Kutetezedwa pogwira ntchito pamakina opangira matabwa

Masiku ano, Savo Kusić amayang’ana kwambiri mazenera amatabwa, mazenera a matabwa a aluminiyamu, mazenera amwambo, khomo ndi zopempha za mawu. Mawuwa amakhalabe ngati malo osungiramo matabwa ndipo si malamulo apano, kuwunika zoopsa, buku la wopanga makina kapena chilolezo chogwirira ntchito.

Zofunikira zotetezera chitetezo: njira zomwe zafotokozedwazo zimachokera ku mbiri yakale ndipo sizokwanira kuntchito zamakono. Makina angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu oyenerera komanso ovomerezeka, ndikuwunika zoopsa, zida zodzitchinjiriza zolondola, kulekanitsa mphamvu motetezeka, kuyamwa, zida zodzitetezera komanso njira zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malamulo omwe alipo komanso malangizo a wopanga makinawo.

macheka mu makina ocheka

Pogwira ntchito pa gutter, mbali zake zonse zozungulira ndi zosuntha ziyenera kutetezedwa bwino, pamene njira zotetezera siziyenera kupangitsa kuti ntchito ya ogwira ntchito ikhale yovuta.

Makinawa amagwira ntchito ndi zida zoikira ngalande kuti zigwire ntchito komanso kuti zibooke, ziyenera kutsekedwa kuti ngalandeyo isagwire ntchito popanda ogwira ntchito omwe ali pansi pamunsi. Pansi pamwamba ndi pansi pa chipinda chomwe chimbudzi chilipo chiyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zowunikira zomwe zimayikidwa bwino ndikugwira ntchito mopanda cholakwika. Zipangizo zomangira mabuleki za ngalandezo ziyenera kukhala zochititsa kuti ngalandeyo ayimitsidwe paliponse. Kuboola pachipata ndi zitsulo zamatabwa sikuloledwa.

Mambale oyimirira aziyikidwa pachipata kuti agwire ma prisms odulidwa. Izi zimakulitsa kwambiri kukhazikika kwa chipika kapena prism yomwe ikudulidwa. Zida zowongolera zokhala ndi ma vertical drive rollers zitha kukhazikitsidwanso. Zigawo zonse zosuntha za chipangizo chowongolera ziyenera kutsekedwa bwino.

chipika (prism, theka-chidutswa) chomwe chili mu gaiter sichiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi manja. Ngati palibe trolley yothandizira, zikhomo zolendewera zokhala ndi akasupe ziyenera kuikidwa m’malo osachepera awiri.

Ndizoletsedwa kutulutsa matabwa odulidwa ndi manja anu, omwe adagwa pakati pa macheka panthawi ya ntchito. Mayendedwe a trolley ndi magiya omwe ali pamenepo ayenera kukhala ndi mpanda wabwino.

Njanji zomwe trolley imayenda ziyenera kuyikidwa pamtunda wofanana ndi pansi ndikulumikizidwa ndi zitsulo kuti njanjiyo isakulitse. Ma trolleys akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo ayenera kukhala ndi maimidwe, omwe amalepheretsa kuyenda kwawo kumapeto kwa njirayo. Mano a mphinjika amene amatchinga chipika ayenera kukhala akuthwa. Chipangizo chodziyimira pawokha chiyenera kuikidwa pa gantry trolley yakutsogolo.

Ngakhale ngalande ikugwira ntchito, sikuloledwa kudula mfundo za chipikacho.

Pamene mitengoyo ikudutsa m’ngalande, isagundidwe ndi chipika china chimene chiyenera kudulidwa pambuyo pake.

Chipikacho chiyenera kutulutsidwa m’ngalande pokhapo ngati ngalandeyo yafika pa njira yake yabwino. Zikangodziwika pang’ono zachilendo (kugogoda, kutentha kwa madzi, kusweka kwa mano, etc.), chipata chiyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Pambuyo poyika chipata chopanda ntchito, brake siyenera kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Ndizoletsedwa kutsegula kutsegula kwa kuwala kapena kuyambitsa odzigudubuza panthawi ya ntchito ya gutter.

