Adhesives da tsarin haɗin su

Manne da ake amfani da shi don manne itace dole ne ya kasance mai ƙarfi a cikin ruwa, mai jure kamuwa da cututtukan fungal kuma dole ne ya sami ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da suka samar. Wannan ƙarfin dole ne ya haura zuwa iyakar ƙarfin juzu’i na itacen da ake mannawa.

Rarraba adhesives bisa ga asali

Dangane da asalinsu, adhesives sun kasu kashi uku:

1. dabba, wanda aka yi daga sunadarai na asalin dabba (madara, jini, kashi da fata daga dabbobi). Wannan rukunin ya haɗa da kashi (tutkalo), fata, albumin da manne na casein;
2. na ganye, wanda aka yi daga sitaci da sunadaran shuka (kwayoyin wake, vetiver, yisti waken soya, tsaba sunflower, da sauransu). Sitaci manne shima na wannan group ne;
3. roba, samu chemically daga phenol, formaldehyde da carbamide.

Kwanciyar hankali a cikin ruwa da hali a yanayin zafi

Adhesives sun kasu kashi-kashi mai ƙarfi a cikin ruwa, barga a cikin ruwa da rashin kwanciyar hankali a cikin ruwa. Abubuwan da ke jure ruwa sosai suna jure wa tasirin ruwa a yanayin zafi100oC ba tare da babban raguwa a cikin ƙarfin mannewa (phenol-formaldehyde adhesives). Adhesives mai jure ruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ruwa tare da zafin jiki18ku20oC gabaɗaya baya rage ƙarfin mannewa sosai (rea resins da albumen adhesives). Adhesives maras ƙarfi a cikin ruwa suna rasa ƙarfin mannewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ruwa (kashi, fata, casein-ammonia). Hakanan an raba mannewa zuwa thermoreactive ko wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba da thermoplastic ko mai juyawa. Thermoreactive adhesives suna juya ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafin jiki zuwa wani abu mai wuya, maras narkewa kuma maras iya jurewa (urea da melarnine resin). A ƙarƙashin rinjayar zafi, thermoplastic adhesives narke, kuma bayan sanyaya sun taurare kuma ba sa canza yanayin sinadarai (kashi da fata). Ana amfani da adhesives na thermoplastic, musamman manne kafinta da mannen fata. Don samar da plywood mai jure ruwa, ana amfani da adhesives na thermoreactive.

ingancin manne kafinta

An ƙaddara ingancin manne kafinta ta hanyar solubility, wettability, kumburi, colloidity, ikon kumfa, taurare, putrefy, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da ƙarfin mannewa.

