Namhlanje, i-Savo Kusić igxile kwi ifestile zomthi, iifestile zomthi-aluminiyam, iifestile zesiko, umnyango kunye nezicelo zekoteyishini. Lo mbhalo uhlala njengendawo yokugcina yofakelo lwasekhaya kwaye ayisiyiyo isibonelelo sokuyila, ukwenza okanye inkonzo yenkqubo yokufudumeza.
Ukufudumeza kumbindi okanye umgangatho
Ukuba ibhoyili ifumaneka kakhulu ngaphantsi kwezinto zokufudumeza (umzekelo kwisiseko), ke yinkqubo yokufudumeza ephakathi, kwaye ukuba izinto zokufudumeza kunye nebhoyili zikumgangatho ofanayo, ngoko umgangatho wokufudumala.
Kukho izisombululo zemibhobho ezibini zokufudumeza okuphakathi. Yiyiphi eya kusetyenziswa kwimeko enikeziweyo, kuxhomekeke ngokukodwa kwimpawu yesakhiwo (ifulethi).
Inkqubo enonikezelo olusezantsi
Ukwenzela i-gravity system kunye nelungiselelo eliphantsi, imigca yokusabalalisa ngamanzi ashushu avela kwibhoyila kunye nokuqokelela - imigca yokubuyisela kunye namanzi apholileyo kunye namanzi aqokelelweyo ukusuka kwi-radiator ukuya kwibhoyili idibaniswe kwii-radiator ukusuka kwicala elingezantsi (umkhiwane 1). Ukusabalalisa kunye nemigca yokubuyisela ngokubhekiselele kwizinto ezikude zokufudumala ziphakama ngokulinganayo ukwenzela ukuba xa ugcwalisa imigca, wonke umoya uphoqeleka ukuba uphume kwimibhobho. I-angle yokuthambekela kokuphakama kufuneka ibe ubuncinane 3-5% (ngemitha yokubalekayo nganye 3-5 mm). Ngale nkqubo, kunxibelelwano lomntu ngamnye kwi-radiator, kufuneka ibe kufuphi nevalve yokulawula, okanye. ukuvalwa, kunye nevalve eyahlukileyo okanye impompo yokukhulula umoya. Xa ugcwalisa inkqubo, zonke iivalve kufuneka zivulwe ngabanye ukuvumela umoya ukuba uphume kuzo zonke iindawo. Kwezi meko, isitya esikhulu (ibhakethi) kufuneka sibekwe phantsi kweefaucets ze-vent kunye ne-faucet kufuneka ivalwe kuphela xa amanzi evuza ngaphandle komoya.
Kwizityalo ezikhulu, iivalvu ze-vent zitshintshwe yimigca ecekethekileyo yombhobho (3/8’’). Nangona kunjalo, ngezityalo ezincinci oku akuyomfuneko, kuya kudala umsebenzi ongeyomfuneko kunye neendleko. Ilungiselelo eliphantsi linokuthi liqhutywe ngokuyinhloko apho isiseko sangaphantsi sihamba phantsi kwendlu yonke, okanye kukho ithuba lokwenza iziteshi zemibhobho ngaphandle kokuphakamisa umgangatho (umzekelo, xa isakhiwo sisakhiwa).
Itanki yokwandisa (umkhiwane 1, d) yinto ebaluleke kakhulu eyongezelelweyo yesityalo sokufudumeza. Inqanawa yokwandisa ihlala iyindawo ephezulu yesityalo. Umsebenzi wesitya sokwandisa kukufumana amanzi amaninzi adalwe ngenxa yokwandiswa kweqondo lokushisa xa inkqubo ishushu, ukubuyisela loo manzi kwinkqubo xa inkqubo ipholile (xa ingafudumala). Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihlala ihlawuliswa. Ukongeza kule nto, umsebenzi wetanki yokwandisa kwakhona ukususa amanzi angaphezulu kwi-system ngokusebenzisa ukugqithisa, okubangelwa ukugqithisa. Umthamo wesitya sokwandisa kufuneka ube 0,06-0,07 mi inxalenye yomthamo wonke wesityalo. Ekubeni olu hlobo lokubala lude, sinokuthatha ukusebenza kwe-thermal yesityalo njengesiseko sokubala, oko kukuthi, yonke 1000 kcal / iyure, thatha 2-2,1 ilitha yomthamo wesitya sokwandisa. Umzekelo, kwiplanti ye-15.000 kcal/yeyure, 15 x 2 = 30 iilitha zinokuthathwa. Kwimeko yenkqubo enelungiselelo eliphantsi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubeke isitya sokwandisa kwigumbi elinye kunye namanzi (umz. igumbi lokuhlambela, indlu yangasese, ikhitshi), phantsi kwesilingi. Ngale ndlela, akukho milinganiselo yokuchasana nomkhenkce efunekayo, kwaye ukuphuphuma kwamanzi kunokuqhagamshelwa ngokulula kumjelo ohambisa amanzi amdaka.
