Manamatirwo anoshandiswa kubatanidza huni anofanira kunge akanyatsogadzikana mumvura, asingarwi nehutachiona hwefungal uye anofanira kunge aine simba repamusoro rejoini raanoumba. Simba iri rinofanira kukwira kusvika pakusimba kwekugera kwehuni iri kunama.
Kupatsanurwa kwezvinonamira zvinoenderana nekwakabva
Maererano nekwavakabva, zvinonamira zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu:
- mhuka, iyo inogadzirwa kubva kumapuroteni emhuka yakabva (mukaka, ropa, mapfupa uye ganda kubva kumhuka). Iri boka rinosanganisira bone (tutkalo), dehwe, albumin uye casein glues;
- herbal, iyo inogadzirwa kubva kune starch uye mapuroteni emiti (mbeu yebhinzi, vetiver, mbiriso yesoya, mhodzi dzesunflower, nezvimwewo). Starch glue zvakare ndeyeboka iri;
- synthetic, inowanikwa makemikari kubva phenol, formaldehyde uye carbamide.
Kugadzikana mumvura uye maitiro pakupisa
Adhesives yakakamurwa kuva yakagadzikana zvakanyanya mumvura, yakagadzikana mumvura uye isina kugadzikana mumvura. Zvinamira zvakatsiga zvakanyanya mumvura zvinomira kuita kwemvura nekudziya100oC pasina kuderedzwa kukuru kwesimba rekunamatira (phenol-formaldehyde adhesives). Mvura-inodzivirira inonamatira pasi pesimba remvura ine tembiricha18ku20oC kazhinji haina kunyanya kuderedza simba rekunamatira (urea resins uye albumin adhesives). Adhesives isina kugadzikana mumvura inorasikirwa nesimba rayo rekunamatira pasi pesimba remvura (bone, dehwe, casein-ammonia). Glues akakamurwawo kuita thermoreactive kana kusadzoreka uye thermoplastic kana kudzoreredzwa. Thermoreactive adhesives inoshanduka pasi pesimba rekushisa kuita chinhu chakaoma, chisinganyunguriki uye chisingadzokerike (carbamide uye melarnine resin). Pasi pesimba rekupisa, thermoplastic adhesives inonyunguduka, uye mushure mekutonhora vanoomesa uye havachinje chimiro chavo chemakemikari (mapfupa uye ganda tishu). Thermoplastic adhesives anonyanya kushandiswa, kunyanya kunama kwekuveza uye namo yeganda. Pakugadzirwa kweplywood isingadzivirirwe nemvura, thermoreactive adhesives inoshandiswa.
Carpenter glue quality
Hunhu hwekuveza glue hunotarwa nekunyungudika kwayo, kunyorova, kuzvimba, colloidity, kugona kupupa, kuomesa, kuonda, kusimba kwekubatanidza uye kusimba kwekunamira.
Gadziriro nekuchengetedza tepi yemuvezi
Kunyungudika kweglue kunotsanangurwa nekupisa kwemvura. Pakupisa pazasi 25oC, glue haiparare. Naizvozvo, kuzvimba kweiyo yakaoma putty mumatiles uye hove scale putty inogona chete kuitwa pane tembiricha iri pamusoro 25oC. Pamusoro 70 - 80oC, mukanyiwa haufanirwe kudziyirwa.
Humidity yekunzwa haifanire kunge iri pamusoro 15 - 17%, saka inochengetwa munzvimbo dzakaoma dzine mhepo yakanaka. Inonzwa nehunyoro pamusoro pe 20% inokurumidza kuipa (inoora) uye inorasikirwa nekunamira kwayo. Hunyoro hwehuputi hunotarwa nenzira imwechete nehunyoro hwehuni.
Carpenter’s putty ine hygroscopic. Inogona kusveta mvura 10 - 15 inopeta huremu hwayo. Nzira yekuigadzira inobva pane ichi chimiro che tutkal. Iyo batter mumatiles, inoiswa mumudziyo wakachena, inodururwa nemvura yakabikwa pakushisa kwe 25 - 30 oC uye saka inochengeterwa 10 - 12 maawa. Munguva iyi, mukanyiwa unotora huwandu hwemvura hunodiwa pakugadzirira kwayo. Iyo mukanyiwa, yakazvimba nenzira iyi, inoiswa mumudziyo ine kaviri pasi uye inopisa kusvika kune tembiricha ye 70 - 80 oC. Kana furo rakawanda richiita pamusoro panguva yekupisa, mukanyiwa unofanira kufashaidzwa 5 -10 m maminetsi uye furo rinofanira kubviswa. Nekudaro, mukanyiwa haufanire kubvumidzwa kuvira, nekuti unorasikirwa nekunaka kwayo uye kunamatira.
