Namuhla, i-Savo Kusić igxile emafasiteleni okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amafasitela ngokwezifiso, umnyango kanye nezicelo zekhotheshini. Lo mbhalo uhlala njengengobo yomlando yokufakwa kwekhaya futhi awusona isithembiso sokudizayina, ukwenza noma ukusevisa isistimu yokushisisa.
Ukushisisa okuphakathi noma phansi
Uma i-boiler itholakala ngokuphawulekayo ngaphansi kwezinto zokushisa (isb. endaweni engaphansi), khona-ke iyisistimu yokushisisa emaphakathi, futhi uma izakhi zokushisa kanye ne-boiler zisezingeni elifanayo, kusho ukuthi ukushisa phansi.
Kunezixazululo ezimbili zamapayipi zokushisisa okuphakathi. Okuzosetshenziswa esimweni esinikeziwe, kuncike ngokuyinhloko kumlingiswa wesakhiwo (ifulethi).
Uhlelo olunokusabalalisa okuphansi
Okwesistimu ye-gravity enokuhlelwa okuphansi, imigqa yokusabalalisa ngamanzi ashisayo avela kubhayela kanye neqoqo - imigqa yokubuyisela ngamanzi apholile futhi aqoqwe kusuka kurediyetha kuya kubhayela ixhunywe kuma-radiator ukusuka ohlangothini olungezansi (fig. 1). Imigqa yokusabalalisa neyokubuyisela ebheke endaweni ekude kakhulu yokushisa iphakama ngokulinganayo ukuze lapho ugcwalisa imigqa, wonke umoya uphoqeleka ukuphuma emapayipini. I-engeli yokuthambekela kokuphakama kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-3-5% (imitha ngayinye yokugijima 3-5 mm). Ngalolu hlelo, ekuxhumekeni komuntu ngamunye ku-radiator, kufanele kube eduze kwe-valve yokulawula, noma. ukuvalwa, kanye nevalve ehlukile noma kampompi ukuze ukhulule umoya. Lapho ugcwalisa uhlelo, wonke ama-valve kufanele avulwe ngawodwana ukuze kudedelwe umoya kuzo zonke izindawo. Kulezi zimo, isitsha esikhulu (ibhakede) kufanele sibekwe ngaphansi kompompi bezikhala futhi umpompi kufanele uvalwe kuphela uma amanzi evuza ngaphandle komoya.
Ezitshalweni ezinkulu, ama-valve okukhipha umoya athathelwe indawo imigqa emincane yamapayipi ephumayo (3/8’’). Kodwa-ke, ngezitshalo ezincane lokhu akudingekile, kungadala umsebenzi nezindleko ezingadingekile. Ukuhlelwa okuphansi kungenziwa ngokuyinhloko lapho indawo engaphansi idlulela ngaphansi kwefulethi lonke, noma kukhona ithuba lokwenza iziteshi zamapayipi ngaphandle kokuphakamisa phansi (isibonelo, lapho isakhiwo sisakhiwa).
Ithangi lokunweba (fig. 1, d) liyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu eyengeziwe yemishini yokushisisa. Umkhumbi wokunweba uhlale uyindawo ephakeme kakhulu yesitshalo. Umsebenzi womkhumbi wokunweba uwukuthola amanzi engeziwe adalwe ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lokushisa lapho isistimu ishisa, ukubuyisela lawo manzi ohlelweni lapho isistimu ipholisa (uma ingashiswa). Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu ihlale ishajwa. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umsebenzi we-tank yokwandisa futhi ukukhipha amanzi amaningi ohlelweni ngokusebenzisa ukuchichima, okubangelwa ukugcwala ngokweqile. Ivolumu yomkhumbi wokunweba kufanele ibe 0,06-0,07 mi ingxenye yawo wonke umthamo wesitshalo. Njengoba lolu hlobo lokubala lude, singathatha ukusebenza okushisayo kwesitshalo njengesisekelo sokubala, okungukuthi njalo 1000 kcal/ihora, thatha 2-2,1 ilitha yevolumu yomkhumbi wokunweba. Isibonelo, kusitshalo esingu-15.000 kcal/ihora, 15 x 2 = 30 amalitha angathathwa. Endabeni yesistimu enelungiselelo eliphansi, kuhle ukubeka isitsha sokunweba ekamelweni elilodwa namanzi (isib. yokugezela, indlu yangasese, ikhishi), ngaphansi kophahla. Ngale ndlela, azikho izinyathelo zokunqanda ukuqhwa ezidingekayo, futhi ukuchichima kungaxhunywa kalula epayipini lendle.