Inkqubo ephezulu yokwahlula
Kwimeko yezityalo ezinelungiselelo elingasentla (Fig.1, b) amanzi ashushu afikelela kwisithuba se-attic, ngombhobho wokuhambisa obekwe phantsi kwesilingi okanye kwindawo ethe nkqo ebizwa ngokuba ziindawo zokunyuka eziphambili. Ukusuka kumbhobho wokusabalalisa, amanzi ehla kwiindawo zokufudumeza ngokusebenzisa imigca yokunyuka, kwaye ukusuka kwizinto zokufudumeza, usebenzisa imibhobho yokuqokelela, ephantsi kwezinto zokufudumala, ibuyela kwibhoyili. Ngesi sisombululo, imibhobho yokuhambisa ukusuka kweyona ndawo ikude yokufudumeza ukuya kwisinyukeli esikhulu kufuneka inyuke ngokulinganayo, kwaye imibhobho yokuqokelela ifanele ibe nokuwa ngokulinganayo kwibhoyila.
SLIKA 1
Itanki yokwandisa kufuneka ifakwe kwi-attic kwaye kufuneka ikhuselwe ekukhenkceni. Oku kungasombululwa ngendlela elula kunye nephepha eligubungelayo kunye nezinto ezikhuselayo phakathi kwesitya kunye nesigqubuthelo (i-sawdust eyomileyo, i-straw, i-rags, njl.). Ubunzima bomgangatho we-insulating kufuneka bube ubuncinane15 cm. Umbhobho ophuphumayo ubekwe ukuze amanzi aphume phezu kophahla kwimibhobho.
Akukho zivalo zikhethekileyo zokungenisa umoya ezifunekayo kwizityalo ezininzi. Xa ugcwalisa isityalo, amanzi atyhala umoya phambi kwawo kumgca wokwandisa. Inkqubo kunye nokusabalalisa okuphezulu ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa apho kungekho ndlu yangaphantsi phantsi kwendlu, kwaye ingxaki kukubekwa kwamanzi okubuyisela kumgangatho womgangatho. Naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko kufuneka sibeke uthungelwano losasazo oluthe tyaba kwisilingi (nokuba oku kuya kuba sesona sisombululo silungileyo ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ubuhle), kuba kuloo meko kuya kufuneka ukuba ifakwe kakuhle i-thermal insulated, kwaye nangona kunjalo, siya kuba nelahleko enkulu kakhulu yobushushu.
Ukufudumeza umgangatho
Ukufudumala komgangatho (umkhiwane 1, c) luyilo olukhethekileyo lokufudumeza kwamanzi ashushu ashushu kunye nokusabalalisa okuphezulu apho zonke izixhobo, izixhobo, kunye nesityalo sonke sibekwe kwinqanaba elifanayo lesakhiwo. Ibhoyila idla ngokufakwa kwigumbi elinye lesakhiwo (elihlala lifuna ukufudunyezwa) kwaye kwigumbi elinye, phantsi kwesilingi, kubekwe isitya sokujiya.
Ngokuthelekisa iinkqubo zokufudumeza, kunokuthiwa inkqubo enokusasazwa okuphantsi ifuna imibhobho encinci kwaye le nkqubo inokufakwa okulula. Ukungalungi kwayo kukuba kunzima ukususa umoya kuyo. Inzuzo yenkqubo kunye nokusabalalisa okuphezulu kukuba xa upholisa umbhobho, umphumo owenziweyo wokujikeleza kunye nomoya awuyona ingxaki. Ukungalungi kwale nkqubo kukuba indibano yayo inzima kwaye ifuna izinto ezininzi.
