Muti chinhu chinogoneka uye chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, chine maapplication kubva pakuvaka nekugadzira fenicha kusvika kumabasa emawoko nekuita zvehunyanzvi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya hunhu hwehuni hunyoro hwayo. Hunyoro hwehuni hunoita basa rakakosha pakuona kusimba, kusimba uye kukodzera kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Huni hunyoro hunoreva huwandu hwemvura huripo mumaserura ayo. Inowanzotaridzwa sechikamu chehuremu hwehuni hunoenderana nehuremu hwemvura hurimo. Hunyoro hunyoro chinhu chine simba chinoshanduka zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, senge hunyoro hwemhepo uye tembiricha.
Mvura mune chimiro chehuni
Mvura inowanikwa muhuni inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu: mvura yemahara, mvura yemahara uye mvura yakasungwa nemakemikari. Iyo inonyanya kukuvadza pahuni imvura yakasununguka, iyo inofamba nemidziyo yehuni yakawanda uye kune yakawanda muhuni seine cavities. Mvura yeAthesion imvura yakasungwa mumuviri, iyo inoumba huni hwehuni. Mvura yakasungwa nemakemikari chikamu chemasero anoumba huni. Panguva yekuomeswa, mvura yemahara inotanga kubuda, ipapo mvura yeathesion. Mvura yakasungwa nekemikari haibviswe muhuni nekuomesa.
Huni mukuvaka
Huwandu hwemvura muhuni hunofanirwa kudzorwa isati yashandiswa pakuvaka. Huni ine humidity yakakwirira inokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwefungi uye kuora, izvo zvinotyisidzira kuvimbika kwechivako. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, huni inofanira kuomeswa. Zvichienderana nekushandiswa uye nzvimbo iyo huni huchawanikwa, hunyoro hwehuni hutsva hunofanira kuderedzwa kusvika kune zvakakosha. Kuomesa kunonatsiridza hunhu hwehuni hwehuni uye hwemagetsi, hwakadai se: kuvandudza hunhu hwekudzivirira kupisa uye kunamatira nemanamira, kuwedzera simba uye kuramba kuora, kuderedza kufambiswa kwemagetsi, kushandiswa kuri nyore kwezvikamu zvekudzivirira.
Kuomeswa kwehuni kunogona kuitwa zvechisikigo kana zvekugadzira. Kuomeswa kwehuni inowanikwa nekuturika huni mumawinji munzvimbo yakavhurika kana yakavharwa. Iyi inzira yehupfumi nokuti haidi kushandiswa kwesimba rakawedzerwa, asi nokuda kwechikonzero chimwe chete inononoka, inoda nzvimbo yakawanda yekusununguka uye injodzi yemoto. Nenzira iyi yekuomesa, unogona kuwana huni ne 15 % humidity, uye nguva yakareba sei ichaomeswa inobva pahupamhi hwehuni (kubva kumavhiki mashomanana kusvika kune gore nehafu). Artificial kuomeswa kunoitwa mumatanda anoomesa, nguva nenguva kana kuramba, neakasikwa kana kumanikidzirwa kutenderera kwemhepo uye mvura mhute. Huni dzinotanga kudziidzwa nechitsipa patembiricha ye 70–80 °C, yozoomeswa nemhepo yakaoma patembiricha ye 50–60 °C.
Mamiriro akakodzera ekupedzisira ehuni anoenderana nehunyoro hwemhepo yakapoteredza, pamwe nekupisa kwayo, sezvo huni iine hygroscopic zvinhu - inogona kusunungura kana kugamuchira mvura kubva kumhepo yakapoteredza kusvikira kuenzana, i.e. hygroscopic hunyoro hwasvika. Equilibrium hunyoro hunyoro hunoitika nekuda kwekugara kwenguva refu kwehuni kumhepo. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ayo chimiro chehuni chichave chiripo, hunyoro hwehuni hunofanira kuva: 6-12% kune zvivako munzvimbo dzinopisa; 9-15% yezvivakwa munzvimbo dzakavharwa, dzisina kupisa; 12-22% yezvimiro munzvimbo yekunze; 30% yezvimiro zviri mumvura.
Kudonha uye kuzvimba
Wood ine - kazhinji isingaite - pfuma yekudzikisa huwandu hwayo kana ichioma, nekudaro ichiderera. Shrinkage inotanga pakarepo kana hunyoro hwehuni husina kukwana kuchengetedza fiber iyo saturation inobva 25% kusvika 30% yemvura; nekuwedzera kuderera kwehunyoro, huwandu hwehuni hunodererawo. Kukohwa kwehuni kwakasiyana mumativi matatu makuru; ndiyo hombe mugwara tangential kune fiber, idiki (nehafu yezvakawanda) munzira yeradial, uye ndiyo yakanyanya kudiki kana kuita isingakoshi inofanana nemafibhi.
Kuitira kudzikamisa shanduko yehuwandu hwezvinhu panguva yekushandiswa, shanduko dzakachinjika kune fiber dzinodzivirirwa nekunamira imwe huni ine transversely yakaiswa fiber. Kupatsanurwa kwehuni hwehunyanzvi kunoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana (huni dzakabatanidzwa semapuranga-mabhodhi, mapuranga emapuranga, akaiswa matanda ehuni). Mukuwedzera, kuchinja kwevhoriyamu kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika pamwero mukuru kana muduku kana huni hwakachengetedzwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kunyura kwemvura, pamwe chete ne bituminous uye mamwe machira.
Iyo inopesana ne shrinkage ndiko kuzvimba kwehuni - kuwedzera kwemitsara mitsetse uye huwandu hwehuni hwehuni nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehunyoro. Kuzvimba kunokuvadza kune marudzi ose ehuni, uye munyaya iyi zvakakosha kusimbisa kukanganisa kwekuputika pa parquet. Kuzvimba kunokonzera deformation uye kukanganisa kwehuni nenzira yakakotama kana yakamonyoroka. Izvi zvinokuvadza zvakaenzana kutaridzika kwekunaka uye kuchengetedzwa kweparquet - machira ekupedzisira ehuni anoparadzaniswa uye akatsemuka. Mukuwedzera pakukanganisa maitiro akajeka eparquet, kuzvimba kunoderedza simba rehuni, zvichiita kuti chigadziro chive chisina simba uye kuwedzera kukanganisa kwekuputsika.
Kunzwisisa nekudzora hunyoro hwehuni kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chemhando uye hupenyu hurefu hwezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kubva kune ino chiwanikwa. Ungave uri muvezi, muvaki kana munhu anofarira zvekuzvivaraidza nazvo, nzira ine hunyoro yehunyoro uye kushandisa nzira dzekuyera dzakakodzera zvinozobatsira mukubudirira kwemapurojekiti ako uye kusimba kwese kweindasitiri yehuni.
Kana huni dzakatsiga uye dzakaomeswa zvakanaka dzakakosha kwauri, tarisa mahwindo emapuranga, mahwindo ehuni-aruminiyamu wokumbira kupa.