Zozungulira zozungulira

Pogwira ntchito ndi macheka ozungulira, mbali ya kumtunda ya nsonga yozungulira iyenera kutsekedwa bwino ndi chivundikiro chotetezera, chomwe chimatsikira pa chinthu chomwe chikudulidwa ndikuphimba mano onse a macheka, kupatulapo mano odula nkhuni. Mbali yapansi ya tsamba la macheka iyeneranso kutetezedwa bwino.

Makina odulira motalika ayenera kukhala ndi mipeni yolekanitsira matabwa. Mtunda pakati pa mpeni ndi mano a macheka uyenera kukhala 10 mm. Kukula kwa tsambalo kuyenera kukhala 0,5 mm kuposa m’lifupi mwa gawo lopindika kapena losaseweredwa. Malo otchinga pa choyimilira asakhale okulirapo kuposa 10 mm.

Malozerawo akhazikike mofananiza ndi tsamba lozungulira la macheka. Bukhuli liyenera kukhala kutali ndi tsamba la macheka ozungulira 1 mm, kuti woyendetsa ndege asatseke pakati pa tsamba la macheka ndi wotsogolera. Muluwo uchotsedwe ndi chopondera.

Pankhani ya kusamuka kwa makina, choyimiracho chiyenera kukhala ndi zotetezera, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuponyedwa kwa wogwira ntchito.

Chonyamulira cha macheka ozungulira, chomwe chimasuntha zinthu, chiyenera kukhala ndi zingwe zotetezedwa, ndipo pansi pake pazikhala zoteteza.

Pogwira ntchito pamakina odulira, slide kapena chowonjezera chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukankhira zinthu kuti zidulidwe. M’lifupi mwake kalowo pa chopusher kuyenera kukhala 5 mm kuposa m’lifupi mwa mano ofalikira. Chovala chozungulira chozungulira chiyenera kutsekedwa ndi chipewa choteteza, chomwe chiyenera kuphimba mbali ya macheka yomwe imatuluka kunja kwa chitetezo panthawi yodula.

Matigari pamakina odutsa ayenera kukhala ndi zingwe zotetezera.

Pamakina opukutira okhala ndi makina osunthika, nkhwangwa zakusamukako ndi zodzigudubuza zomangika ziyenera kufanana ndi tsinde logwirira ntchito la makinawo.

Kwa makina okhala ndi zokwawa, pakati pa chowotchera pomwe pali kagawo kakang’ono ka blade kayenera kugwirizana ndi ndege ya blade yozungulira.

Mbali yonse yakutsogolo ya tcheni chokwawa iyenera kuphimbidwa bwino ndi chivundikiro choteteza. Pakati pa tcheni chokwawa ndi pansi pa makina, pasakhale malo opanda kanthu omwe tchipisi tamatabwa tingagweremo.

Masamba a bandi

Pogwira ntchito pa macheka a band, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku zolondola kwa zipangizo zomangira, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chipangizo choyambitsa makinawo. Gudumu lakumtunda ndi lakumunsi lomwe nsonga ya macheka imadutsa, komanso macheka okha, ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi zitsulo kapena zophimba zamatabwa. Zodzigudubuza zomwe zimasuntha zinthuzo mumakina owona opingasa komanso opingasa ziyenera kutsekedwa ndi zophimba zoteteza. Mawilo omwe nsonga ya macheka imadutsa ayenera kukhala olinganiza bwino.

Pamwamba pa gudumu lakumunsi la macheka a bandi ayenera kukhala ndi burashi.

Pochotsa ndi kuyika tsamba la macheka pamawilo, zida zapadera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti macheka asagwe kapena kupindika.