Ukubalwa kunye nobukhulu bemibhobho
Xa senze ukhetho lweyona nkqubo ilungileyo kuthi, sinokuzoba umzobo wocingo. Kunconywa ukuba wenze umzobo we-axonometrically (kuba ubala ngakumbi) kwaye usebenzise imibala eyahlukileyo kwimigca yamanzi ashushu kunye nemigca yokubuyela. Zonke iinguqu zesalathiso kufuneka ziboniswe kumzobo, kwanaloo nto kuthiwa yi-disk connections kwaye ubhale ubude obuhambelanayo kwinqanaba ngalinye. Iivalvu kufuneka zibonelelwe ngokudityaniswa kweradiyetha, kunye nezivalo zokuvala kuphela xa kukho imfuneko.
Kwisigaba sokugqibela sokuyila, i-diameter yepayipi kufuneka inqunywe kwiindawo ezizimeleyo zombhobho. Ukulinganisa umbhobho, qala ngokumisela amandla okujikeleza kokuhamba, o.k.t. uxinzelelo olukhoyo kufuneka lumiselwe. Oku, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kufunyenwe njengokwahlulo lwezisindo ezithile zamanzi ashushu (asasazwayo) kwaye apholile (ukubuyisela). Uxinzelelo lubalwa kwi-formula p = a x h, apho i-p luxinzelelo olukhoyo kwiimilimitha zoluhlu lwamanzi, a - ngumahluko wemilinganiselo ethile yokufudumala kunye nokubuyisela amanzi kwi-kp / m3; h - ubude obusebenzayo, umgama phakathi komgca ophakathi kwibhoyila kunye nomzimba wokufudumeza kwiimitha (umkhiwane 2, a).
Icandelo elinqamlezayo lombhobho lichongwa ngokubala. Kufuneka kube ngokwaneleyo ukuba amandla okujikeleza (uxinzelelo olukhoyo) ukunqoba ilahleko ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwimibhobho kwaye ngenxa yokutshintsha kweendlela, kunye namanzi aneleyo ukuba adlule kwizinto zokufudumeza ngeyure ukunika ubushushu obufunekayo obaliweyo. Umzekelo, umzimba wokufudumeza owenzelwe ukunika ubushushu 200 kcal/yure kufuneka udlule ubuncinane 100 iilitha zamanzi ngeyure.
SLIKA 2
Ubungakanani bemibhobho, iingcali zisebenzisa iitafile. Kumfanekiso no. 2, b ibonisa iskimu sokufudumeza umgangatho wesakhiwo sentsapho. Ngokufudumala komgangatho, ukuphakama okusebenzayo kuncinci kwaye uxinzelelo olukhoyo lufumaneka phantse ngokukodwa ngenxa yokupholisa umbhobho. Apha akufuneki sibe nomlinganiselo kumaxabiso amiselweyo, kufuneka sihlale siwushiya umda wokhuseleko. Ngezinto zokufudumeza ezikufutshane kwibhoyila, 10-15% ugcino kufuneka lushiywe, kuba kukho ukujikeleza okuncinci kwaye ngoko ke ukunikezelwa kobushushu kuncinci.
Ufakelo kunye novavanyo lwenkqubo
Ngokubala imilinganiselo yombhobho, sigqibe ukuyila kwaye sinayo yonke idatha efunekayo yokwakhiwa kwesityalo. Ngokusekelwe kubo, sinokuthenga imibhobho efunekayo, izixhobo, iiprofayili. (Ukuthenga imibhobho yegalvanized kuya kwandisa iindleko ngokungeyomfuneko.) Ufakelo lwemibhobho lunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini nge-welding okanye ngokusebenzisa izibophelelo ezinentambo. Indlela ye-welding iyakhawuleza kwaye iyathandeka ngakumbi, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuyisombulula nge-DIY. I-Welding ifuna umatshini kwaye inokusetyenziswa kuphela ngabantu abagunyazisiweyo. Ukongeza kule meko, kuyimfuneko ukuba umntu owenza umsebenzi unamava kumsebenzi wepayipi.
Xa uhlanganisa imibhobho ngenkqubo ye-welding, ukwenzela utshintsho kwindlela, iibhobho zigobile kwindawo eshushu. Imibhobho edayamitha emincinci (ukuya kuthi ga1““) ngamava athile inokugoba “engenanto”, ngelixa iipayipi ezinobubanzi obukhulu zigobile ukuze zizaliswe isanti ngaphambili. INdibano iya kukhawuleza ukuba sifumana iinxalenye ezigobe ngaphambili kwimibhobho enobubanzi obukhulu. Ukusuka kula maqhekeza, sinokwenza ezinye izinto (umzekelo udibaniso lwe-arc).