Uhlelo oluphezulu lokuhlukanisa
Endabeni yezitshalo ezinohlelo olungenhla (Fig.1, b) amanzi ashisayo afika endaweni engaphansi kwe-attic, ngepayipi lokusabalalisa elibekwe ngaphansi kosilingi noma endaweni eqondile ebizwa ngokuthi izikhuphukeli eziyinhloko. Kusuka epayipini lokusabalalisa, amanzi ehla ezingxenyeni zokushisa ngemigqa yokuphakama, futhi kusukela ezintweni zokushisa, usebenzisa amapayipi okuqoqa, atholakala ngaphansi kwezinto zokushisa, abuyela ku-boiler. Ngalesi sixazululo, amapayipi okusabalalisa ukusuka endaweni yokushisisa ekude kuya kusikhuphukeli esikhulu kufanele abe nokukhuphuka okulinganayo, futhi amapayipi aqoqayo kufanele abe nokuwa okulinganayo ngakuboiler.
SLIKA 1
Ithangi lokunweba kufanele libekwe ku-attic futhi kufanele livikelwe ekuqandisweni. Lokhu kungaxazululwa ngendlela elula ngesembozo sephepha kanye nezinto zokuvikela phakathi komkhumbi nesembozo (i-sawdust eyomile, utshani, ama-rags, njll.). Ubukhulu besendlalelo se-insulating kufanele okungenani kube15 cm. Ipayipi elichichimayo libekwe ukuze amanzi ageleze phezu kophahla angene kuma-gutters.
Awekho ama-valve akhethekile adingekayo ezitshalweni eziningi eziningi. Lapho ugcwalisa isitshalo, amanzi aphusha umoya phambi kwaso emgqeni wokunweba. Uhlelo olunokusabalalisa okuphezulu luvame ukwenziwa lapho kungekho khona indawo engaphansi kwendlu, futhi inkinga ukubekwa kwamanzi okubuyisela ezingeni lephansi. Ngaphansi kwezimo akufanele sibeke inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa enezingqimba ophahleni (ngisho noma lokhu kungaba yisixazululo esihle kakhulu ngokubuka kobuhle), ngoba kuleso simo kuzodingeka ukuthi kufakwe kahle i-thermal, futhi noma kunjalo, sizoba nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokushisa.
Ukushisisa phansi
Ukushisisa phansi (ifig. 1, c) idizayini ekhethekile yokushisisa kwamanzi ashisayo adonsela phansi ngokusatshalaliswa okuphezulu lapho zonke izisetshenziswa, okokufakwayo, kanye nayo yonke isitshalo kutholakala ezingeni elifanayo lesakhiwo. I-boiler ngokuvamile ibekwe ekamelweni elilodwa lesakhiwo (okuvame ukudinga ukushiswa) futhi ekamelweni elifanayo, ngaphansi kosilingi, kubekwa umkhumbi wokujiya.
Ngokuqhathanisa amasistimu okushisa, kungashiwo ukuthi isistimu enokusabalalisa okuphansi idinga amapayipi amancane nokuthi le sistimu inokufakwa okulula kakhulu. Ububi bayo ukuthi kuba nzima kakhulu ukususa umoya kuyo. Inzuzo yesistimu ngokusatshalaliswa okuphezulu ukuthi lapho upholisa ipayipi, umphumela owenziwe wokujikeleza nomoya awuyona inkinga. Ukungalungi kwalolu hlelo ukuthi ukuhlangana kwayo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga izinto eziningi.
Ukubalwa kanye nobukhulu bamapayipi
Uma sesikhethe isistimu esivuna kakhulu, singadweba umdwebo wezintambo. Kunconywa ukwenza uhlelo lwe-axonometrically (ngoba lubonakala obala) futhi usebenzise imibala ehlukene emigqeni yamanzi ashisayo kanye nemigqa yokubuyisela. Zonke izinguquko zokuqondisa kufanele ziboniswe emdwebeni, ngisho nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi izixhumanisi zaphansi futhi ubhale ubude obuhambisanayo engxenyeni ngayinye. Amavalvu kufanele ahlinzekwe ukuze kuxhunywe irediyetha, futhi kuvalwe amavalvu kuphela lapho kunesidingo.