Makina okonza ndi mphero

Pogwira ntchito pamakina opangira mapulani ndi mphero, ziyenera kuwonetseredwa kuti mipeni yokonzera ili ndi chipangizo choteteza chomwe chimagwira ntchito zokha. Kusiyana pakati pa mutu wozungulira wokhala ndi mipeni ndi mbale zazitsulo za tebulo sayenera kupitirira 3 mm. Chipangizo chotetezera chiyenera kuphimba mbali yosagwira ntchito ya mutu wozungulira ndi mipeni.

Pamwamba pa tebulo la ntchito ndi m’mphepete mwa pulani ziyenera kukhala zophwanyika popanda madera owonongeka ndi kusalingana kwina. Maupangiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha tebulo la pulaniyo ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ili yopingasa kwathunthu. Makina onyamulira akuyenera kukonza magawo onse a tebulo kuti asasinthe.

Njira yosinthira iyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu. Zigawo zonse zozungulira ziyenera kukhala ndi mabampu otetezedwa ndi zophimba. Zinthu zomwe makulidwe ake amasiyana kupitilira 2 mm siziyenera kukonzedwa pa pulaneti yokhala ndi makina osunthika. Makina olinganiza ayenera kukhala ndi chipangizo chotetezera, chomwe chimalepheretsa kubwereranso kwa zinthu kuti zikonzedwe.

Ma roller okhala ndi mano ayenera kukhala opanda ming’alu kapena osweka mano. Njira yosinthira iyenera kukhala yodziyimira payokha ndikuyimitsa. Ma traction rollers ayenera kutetezedwa bwino. Chigawo chonse chomwe sichikugwira ntchito cha mphero chiyenera kutsekedwa.

Pogwira ntchito ndi template, zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa ziyenera kumangidwa ndi zida zapadera za template ndi tebulo.

Popanda kukonza kumtunda kwa spindle muzitsulo zothandizira, kugwira ntchito ndi mipeni yozungulira ndi zida zina zodulira ndi m’mimba mwake 100 mm sizololedwa.

Chigawo chosagwira ntchito cha mipeni yozungulira kapena mitu yozungulira iyenera kutetezedwa ndi chophimba chachitsulo. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi mipeni yozungulira kapena mitu yozungulira, kukankhira zinthuzo pa chida chodulira kuyenera kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito slide pomwe zinthuzo ziyenera kumangiriridwa bwino.

Zobowola ndi makina otopetsa

Pogwira ntchito pobowola ndi kubowola makina, zida zonse zosuntha ziyenera kukhala zotchingidwa ndi mpanda. Zinthuzo ziyenera kukhazikika pamwamba pa tebulo ndi zingwe zapadera.

Mabowo ang’onoang’ono akuyenera kubowola ndi makina kapena pneumatic displacement.

Mabowo amayenera kutsekedwa ndi kukhazikika mu katiriji, yomwe imakhala yosalala komanso yozungulira.

Unyolo wa mphero uyenera kukhala ndi mpanda ngati bokosi, womwe umatsikira pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chikukonzedwa pamene unyolo umalowa m’matabwa.

Chigawo chosagwira ntchito cha mphero ndi zida zamakina otopetsa ziyenera kutetezedwa kwathunthu ndi chivundikiro chachitsulo. Kukula kwa mtunda waukulu kwambiri wa mphero kuchokera poyimitsa sikuyenera kupitirira 5 - 6 mm. Tebulo la makina siliyenera kugwedezeka.

Lathes ndikupera

Pogwira ntchito pa lathes ndi makina okopera, chida chodulira chiyenera kukhala chotsekedwa bwino.

Zigawo zonse zozungulira ziyenera kukhala ndi zotchingira zozungulira. Pambuyo pochoka pa lathe, latheyo isatembenuke kapena kunjenjemera mwamphamvu. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kupatsidwa chigoba chopumira chopangidwa ndi galasi yosasweka.

Pogwira ntchito yochitira mchenga pamakina opangira mchenga pamakina, lamba wa mchenga wokhazikika sayenera kukwinya, komanso sayenera kukhala wosagwirizana kapena zolumikizana molakwika.

