Cov nplaum siv rau gluing ntoo yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj khov txaus hauv dej, tiv thaiv kab mob fungal thiab yuav tsum muaj lub zog siab ntawm kev sib koom ua ke lawv tsim. Lub zog no yuav tsum nce mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lub zog shear ntawm cov ntoo uas tau nplaum.
Division of adhesives raws li keeb kwm
Raws li lawv lub hauv paus chiv keeb, cov nplaum tau muab faib ua peb pawg:
- tsiaj, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov proteins ntawm tsiaj keeb kwm (mis nyuj, ntshav, pob txha thiab tawv nqaij los ntawm tsiaj). Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov pob txha (tutkalo), tawv, albumin thiab casein glues;
- tshuaj ntsuab, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov nroj tsuag cov proteins (cov noob taum, vetiver, kua poov xab, noob paj noob hlis, thiab lwm yam). Starch kua nplaum kuj belongs rau pawg no;
- hluavtaws, tau tshuaj los ntawm phenol, formaldehyde thiab carbamide.
Kev ruaj ntseg hauv dej thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Adhesives muab faib ua cov dej ruaj khov heev, ruaj khov hauv dej thiab tsis ruaj khov hauv dej. Cov nplaum ruaj khov heev hauv dej tiv taus qhov kev txiav txim ntawm dej nrog qhov kub thiab txias100oC yam tsis muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov nplaum nplaum (phenol-formaldehyde adhesives). Water-resistant adhesives nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov dej nrog kub18rau20oC feem ntau tsis txo qis lub zog nplaum (urea resins thiab albumin nplaum). Adhesives tsis ruaj khov nyob rau hauv dej poob lawv cov nplaum lub zog nyob rau hauv cov dej (pob txha, tawv, casein-ammonia). Glues kuj muab faib ua thermoreactive lossis irreversible thiab thermoplastic los yog thim rov qab. Thermoreactive adhesives tig los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau hauv ib qho nyuaj, insoluble thiab irreversible tshuaj (carbamide thiab melarnine resin). Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm tshav kub, thermoplastic adhesives yaj, thiab tom qab txias lawv harden thiab tsis hloov lawv cov tshuaj xwm (pob txha thiab daim tawv nqaij). Thermoplastic adhesives feem ntau yog siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nplaum nplaum thiab tawv tawv. Rau kev tsim cov dej-resistant plywood, thermoreactive adhesives yog siv.
Tus Neeg Ntoo Cov kua nplaum zoo
Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntoo ua kua nplaum yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov solubility, ntub dej, o, colloidity, muaj peev xwm ua npuas ncauj, tawv, putrefy, sib txuas lub zog thiab nplaum lub zog.
Kev npaj thiab khaws cov kws ntoo daim kab xev
Lub solubility ntawm cov kua nplaum yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov dej. Thaum kub hauv qab 25oC, cov kua nplaum tsis yaj. Yog li ntawd, qhov o ntawm qhuav putty nyob rau hauv cov vuas thiab ntses nplai putty tsuas yog ua tau ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 25oC. Saum toj no 70 - 80oC, lub khob noom cookie yuav tsum tsis txhob rhuab.
Cov av noo ntawm qhov xav yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 15 - 17%, yog li nws tau muab cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav nrog qhov cua zoo. Felt nrog noo noo tshaj 20% sai sai deteriorates (rots) thiab poob nws lub peev xwm nplaum. Cov dej noo ntawm cov pulp yog txiav txim siab tib yam li cov ntsiab lus noo ntawm cov ntoo.
Carpenter’s putty yog hygroscopic heev. Nws tuaj yeem nqus dej 10 - 15 zaug nws qhov hnyav. Tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua nws yog raws li no feature ntawm tutkal. Lub batter nyob rau hauv cov vuas, muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv huv, yog nchuav nrog boiled dej ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 25 - 30 oC thiab yog li khaws cia rau 10 - 12 teev. Lub sijhawm no, lub khob noom cookie absorbs qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej uas xav tau rau nws qhov kev npaj. Lub khob noom cookie, o nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, muab tso rau hauv ib lub nkoj nrog ob sab hauv qab thiab rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm 70 - 80 oC. Yog tias ntau cov ntaub ntawv ua npuas ncauj rau saum npoo thaum cua sov, lub khob noom cookie yuav tsum tau boil rau 5 -10 m feeb thiab ces cov npuas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, lub khob noom cookie yuav tsum tsis txhob raug tso cai rau boil, vim nws poob nws viscosity thiab adhesiveness.