Rotting (spoilage) chimwe chezvinhu zvakashata zvehuni pulp. Nokudaro, mukanyiwa wakagadzirirwa unofanira kuchengetwa pakupisa kwe 5 - 10 oC kuitira kuti irege kukanganisa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvepfundo remuvezi kugona kwayo kushanduka kuita chimiro chemufananidzo. Wakisi yakakwira-concentration inoenda munzvimbo ine pikicha pane tembiricha yepamusoro pane yakaderera-concentration wakisi. Zvirukwa zvakanaka kwazvo zvinoshanduka zvisina simba kana kusatombova muchimiro chepikicha. Glues dzakadaro hadzina kufanirwa nepamusoro-soro gluing yehuni. Iyo yakakosha pfuma yeglue yakanyungudika, kunamira, zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuisa kwayo. Chiyero chekuisa pfungwa chinotarirwa nehuwandu hwemvura muputty solution.
Ongororo yemhando yekubatana uye bonding mode
Hunhu hweshear pamusoro peiyo standard test tubes inosarudza kunaka kwehuni yekubatanidza. Kana kuveura kuchiitwa pahuni, ipapo kunaka kwegluing ndiyo yakanakisisa, kana iri pahuni uye pane weave, hutano hwakashata, uye huipi huripo kana kuveura kuchiitwa pane weave pachayo.
Kuwedzera kune kunaka kwekunzwa uye kunamatira kwayo, iyo gluing mode ine simba guru pane simba rehuni gluing. Mutafura. 1 maitiro ekumisikidza ekunamira mabhandi anopihwa.
| Operations | Tembiricha yemusangano, madhigirii | Glue concentration | Period usati wadzvanya, min | Kudzvanywa, kg/cm2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gluing slats | 25 | 25-30 | 2 | 4-5 |
| Gluing kubatana ne wedges | 25-30 | 30-33 | 3 | 8-10 |
| Veneering uye gluing yezvinhu | 30 | 32-40 | – | 8-10 |
| Veneering neveneer yakaonda | 25-30 | 35-40 | 8-15 | 6-8 |
Muimba iyo gluing inoitwa, kutonhora hakufaniri kunge kwakaderera kupfuura25oC. Drafts uye dhizaini yemhepo inotonhora yakagadzirwa nemichina yekumhanya-mhanya yemapuranga iri pedyo inofanira kudziviswa. Kuderedza kutonhora kwezviso zvekunamirwa kunogona kukonzera kuderera kwesimba rekubatana kwekubatana.
Preheating zvinhu zvinonamirwa kunovandudza gluing maitiro.
Kupokana kweiyo yakajairwa anti-kuora (mildew) inonamira mhinduro kune25oC inokwana mazuva mana emhando yakanakisa yepfupa weave, mazuva matatu emhando dzeI, II uye III. Kupokana kweiyo yakajairwa mhinduro yeganda tishu ndeyemazuva mana uye yemhando yepamusoro I mazuva matatu, mazuva mashanu erudzi II - mazuva mana, uye yerudzi III mazuva mashanu pane tembiricha.25o.
Iko kusimba kwekupedzisira kwekugera kwemasampuli akanamirwa ndeyekuruka kweganda, kweakanakisa uye yemhando yekutanga.100 kg/cm2, yerudzi rwechipiri75 kg/cm2uye yerudzi III60 kg/cm2. Kune mwongo wepfupa, iyo yekupedzisira kugera simba re glued samples ndeye yakanakisa mhando90 kg/cm2, nokuda kwandinonyora80 kg/cm2, yerudzi rwechipiri55uye III45 kg/cm2.
Casein glue
Powdered casein glue musanganiswa we casein, slaked lime, mineral salts (sodium fluoride, soda, copper sulfate, nezvimwewo) uye petroleum. Inoshandiswa kunama zvinhu zvemapuranga, huni uye machira, kadhibhodhi, nezvimwewo Zvinoenderana nemhando yezvinhu zvakakosha uye nzira yekugadzira, kune marudzi maviri ecasin glue: yakawedzera (B-107) uye zvakajairika (OB).