Popanga mchenga zinthu zing’onozing’ono zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a curvilinear, lamba wakusita ayenera kuphimbidwa ndi mpanda wa gridi, ndikusiya potseguka kuti chinthucho chisasunthike. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kukhala ndi zikopa zachikopa.

Fumbi, moto ndi kumaliza

Mapaipi ochotsa fumbi akuyenera kuyikidwa pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Pogwira ntchito m’madipatimenti omaliza komanso m’malo omanga, sikuloledwa kusuta, kuyatsa machesi ndi nyali zamafuta, kuchita ntchito zowotchera ma electrowelding, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma heater amagetsi. Kutentha kwa masitovu ndi ma radiator sayenera kupitirira 150 °C, ndipo masitovu ndi ma radiator aziyeretsedwa ndi fumbi nthawi zonse.

Zinthu zopenta ziyenera kusungidwa m’mitsuko yomatidwa ndi hermetically.

Mu dipatimenti yomaliza utoto, ma vanishi ndi zida zina zoyaka moto ziyenera kusungidwa mochulukira zomwe sizikupitilira zosowa zakusintha kumodzi. Kusakaniza kwa utoto ndi ma varnish kuyenera kuchitidwa m’zipinda zomwe zakhazikitsidwa. Zipinda, makabati, matebulo, mapaipi olowera mpweya wabwino, mafani, ndi zina zotere ziyenera kutsukidwa mwadongosolo kuchokera ku utoto ndi ma varnish.

Nsalu, nsalu za thonje, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimayikidwa mu mafuta ndi zipangizo zina zopenta, ziyenera kusungidwa m’mabokosi azitsulo omwe amatha kutsekedwa bwino. Pamapeto pa kusintha, mabokosi awa ayenera kutsukidwa. Zida zamagetsi zoyaka moto ziyenera kukhala kunja kwa dipatimenti yomaliza. Zipangizo zowala zokhala ndi nthiti zoziziritsa kukhosi zimayikidwa padenga la chipindacho m’mipata yowala. Kupaka utoto ndi vanishi mwachindunji mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikoletsedwa m’malo ogwirira ntchito, m’zipinda kapena m’nyumba zokhala ndi mpweya wosayenera.

Zida za Compressor ziyenera kuyikidwa kunja kwa msonkhano. Chipangizo cha kompresi, zipinda, makabati, ndi zina zotere ziyenera kukhazikika.

Thanki ya kompresa iyenera kuyikidwa kunja kwa makoma a msonkhano. Kuchuluka kwake kukakhala kokulirapo kuposa 25 l, ndipo chopangidwa pakati pa voliyumu ndi kupanikizika ndi chachikulu kuposa 200 l/atm, ziyenera kulembetsedwa ndi oyang’anira zowotchera.

Zotsegula zogwirira ntchito za zipinda ndi zipinda ziyenera kukhala zoyang’ana komwe kumachokera kuwala kwachilengedwe.

Ogwira ntchito omwe amapenta ndi kupukuta ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ayenera kudziwa bwino momwe amapangira zida, mawonekedwe a utoto ndi ma varnish komanso malamulo oteteza ntchito pomaliza ma workshop.

Kutentha kwa mpweya pamalo ochitira msonkhano kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 18 ndi 22 °C.

Pasakhale zinthu zosafunikira pamalo ogwirira ntchito pafupi ndi popopera mankhwala.

Utali wa mipope yogwirira ntchito ya rabara iyenera kukhala yokwanira.

Zida zoyeretsera kanyumba ndi kukonza zida ziyenera kupezeka kumalo antchito.

Chidziwitso Chomaliza: Asanayambe, kusintha, kuyeretsa, kusintha zida kapena kusokoneza, njira zamakono za opanga ndi kudzipatula motetezeka kwa magwero onse amagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Miyezo ya mbiri yakale ndi kutalika kwa mawuwo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’malo mwa zofunikira, kuyesedwa ndi munthu wodziwa bwino ntchito kapena maphunziro oyendetsa.