Rotting (spoilage) yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo ntawm cov ntoo pulp. Yog li ntawd, lub khob noom cookie npaj yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm qhov kub ntawm 5 - 10 oC kom nws tsis lwj. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws ntoo lub pob caus yog nws lub peev xwm hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev pictous. High-concentration wax mus rau hauv lub xeev pictous ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj qhov qis-concentration ciab. Zoo heev weaves hloov tsis muaj zog los yog tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub pictial xeev. Xws li cov nplaum tsis haum rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov ntoo. Cov cuab yeej yooj yim ntawm cov kua nplaum yaj, nplaum, nyob ntawm seb nws cov concentration. Lub degree ntawm concentration yog txiav txim los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv lub putty tov.
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev sib koom ua ke zoo thiab kev sib koom ua ke
Qhov ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem kuaj cov raj txiav txim siab qhov zoo ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntoo. Yog hais tias lub shearing yog ua tiav ntawm cov ntoo, ces qhov zoo ntawm gluing yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yog tias nws yog nyob rau ntawm ntoo thiab ntawm lub weave, qhov zoo yog phem, thiab qhov phem tshaj yog hais tias lub shearing yog ua nyob rau hauv lub weave nws tus kheej.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm kev xav thiab nws cov nplaum, hom gluing muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub zog ntawm cov ntoo gluing. Hauv lub rooj.1hom kev taw qhia ntawm cov nplaum nplaum yog muab.
| Kev ua haujlwm | Rhiav kub, degrees | Kua nplaum concentration | Lub sij hawm ua ntej nias, min | Siab, kg / cm2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gluing ntawm slats | 25 | 25-30 | 2 | 4-5 |
| Gluing kev sib txuas nrog wedges | 25-30 | 30-33 | 3 | 8-10 |
| Veneering thiab gluing ntawm cov khoom | 30 | 32-40 | – | 8-10 |
| Veneering nrog nyias veneer | 25-30 | 35-40 | 8-15 | 6-8 |
Nyob rau hauv chav tsev qhov twg gluing yog ua, qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua25oC ua. Cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv sau cua txias tsim los ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm siab ceev uas nyob ze yuav tsum zam. Kev txo qis ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau glued tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis hauv lub zog ntawm kev sib koom ua ke.
Preheating cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau glued txhim kho cov txheej txheem gluing.
Qhov tsis kam ntawm tus qauv los tiv thaiv rotting (mildew) nplaum tov rau25oC suav rau plaub hnub rau hom pob txha zoo tshaj plaws, peb hnub rau hom I, II thiab III. Qhov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov qauv kev daws teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij yog plaub hnub thiab rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws hom I peb hnub, tsib hnub rau hom II - plaub hnub, thiab rau hom III tsib hnub ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.25o.
Qhov kawg shear lub zog ntawm cov qauv glued yog rau cov tawv weave, rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab rau hom 1100 kg/cm2, rau hom II75 kg/cm2thiab rau hom III60 kg/cm2. Rau cov pob txha pob txha, qhov kawg shear zog ntawm cov qauv glued yog rau hom zoo tshaj plaws90 kg/cm2, rau qhov kuv ntaus80 kg/cm2, rau hom II55thiab rau III45 kg/cm2.
Casein kua nplaum
Cov hmoov casein kua nplaum yog cov sib xyaw ntawm casein, slaked txiv qaub, ntxhia ntsev (sodium fluoride, dej qab zib, tooj liab sulfate, thiab lwm yam) thiab roj av. Nws yog siv los ua cov nplaum ntoo, ntoo thiab cov ntaub, cov duab los qhia, thiab lwm yam. Raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim, muaj ob hom casein kua nplaum: ntxiv (B-107) and normal (OB).