Xa ufaka imibhobho enemikhono, njengemibhobho yamanzi, izinto zentsimbi ezithambileyo zisetyenziswa. Sifaka izinto ngendlela eqhelekileyo kunye nokufakwa kwe-tow edibeneyo phakathi kweekhoyili. Ngenxa yokudibanisa, le ndlela yokuhlanganisa idinga umsebenzi omningi, kodwa kunye nobuchule obuncinci.
Sinokuqalisa ukufakwa kwemibhobho emva kokufaka ibhoyili kunye nezinto zokufudumeza. Okokuqala, iivalve kufuneka zibekwe kwizinto zokufudumala ukuze zithathelwe ingqalelo xa usika imibhobho. Iivalvu zincamathela kuqhagamshelwano lweradiyetha ephothiweyo ngenut ye-Dutch. Igaskithi zerabha ye-asbestos kufuneka isetyenziswe kwisokethi ezinentongomane yeDutch kunye nerim. Isikhumba kunye ne-hard paper seal azonelisi kuba zinobomi obufutshane. Ngaphambi kwendibano yokugqibela, iringi yokutywina kufuneka ifakwe ioli. Iivalve akufanele zifakwe ngasemva, kuba ukuchasana kwazo ngokuchasene nokuhamba kuphezulu kakhulu. Emva kokufaka i-valve, phawula imingxuma efunekayo kwiindonga kunye neesilingi kwaye uyiqhube. Kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwimilinganiselo yezi zivulo ukuze singabanzi ngexesha lendibano.
Ukufakwa kombhobho kufuneka kuqale kwi-boiler uxhumano kwaye kuqala ubeke i-riser ephambili kunye nemigca yokusabalalisa, kwaye emva koko udibanise izinto zokufudumeza kuzo. Okufanayo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokufakela ukubuyisela kunye nemigca yokuqokelela. Xa unyuswa ngamandongomane etyhubhu, i-manifolds, okanye imibhobho yokuqokelela, kufuneka idityaniswe ngamalungu ahlukeneyo ombhobho, kunye nokudibanisa okuyimfuneko kwakhona kufakwe. Kwimibhobho, efakwe ngokuthe tye, ubukhulu obufunekayo kunye nolwalathiso lokuthambekela kufuneka ilawulwe kwinqanaba lomoya. Kwindawo nganye, apho kulindeleke khona ukwenziwa kweengxowa zomoya, iivalve zomoya kufuneka zifakwe, kodwa qinisekisa ukuba ivalve ikwindawo ephezulu yelo candelo. Apho umbhobho uwela udonga, umkhono kufuneka ubekwe kumbhobho ngexesha lofakelo, oko kukuthi iqhekeza lombhobho elide kunodonga ubuncinane.10 mmkwaye inkulu kancinane ngobubanzi kunombhobho (2-5 mm.) Ngale ndlela, umbhobho awuyi konakalisa udonga kunye ne-plaster ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal.
Imigca, ebekwe ngokuthe tye, kufuneka iqhotyoshelwe kwindawo nganye 2-3 m nge-angle steel supports, kunye nemigca ethe nkqo emide enezibambi. Izibophelelo akufuneki ziqiniswe ngokugqithisileyo ukunqanda umbhobho ekubeni ukhululi okanye izibiyeli ngenxa yokwandiswa. Emva kokuhlanganisana, kwakhona khangela ngokubanzi inethiwekhi yonke, ukudibanisa kunye nokudityaniswa kwemibhobho ukubona iimpazamo ezinokwenzeka.
Emva kokulawula okubonakalayo, ulawulo lwamanzi lunokwenziwa. Ukulawula amanzi, zonke iivalve zeradiyetha kufuneka zivulwe. Ukudibanisa ukucoca kunye nokuzaliswa, efumaneka kufuphi nebhoyili, sidibanisa inethiwekhi yamanzi okanye ipompo yomthombo kunye ne-rubber hose kwaye ugcwalise inkqubo ngamanzi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inkqubo inokuphinda izaliswe nge-vent ye-condensation isitya (ngebhakethi), kodwa ukuzaliswa ngale ndlela kukhathele kakhulu kwaye kudla ixesha, kuba umoya kufuneka ushiye inkqubo ngokuchasene nokuhamba kwamanzi angenayo.