Esigabeni sokugcina sokuklama, ububanzi bepayipi kufanele bunqunywe izingxenye ezithile zepayipi. Ukuze ulinganise ipayipi, qala ngokuthola amandla okujikeleza kokugeleza, okungukuthi ingcindezi etholakalayo kufanele inqunywe. Lokhu, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kutholakala njengomehluko wesisindo esithile samanzi ashisayo (asatshalaliswa) futhi apholile (abuya). Ukucindezela kubalwa kufomula ethi p = a x h, lapho u-p eyingcindezi etholakalayo ngamamilimitha ekholomu yamanzi, a - umehluko wesisindo esithile samanzi ashisisayo nabuyayo ku-kp/m3; h - ubude obusebenzayo, ibanga eliphakathi komugqa omaphakathi webhayela kanye nendikimba yokushisisa ngamamitha (fig. 2, a).
Ingxenye enqamulayo yepayipi inqunywa ngokubala. Kufanele kube okwanele ukuze amandla okujikeleza (ingcindezi etholakalayo) anqobe ukulahlekelwa ngenxa yokungqubuzana kwamapayipi nangenxa yokushintshwa kwezikhombisi-ndlela, futhi amanzi anele adlule ezintweni zokushisa ngehora ukuze anikeze ukushisa okudingekayo okubaliwe. Isibonelo, umzimba wokushisisa oklanyelwe ukunikeza ukushisa okungu-200 kcal/ihora kufanele kudlule okungenani amalitha amanzi angu-100 ngehora.
SLIKA 2
Ukulinganisa amapayipi, ochwepheshe basebenzisa amathebula. Esithombeni No. 2, b ibonisa isikimu sokushisisa phansi sesakhiwo somndeni. Ngokushisisa phansi, ukuphakama okusebenzayo kuncane futhi ingcindezi etholakalayo itholakala cishe ngenxa yokupholisa amapayipi. Lapha akumele neze silinganisele kumanani omkhawulo, kufanele sihlale sishiya umkhawulo wokuphepha. Ngezinto zokushisisa eziseduze nebhayela, 10-15% izinqolobane kufanele zishiywe, ngoba kukhona ukujikeleza okuncane ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kokushisa kuncane.
Ukufakwa nokuhlolwa kwesistimu
Ngokubala ubukhulu bepayipi, sesiqedile ukuklama futhi sinalo lonke ulwazi oludingekayo lokwakhiwa kwesitshalo. Ngokusekelwe kubo, singakwazi ukuthenga amapayipi adingekayo, ukufakwa, amaphrofayili. (Ukuthenga amapayipi akathayela kuzonyusa izindleko ngokungadingekile.) Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili ngokushisela noma ngokusebenzisa izinsimbi ezinentambo. Indlela yokushisela iyashesha futhi ithandeka kakhulu ngobuhle, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuyixazulula ngesisekelo se-DIY. Ukushisela kudinga umshini futhi kungasetshenziswa kuphela abantu abagunyaziwe. Ngaphezu kwalesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuthi umuntu owenza umsebenzi abe nolwazi lomsebenzi wamapayipi.
Lapho uhlanganisa amapayipi ngenqubo yokushisela, ukuze kube nezinguquko ekuqondeni, amapayipi agxiliwe esimweni esishisayo. Amapayipi amancane obubanzi (kufika ku1““) ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuthile kungagotshwa “kungenalutho”, kuyilapho amapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu egobile ukuze agcwaliswe ngesihlabathi ngaphambili. Umhlangano uzoshesha uma sithola izingxenye ezigobe ngaphambili zamapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu. Kusukela kulezi zingcezu, singakwazi ukwenza ezinye izakhi (isb. ukuxhumana kwe-arc).
Lapho ufaka amapayipi anemikhono, njengamapayipi amanzi, izakhi zensimbi ezithambile zisetshenziswa. Sifaka izakhi ngendlela evamile ngokufaka i-tow efakwe phakathi kwamakhoyili. Ngenxa yokulutha, le ndlela yokuhlanganisa idinga umsebenzi owengeziwe, kodwa futhi nobuchwepheshe obuncane.