Cov kua nplaum no yuav tsum muaj qhov pom ntawm homogeneous hmoov yam tsis muaj impurities txawv teb chaws, kab, larvae thiab kab ntawm pwm thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog rot. Thaum sib tov1qhov hnyav feem ntawm cov kua nplaum no i2,1qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov dej hauv ib teev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias15-20oC, ib homogeneous tov yog tau, uas tsis muaj lumps thiab uas yog haum rau gluing.
Thaum gluing engineering kev tsim kho, uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov sib txawv me me thiab cov av noo tsawg, Portland cement hom yog ntxiv rau cov kua nplaum no.400(mus txog qhov hnyav75%ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov hmoov) txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom nws cov dej tsis kam thiab txo nws cov nqi. Rau casein kua nplaum, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog, lub sijhawm uas nws khaws nws cov nplaum, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev ua haujlwm. Kev daws ntawm cov kua nplaum no, cov khoom ntxiv yog xav tau tom qab24Txhawm rau kom muaj qhov pom ntawm elastic pictic huab hwm coj, OB hom kua nplaum yuav tsum muaj qhov ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tsawg kawg.4teev tom qab nws tov nrog dej.
Qhov txwv lub zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov ntoo tshauv thiab ntoo qhib yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg100 kg/cm2rau hom kua nplaum ntxiv, thaum kuaj hauv lub xeev qhuav,70 kg/cm2 - tom qab24xuab moos ntawm immersion nyob rau hauv dej; type OB -70 kg/cm2thaum kuaj hauv lub xeev qhuav i50 kg/cm2tom qab24xuab moos ntawm immersion nyob rau hauv dej. Kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov kua nplaum no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam.
Thaum gluing nrog casein glues, lub siab nyob rau hauv presses ranges ntawm2rau15 kg/cm2raws li hom kev ua haujlwm uas lub ntsiab yog npaj.
Thaum cov kua nplaum no muaj cov pob zeb lossis cov dej qab zib caustic, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los nplaum cov ntoo uas muaj tannin hauv lawv cov khoom, xws li ntoo qhib.
Synthetic adhesives
Synthetic adhesives yog resistant rau dej. Phenolformaldehyde glues ntawm txias polymerization hom KB feem ntau yog siv -3thiab B-3. Nyob rau hauv lub composition ntawm B -3muaj10qhov chaw cob B, ib feem thinner thiab2qhov chaw ntawm lub filling rau curing.
Phenolformaldehyde adhesives yog npaj raws li nram no: cob B yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug npaum li cas ntawm cov tin tov khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug tin tov khoom uas qhov kub thiab txias.15-20oC, ces cov diluent ntxiv thiab maj mam sib tov kom txog thaum ib homogeneous muaj pes tsawg leeg tau txais. Tom qab ntawd, lub curing muab tub lim yog ntxiv thiab sib tov10-15 minuta. Cov kua nplaum ua rau hauv txoj kev no yuav tsum tau muab cia rau hauv lub tub yees, uas yog lub nkoj uas cov dej ntws hla. Rau gluing ntoo, carbamide gluing kuj tseem siv, lub ntsiab feem ntawm uas yog carbamide resin, uas yog tau los ntawm hluavtaws carbamide thiab formaldehyde. Thaum gluing nrog cov kua nplaum no, cov ntoo yuav tsum muaj cov av noo siab tshaj plaws12%. Ntawm cov zis-formaldehyde kua nplaum, kua nplaum K- yuav tsum tau qhia.7, muaj cov resin MF-17, hardener,10%oxalic acid daws (los ntawm7,5rau14qhov chaw los ntawm qhov hnyav) thiab ntoo hmoov fillers.
Rau cov ncauj lus ntsig txog, saib ntoo khoom, ntoo ya raws thiab natural wood drying. Yog tias koj tab tom npaj kev koom tes tshiab, ntsib kev cai ntoo qhov rais lossis xa ib daim ntawv thov rau kev tsocai.