Ngexesha lokutshaja, inkqubo kufuneka ibekwe iliso ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ukuba iqala ukuvuza kwindawo ethile, yeka ukuhlawula ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqhubeke emva kokulungisa iphutha. Akumele kwakhona sikhohlwe ukuvula iivalve zokukhupha (apho kukho nayiphi na) ngexesha lokuzaliswa kwenkqubo. Inkqubo igcwaliswa xa amanzi ephuma kwinqanawa yokudibanisa ngokuphuphuma kwaye xa sidala iivalve ze-vent ukuze amanzi aqhube ngokuqhubekayo kuzo. Ukuba akukho kuvuza naphi na, singalungiselela uvavanyo lokufudumeza.
Uvavanyo lokufudumeza kunye nokugcinwa
Kwi-bhoiler, siqala ukukhanyisa umlilo ngokuzalisa isithando somlilo ngamaphephandaba (umlawuli oyidrafti kufuneka avulwe). Ngale ndlela, siya kutshisa ibhoyili kwaye sijonge idrafti. Ukuba yonke into ime ngendlela, singalayita rhoqo isitovu. Ukufudumeza uvavanyo, ukhuni kufuneka lusetyenziswe ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuba isityalo siya kutshisa ngale ndlela ngokukhawuleza. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokutshisa, kufuneka sive ukuhamba kwamanzi ashushu kwimigca, kwaye emva kwe-15-40 mimizuzu, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besityalo kunye nobukhulu bokufudumala, umgca wokubuyela kufuneka uphinde ushushu, unika uphawu lokuba amanzi agqibe ukujikeleza okupheleleyo.
Xa ukuhamba kwamanzi kuqalile kuzo zonke iiradiyetha, amanzi kufuneka afudunyezwe kubushushu obuyi-90°C. Kwimeko yenkqubo enokusabalalisa okuphantsi, zonke iivalve zokukhupha kufuneka zivulwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo imizuzwana embalwa kwaye oku kufuneka kuphindwe ngamaxesha amaninzi ngexesha lokufudumala kovavanyo. Ngale ndlela, siya kufezekisa ukuba iigesi, ezihlukaniswe emanzini ngenxa yokushisa, zinokushiya ngokukhululekileyo inkqubo. Emva kokuba siqinisekisile ukuba isityalo sisebenza ngokungenasiphako, sivumela umlilo ukuba ucime kwaye sivumele isityalo sipholile, ukuze senze ukugqiba. Okokuqala kufuneka silungise iindonga apho sombe khona kwaye emva koko sipeyinte inethiwekhi yombhobho. Ukupeyinta kufuneka kwenziwe emva kokucoca kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwimigangatho emithathu (jonga imiyalelo xa uthenga ipeyinti ekhethekileyo). Phakathi kokusetyenziswa kweengqimba zomntu ngamnye, i-mesh kufuneka ivunyelwe ukuba yome ubuncinane iiyure 24, nangaphambi kokufaka umgca wokugqibela kunye nokunye, kuba i-enamel inesiseko se-nitro kwaye ukuba isiseko sesiseko asomile ngokwaneleyo, siya kudala imibimbi.
Amanzi kufuneka afudunyezwe kuphela kwinqanaba eliya kuqinisekisa ubushushu obufunekayo kumagumbi esiwafudumeza. Ubushushu bamanzi buxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa langaphandle, kwaye sinokulawula ubushushu begumbi ngokulungisa ngokuthe ngcembe i-valve ye-radiator.
Umgangatho wamanzi kwinqanawa yokwandisa, ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga, kufuneka ilawulwe okanye ukongeza. Sikhupha amanzi kwisixokelelwano kuphela kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
Lo ngumbhalo wembali, kwaye iiyunithi ezidwelisiweyo, iifomyula, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo azikho iprojekthi, ukubala, umyalelo wendibano okanye ugunyaziso lwenkqubo yanamhlanje. Musa ukusebenzisa izitywini okanye ezinye iimveliso ezineasbestos. I-boiler, itshimini, ukunikezelwa komoya, ukukhuselwa komlilo kunye ne-carbon monoxide, ukwandiswa, izixhobo zokukhusela, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, izinto eziphathekayo, ukugungxulwa kunye nokuvavanya kufuneka kumiselwe kwaye kuhlolwe ngumyili ogunyazisiweyo kunye nekontraki ngokwemigaqo yangoku kunye nemiyalelo yomenzi. Ukuzaliswa ngokungafanelekanga, ukuwelda, ukutshisa okanye ukuvala inkqubo kunokubangela umlilo, ityhefu, ukutshisa, ukuvuza okanye ukwakhiwa koxinzelelo oluyingozi.