Iyi glue inofanira kuva nechitarisiko chehomogeneous poda isina tsvina yekunze, zvipembenene, maruva uye zvinyorwa zvehutu uye haifaniri kunhuhwirira kuora. Kana yasanganiswa1chikamu chinorema chenamo iyi i2,1zvikamu kuburikidza nehuremu hwemvura muawa imwe chete patembiricha15-20oC, mhinduro ine homogeneous inowanikwa, iyo isina mapundu uye iyo yakakodzera gluing.
Kana gluing zvivakwa zveinjiniya, zvinoshanda mumamiriro ediki tembiricha mutsauko uye hunyoro hushoma, Portland simende brand inowedzerwa kune iyi glue.400(kusvika pakurema75%yehuremu hwehupfu) kuitira kuti iwedzere kumira kwayo kumvura uye kuderedza mutengo wayo. Pacasin glue, kugona kwayo kunamatira kunokosha zvikuru, ndiko kuti, nguva iyo inoramba yakanamatira, iyo inofadza basa rinoshanda. Mhinduro yeglue iyi, iyo yekuwedzera mhando inodiwa gare gare24kuitira kuti ive nechitarisiko che elastiki pictic mass, iyo OB yemhando glue mhinduro inofanirwa kuve nekushanda kwekunamira kweinenge.4awa mushure mayo yakasanganiswa nemvura.
Simba remuganho rekubatanidza madota nemuoki rinofanira kunge riri shoma100 kg/cm2yemhando yeglue yakawedzera, kana yakaedzwa munzvimbo yakaoma,70 kg/cm2 - mushure24maawa ekunyudzwa mumvura; yemhando OB -70 kg/cm2pakaedzwa pakaoma i50 kg/cm2mushure24maawa ekunyudzwa mumvura. Kuedzwa kwezviratidzo zvemhando yeglue iyi kunoitwa mumarabhoritari.
Kana uchinamatidza necasein glues, kumanikidzwa mumashina kunotangira kubva2ku15 kg/cm2zvinoenderana nerudzi rwebasa rinoitirwa chinhu.
Kana guruu iri riine dombo kana caustic soda, harifanirwe kushandiswa kunama idzo mhando dzehuni dzine tannin mukuumbwa kwayo, semuouki.
Synthetic adhesives
Synthetic adhesives inopokana zvachose nemvura. Phenolformaldehyde glues emhando inotonhora yepolymerization KB anonyanya kushandiswa -3uye B-3. Mukuumbwa kweB -3pane10zvikamu resin B, chikamu chimwe chakaonda uye2zvikamu zvekuzadza kwekuporesa.
Phenolformaldehyde adhesives akagadzirirwa sezvinotevera: resin B inoiswa muhuwandu hwakatarwa mumudziyo wekuvhenganisa tin uko tembiricha inochengetwa.15-20oC, ipapo diluent inowedzerwa uye zvishoma nezvishoma inosanganiswa kusvikira kuumbwa kwehomogeneous kunowanikwa. Mushure meizvi, iyo inoporesa filler inowedzerwa uye inosanganiswa10-15 minuta. Glue yakagadzirwa nenzira iyi inofanira kuchengetwa mufiriji, iyo chaizvoizvo mudziyo unopfuura nawo mvura inoyerera. Kune gluing huni, carbamide glues anoshandiswawo, icho chikuru chikamu chiri carbamide resin, iyo inowanikwa kubva ku synthetic carbamide uye formaldehyde. Kana uchinamatidza neglue idzi, huni hunofanirwa kunge huine hunyoro hwepamusoro12%. Pamusoro weti-formaldehyde glues, glue K- inofanira kusimbiswa.7, inosanganisira resin MF-17, Hardener,10%oxalic acid mhinduro (kubva7,5ku14zvikamu nehuremu) uye hupfu hwehuni.
Panyaya dzine hukama, ona zvivakwa zvehuni, hunyoro hwehuni uye kuomesa huni. Kana uri kuronga majoini matsva, sangana nemahwindo emapuranga etsika kana kutumira chikumbiro chekotesheni.