Singaqala ukufakwa kwamapayipi ngemva kokufaka i-boiler nezinto zokushisa. Okokuqala, ama-valve kufanele abekwe ezintweni zokushisa ukuze azicabangele lapho usika amapayipi. Amavalvu anamathisele ekuxhumekeni kwerediyetha enentambo nge-Dutch nut. Ama-gasket enjoloba e-asbestos kufanele asetshenziselwe izisekelo ezinamantongomane namarimu e-Dutch. Isikhumba ne-hard paper seal akugculisi ngoba kunokuphila okufushane. Ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kokugcina, indandatho yokuvala kufanele igcotshwe ngamafutha. Ama-valve akufanele afakwe ngokuphambene, ngoba ukumelana kwawo nokugeleza kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngemva kokufaka i-valve, phawula izimbobo ezidingekayo ezindongeni nophahla bese uzibhoboza. Kufanele sinake ubukhulu balezi zintuba ukuze singanwebeki ngesikhathi somhlangano.
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi kufanele kuqale kusukela ekuxhumekeni kwe-boiler futhi kuqala ubeke imigqa yokukhuphuka okuyinhloko nemigqa yokusabalalisa, bese uxhuma izinto zokushisa ezivela kuzo. Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokufakwa kwemigqa yokubuyisela nokuqoqa. Lapho ukhwezwa ngama-tube nuts, manifolds, noma amapayipi okuqoqa, kufanele ahlanganiswe izingxenye ezithile zepayipi, kufakwe nokuxhumana okudingekayo. Kumapayipi, afakwe ngokuvundlile, ubukhulu obudingekayo kanye nesiqondiso sokuthambekela kufanele kulawulwe ngezinga lomoya. Endaweni ngayinye, lapho kulindeleke khona ukwakhiwa kwezikhwama zomoya, ama-valve okukhipha umoya kufanele afakwe, kodwa uqiniseke ukuthi i-valve isendaweni ephakeme kakhulu yalowo mkhakha. Lapho ipayipi liwela udonga, umkhono kufanele ubekwe epayipini ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okungukuthi ucezu lwepayipi olude kunodonga okungenani.10 mmfuthi libe likhudlwana ngobubanzi kunepayipi (2-5 mm.) Ngale ndlela, ipayipi ngeke ilimaze udonga kanye ne-plaster ngenxa yokwandisa ukushisa.
Olayini, ababekwe ngokuvundlile, kufanele banamathiselwe kokuthi 2-3 m ngayinye ngezisekelo zensimbi, kanye nemigqa eqondile emide enezibambi. Izibophelelo akumele ziqiniswe kakhulu ukuze kuvinjwe ipayipi ekuxegiseni ama-struts noma abakaki ngenxa yokunwetshwa. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, phinda uhlole ngokuningiliziwe yonke inethiwekhi, ukuxhumana nokuxhumana kwamapayipi ukuze uthole amaphutha okungenzeka.
Ngemva kokulawula okubonakalayo, ukulawulwa kwamanzi kungenziwa. Ukulawula amanzi, wonke ama-valve erediyetha kufanele avulwe. Ekuxhumekeni kokukhipha amanzi nokugcwalisa, okutholakala eduze kwe-boiler, sixhuma inethiwekhi yamanzi noma ipompo yomthombo nge-hose yenjoloba futhi sigcwalise uhlelo ngamanzi. Uma kunesidingo, uhlelo lungabuye lugcwaliswe nge-vent yomkhumbi we-condensation (ngebhakede), kodwa ukugcwalisa ngale ndlela kukhathele kakhulu futhi kudla isikhathi, ngoba umoya kufanele ushiye uhlelo ngokumelene nokugeleza kwamanzi angenayo.
Ngesikhathi sokushaja, isistimu kufanele igadwe ngokuqhubekayo futhi uma iqala ukuvuza ndawana thize, yeka ukushaja ngokushesha futhi uqhubeke ngemva kokulungisa iphutha. Akumelwe futhi sikhohlwe ukuvula ama-valve okukhipha (lapho kukhona khona) ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa uhlelo. Uhlelo lugcwaliswa lapho amanzi ephuma emkhunjini ojiyayo ngokuchichima nalapho sidala ama-valve okukhipha umoya ukuze amanzi ageleza ngokuqhubekayo kuwo. Uma kungekho ukuvuza noma yikuphi, singalungiselela ukushisisa ukuhlolwa.