Shirye-shirye da ajiyar kayan aikin kafinta

Solubility na manne yana ƙaddara ta yanayin zafi na ruwa. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa25oC manne baya narke. Sabili da haka, kumburin busassun tabarmi a cikin tayal da ma’aunin ma’aunin kifi za a iya aiwatar da shi ne kawai a yanayin zafi a sama25oC. Sama70-80oC bai kamata ku dumama kullu ba. Yanayin zafi na masana’anta kada ya kasance a sama15-17%, don haka ana adana shi a busassun wurare masu kyau. An ji da ɗanshi ya ƙare20%yana saurin lalacewa (rube) kuma ya rasa ikon tsayawa. An ƙayyade abun ciki na ɓangaren litattafan almara kamar yadda danshi na itace. Gilashin kafinta yana da hygroscopic sosai. Yana iya sha ruwa10-15sau da nauyi. Hanyar yin ta ta dogara ne akan wannan siffa ta tutkal. Batter a cikin tayal, sanya shi a cikin akwati mai tsabta, an zuba shi da ruwan zãfi a dakin da zafin jiki25-30oC kuma don haka ana kiyaye shi har zuwa yau10-12hours. A wannan lokacin, kullu yana ɗaukar iyakar adadin ruwan da ake buƙata don shirye-shiryensa. Ana sanya wannan kullu mai kumbura a cikin wani jirgin ruwa tare da ƙasa mai ninki biyu kuma yana mai zafi zuwa zafin jiki70  -80oC. Idan kumfa mai yawa ya samo asali a lokacin dumama, ya kamata a dafa kullu5-10 minuta sannan a cire kumfa. Duk da haka, bai kamata a bar kullu ya tafasa ba, saboda yana rasa danko da mannewa. Rubewa (rubewa) yana ɗaya daga cikin munanan halaye na ɓangaren litattafan almara na itace. Sabili da haka, kullu da aka shirya ya kamata a kiyaye shi a dakin da zafin jiki5-10oC don kada ya lalace. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman kaddarorin kullin kafinta shine ikonsa na canzawa zuwa yanayin hoto. Kakin zuma mai girma yana shiga cikin yanayin hoto a yanayin zafi mafi girma fiye da kakin zuma mai ƙarancin hankali. Saƙa masu kyau suna canzawa da rauni ko kaɗan zuwa yanayin hoto. Irin wannan manne ba su dace da ingancin gluing na itace ba. Mahimman kayan da aka narkar da manne, mai mannewa, ya dogara da matakin maida hankali. An ƙaddara matakin ƙaddamarwa ta hanyar adadin ruwa a cikin maganin manne.

Kimanta ingancin haɗin gwiwa da yanayin gluing

Halin daɗaɗɗen shinge na daidaitattun bututun gwaji yana ƙayyade ingancin haɗin katako. Idan aka yi shelar a kan itacen, to, ingancin mannewa shi ne mafi kyau, idan a kan itacen da a saƙa ne, ingancin ya fi muni, kuma mafi muni shi ne idan an yi shi a kan saƙar da kanta. Bugu da ƙari ga ingancin ji da kuma mannewa, yanayin gluing yana da tasiri mai girma akan ƙarfin katako na katako. A cikin tebur.1An ba da hanyoyin daidaitawa na haɗin gwiwa.

A cikin dakin da ake yin gluing, zafin jiki bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa ba25oC. Ya kamata a guje wa zane-zane da igiyoyin iska mai sanyi waɗanda injinan aikin katako masu sauri suka ƙirƙira a kusa. Rage yawan zafin jiki na saman da za a liƙa na iya haifar da raguwar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa.

Preheating abubuwan da za a manna suna inganta aikin gluing.

Juriya na daidaitaccen maganin rotting (mildew) manne ga25oC ya kai kwanaki hudu don mafi kyawun nau’in saƙar kashi, kwana uku don nau’ikan I, II da III. Juriya na daidaitaccen maganin ƙwayar fata shine kwana huɗu kuma don mafi kyawun nau’in I kwana uku, kwana biyar don nau’in II - kwana huɗu, kuma na nau’in III na kwana biyar a zazzabi na25o.

Ƙarfin ƙira na samfuran manne shine don saƙar fata, don mafi kyau da kuma nau’in 1st.100 kg/ cm2, don nau’in II75 kg/ cm2kuma ga nau’in III60 kg/ cm2. Don kasusuwan kasusuwa, iyakar ƙarfin ƙarfi na samfurori masu mannewa shine mafi kyawun nau’in90 kg/ cm2, don nau’in nau’in80 kg/ cm2, don nau’in II55kuma na III45 kg/ cm2.

Casein manne

Foda casein manne shi ne cakuda casein, slaked lemun tsami, ma’adinai salts (sodium fluoride, soda, jan karfe sulfate, da dai sauransu) da kuma man fetur. Ana amfani da shi don manna abubuwa na katako, itace da yadudduka, kwali, da dai sauransu. Dangane da ingancin kayan aiki da kuma hanyar samarwa, akwai nau’i biyu na manne casein: karin (B-107) da talakawa (OB).

