipo pa nthawi yachiwiri umakhala pakati pa magridi awiri, ndipo roštilj imakhala pamwamba pa moto. Mwachibadwa, pa msinkhu wa gridi yamoto ayenera kusiya pobowola polowetsa mafuta. Mwa kuchepetsa potulukira mpweya pansi, kuyaka kungathe kuwongoleredwa (chith. 6, 2. gawo).
Ndi bwino kupanga komanso chitsanzo chapadera cha kupanga zinthu za malo amoto. Mu mawu awa amathiramo konkire ya slag ndipo akatsika chifukwa cha kumenyedwa amapanga zinthu zokonzeka. Pokonza zinthu izi pamodzi chimodzi pamwamba pa china mosavuta, malo amoto otseguka angamangidwe.
Ndipo pamapeto pake malangizo angapo:
Pamwamba pa malo oyatsira sayenera kukhala mitengo ya masamba. Pafupi ndi malo oyatsira sayenera kusungidwa zinthu zoyaka mosavuta. Komanso tiyenera kuchoka kutali ndi nyumba ndi nkhalango. Pambuyo poyatsa, tisanaleke malo oyatsira, tiyenera kuyang’ana ngati pali m’dera la kuyaka makala kapena malasha oyaka, ndipo pokhapokha titatenga njira zonse zachitetezo, ndi pamene tingaleke malo oyatsira. Woodi yoyatsira yomwe yatsalira m’dera la kuyaka idzakhala youma ndithu mpaka kuyatsa kotsatira.
Pafupi ndi malo a moto mungapange mipando yokongola ndi njira yopangidwa ndi matailosi a konkire wopaka mitundu. Mpandowu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa malo ang’onoang’ono a moto (chith. 8).
CHITHUNZI 8