Ukushisisa nokugcinwa kwesivivinyo
Kubhayela, siqala sokhela umlilo ngokugcwalisa isithando somlilo ngamaphephandaba (isilawuli esisalungiswa kufanele sivulwe). Ngale ndlela, sizoshisa i-boiler futhi sihlole okusalungiswa. Uma yonke into ihlelekile, singakhanyisa isitofu njalo. Ukushisa kokuhlola, izinkuni kufanele zisetshenziswe uma kungenzeka, ngoba isitshalo sizoshisa ngale ndlela ngokushesha okukhulu. Emaminithini ambalwa ngemva kokuthungela, kufanele sizwe ukugeleza kwamanzi ashisayo emigqeni, futhi ngemva 15-40 mimizuzu, kuye ngosayizi wesitshalo namandla okushisisa, ulayini obuyayo nawo kufanele ushisiswe, okunikeza uphawu lokuthi amanzi aseqede ukujikeleza okuphelele.
Uma ukugeleza kwamanzi sekuqalile kuwo wonke ama-radiator, amanzi kufanele ashiselwe ezingeni lokushisa elingu-90°C. Endabeni yesistimu enokusabalalisa okuphansi, wonke ama-valve okukhipha umoya kufanele avulwe ngokushintshana imizuzwana embalwa futhi lokhu kufanele kuphindwe izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sokushisa kokuhlola. Ngale ndlela, sizofeza ukuthi amagesi, ahlukaniswe namanzi ngenxa yokushisa, angashiya ngokukhululekile uhlelo. Uma sesiqinisekisile ukuthi isitshalo sisebenza ngokungenasici, sivumela umlilo ucime futhi siyeke isitshalo siphole, ukuze sikwazi ukuqeda. Okokuqala sidinga ukulungisa izindonga lapho sibhobole khona bese sipenda inethiwekhi yamapayipi. Ukudweba kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuhlanza nokunciphisa amafutha ezingxenyeni ezintathu (bheka imiyalelo lapho uthenga upende okhethekile). Phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezendlalelo ngazinye, i-mesh kufanele ivunyelwe ukuba yome okungenani amahora angu-24, ngisho nangaphambi kokufaka isendlalelo sokugcina nokunye, ngoba i-koqweqwe lwawo lunesisekelo se-nitro futhi uma isendlalelo sesisekelo singasomile ngokwanele, sizodala imibimbi.
Amanzi kufanele ashiselwe kuphela ngezinga elithile elizoqinisekisa izinga lokushisa elifiswayo lamagumbi esiwashisisayo. Ukushisa kwamanzi kuncike ekushiseni kwangaphandle, futhi singakwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa lekamelo ngokulungisa kancane kancane i-valve ye-radiator.
Izinga lamanzi kumkhumbi wokunweba, okungenani kanye ngenyanga, kufanele lilawulwe noma lingezelelwe. Sikhipha amanzi ohlelweni kuphela ezimweni ezifanele kakhulu.
Lona umbhalo womlando, futhi amayunithi asohlwini, amafomula, izinto zokwakha kanye nezinqubo aziwona iphrojekthi, ukubala, ukufundiswa kokuhlanganisa noma ukuthunyelwa kwesistimu yesimanjemanje. Ungasebenzisi ama-sealant noma eminye imikhiqizo equkethe i-asbestos. I-boiler, ushimula, ukunikezwa komoya, ukuvikelwa komlilo ne-carbon monoxide, ukunwetshwa, izinsiza zokuphepha, ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukushaywa kwamanzi nokuhlola kufanele kunqunywe futhi kuhlolwe umklami ogunyaziwe kanye nosonkontileka ngokuhambisana nemithetho yamanje kanye nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi. Ukugcwaliswa okungafanele, ukushisela, ukushisa noma ukuvala uhlelo kungabangela umlilo, ushevu, ukusha, ukuvuza noma ukwakheka komfutho oyingozi.