Dole ne wannan manne ya kasance yana da kamannin foda mai kama da juna ba tare da ƙazanta na waje ba, kwari, tsutsa da burbushin mold kuma dole ne kada ya wari ruɓe. Idan aka gauraye1juzu’in nauyin wannan manne i2,1sassa da nauyin ruwa a cikin sa’a daya a zazzabi15-20oC, an samo bayani mai kama da juna, wanda ba ya ƙunshi lumps kuma wanda ya dace da gluing.

Lokacin gluing gine-ginen injiniya, waɗanda ke aiki cikin yanayin ƙananan bambance-bambancen zafin jiki da ƙarancin zafi, ana ƙara alamar simintin Portland zuwa wannan manne.400(har zuwa nauyi75%na nauyin foda) domin kara karfin juriya ga ruwa da rage farashinsa. Don manne na casein, ikonsa na mannewa yana da mahimmanci, wato, lokacin da yake riƙe da mannewa, wanda ya dace da aiki mai amfani. Maganin wannan manne, ana buƙatar ƙarin nau’in daga baya24don samun bayyanar wani nau’in hoto na roba, nau’in OB nau’in manne bayani yakamata ya sami manne mai aiki na aƙalla.4awa bayan an hada shi da ruwa.

Iyakar ƙarfin haɗin haɗin ash da itacen oak yakamata ya zama aƙalla100 kg/ cm2ga nau’in manne da ƙari, lokacin da aka gwada shi a cikin yanayin bushewa,70 kg/ cm2 - bayan24sa’o’i na nutsewa cikin ruwa; don nau’in OB -70 kg/ cm2idan aka gwada a busasshen yanayi i50 kg/ cm2bayan24sa’o’i na nutsewa cikin ruwa. Ana yin gwajin alamun ingancin wannan manne a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje.

Lokacin manne tare da manne na casein, matsa lamba a cikin latsawa yana fitowa daga2ku15 kg/ cm2bisa ga nau’in aikin da ake nufi da kashi.

Lokacin da wannan manne ya ƙunshi dutse ko soda soda, bai kamata a yi amfani da shi don manna nau’ikan itacen da ke da tannin a cikin abun da ke ciki ba, kamar itacen oak.

Adhesives na roba

Roba adhesives ne gaba daya jure ruwa. Ana amfani da manne Phenolformaldehyde na nau’in polymerization mai sanyi KB -3da B-3. A cikin abun da ke ciki na B -3akwai10sassa guduro B, kashi daya siriri da2sassa na cika don warkewa.

An shirya adhesives na Phenolformaldehyde kamar haka: ana sanya resin B a cikin ƙayyadadden adadin a cikin jirgin ruwan gwangwani inda ake kiyaye zafin jiki.15-20oC, sa’an nan kuma a kara narkar da narkar da kuma a haɗe a hankali har sai an sami wani abu mai kama da juna. Bayan wannan, ana ƙara filler ɗin warkewa kuma an haɗe shi10-15 mciki. Ya kamata a adana manne da aka yi ta wannan hanyar a cikin firiji, wanda a zahiri jirgin ruwa ne wanda ruwan gudu ke wucewa. Don gluing itace, ana kuma amfani da mannen carbamide, babban abin da ke cikinsa shine resin carbamide, wanda aka samo daga carbamide na roba da formaldehyde. Lokacin gluing tare da waɗannan manne, itace dole ne ya sami zafi mafi girma12%. Daga cikin mannen fitsari-formaldehyde, manne K- yakamata a haskaka.7, wanda ya ƙunshi resin MF-17, mai tauri,10%Maganin oxalic acid (daga7,5ku14sassa da nauyin nauyi) da kuma fulawar itace.

Don batutuwa masu alaƙa, duba kayan itace, danshi na itace da bushewar itace na halitta. Idan kuna shirin sabon haɗin gwiwa, saduwa da gilashin katako na al’ada ko aika buƙatun magana.