Okuqukethwe Kwemibhalo Egciniwe Nokuphepha: I-athikili igcina izilinganiso zomlando, izinto zokwakha nezinqubo, kodwa aliyona idizayini, ukubala okumile, ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi, ukucaciswa kocingo noma umshini, noma imanuwali yokusebenza. Uthango nesango kufanele kufane nendawo, inhloso, umoya, iqhwa, umthwalo, inhlabathi, ukugqwala, ukuphepha kwezingane nezilwane, imithetho yendawo kanye nemingcele yesakhiwo. Amakholomu athwala imithwalo, izisekelo, ukhonkolo oqinisiwe, izingxenye ezishiselwe nezakhiwe, amasango okusebenza nezinsimbi zokuqapha zidinga ukuklama okufanele, ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kanye nokufakwa okuphephile.
Namuhla, i-Savo Kusić igxile emafasiteleni okhuni, amafasitela okhuni-aluminium, amafasitela ngokwezifiso, umnyango kanye nezicelo zekhotheshini. Lo mbhalo usalokhu uyingobo yomlando futhi awuhlanganisi isithembiso sokwenza uthango, amasango, izigxobo zikakhonkolo noma imishini yokuluka inetha.
Uthango lwesikhashana nocingo
Uthango lwesikhashana
Uthango olulula, olushibhile nolwesikhashana lungenziwa ngamagatsha, izinzipho ezimbalwa nocingo oluhlabayo olunobude obufanelekile. Singakwazi ukunamathisela intambo ngaphandle kwamagatsha ngezinzipho. Uma amagatsha ekhula, sizoba nothango.
Uthango luzohlala isikhathi eside kakhulu uma iziphetho zamagatsha omile esiwabeka phansi zicwiliswe itiyela, futhi ucingo oluhlabayo nezinzipho zokubopha zimbozwe ngopende oluwugqinsi lwamafutha. Singagcoba nezingxenye ezingaphezulu zamagatsha - abesikwe ngesaha phambilini ukuze abe nendawo evundlile - ngopende osele ukuze avikeleke emanzini. Yiqiniso, lolu hlobo locingo lungokwesikhashana kuphela futhi alunakho ukubukeka okukhethekile kobuhle. Esiqintini somhlaba esihlelwe ngokuphelele futhi sisendaweni ehlelekile yokuphumula nokuzilibazisa, ayikwazi ukuhlala noma isikhashana (isib.1,1. ingxenye).
Isithombe 1 — izibonelo zokwakhiwa nokusekelwa kwezithango ezihlukene.
Uthango olunezigxobo nocingo oluhlabayo
Uthango olulula lungenziwa futhi ngezigxobo ezincanyana (ugqinsi lwengalo) ngokushayela izigxobo emhlabathini nokubeka ucingo oluhlabayo kuzo emigqeni eminingana emaceleni (fig.1-2.,3. futhi4. ingxenye). Kunconywa ukuthi ucwilise iziphetho zezigxobo etiyeleni ngaphambi kokushayela. Kuyoba kuhle uma iziphetho zezigxobo zigcotshwe ngetiyela ngendlela yokuthi ngemva kokugxoba kusale ezinye.5-10 cmengxenyeni egcotshiweyo phezu kobuso bomhlaba. Izingxenye ezingaphezulu zezigxobo (ubuso) kufanele futhi zifakwe itiyela ukuze zivikeleke emanzini nasekuboleni. Ukuphakama kocingo oluhlabayo ngokuvamile kuvame1,3-1,7 m. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa ngayinye yocingo oluhlabayo liwukuthi20-30 cm. Izintambo zinamathiselwe ngezinzipho ezimise okuka-U.
Ucingo oluhlabayo: Ukufakwa kocingo oluhlabayo kungase kuvinjelwe noma kwenqatshelwe ngokuya ngendawo nenjongo, futhi kubangela ingozi enkulu yokusikeka nokulimala kwabantu nezilwane. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, kufanele uhlole imithethonqubo, imingcele yesakhiwo kanye nokufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba; sebenzisa ithuluzi elizinikele, isivikelo kanye nokuqiniswa okulawulwayo, ngaphandle kokuma endleleni yocingo.
Uthango olunezigxobo nezintambo ezahlukene
Sizokwenza ucingo lushibhe nakakhulu uma, esikhundleni socingo oluhlabayo, sisebenzisa intambo elula eshelelayo enobubanzi obungu-1,5-2 mm, futhi phezulu kuphela futhi mhlawumbe nomugqa ongezansi sisebenzisa intambo ehlabayo. Ucingo luyoba namandla kakhulu uma izigxobo, ezitholakala emagumbini, zisekelwa. Ama-struts angaba mncane kunezigxobo zonqenqema. Ngaphansi kweziphetho zezisekelo, itshe elilodwa elikhulu kufanele libekwe phansi, noma wonke umbhede wokusekela kufanele wenziwe ngamatshe. Lokhu kuyasebenza nasezintweni okungukuthi. izikhonkwane kufanele zifakwe emgodini ombiwe ogcwele igravel noma itshe elichotshoziwe (fig. 1 - 4., 5. kanye 6. ingxenye).
Singenza uthango ngezintambo ezihlukahlukene ngokubeka izintambo ezihlabayo emigqeni engaphezulu nephansi futhi siluke ngokudayagonali ngezintambo ezibushelelezi. Singasebenzisa futhi ama-slats ocingweni, ngakho-ke simane “siwabophe” ngocingo olukhudlwana, futhi kulokhu, ama-coasters amade ngeke adingeke. Kuyoba ngcono nakakhulu uma sinamathisela ucingo ebhethini ngayinye ngesipikili esisodwa esimise okwe-U. Ngemva kokudweba, sibopha imiluko ezigxotsheni ezibekwe phansi ebangeni elingu-2–3 m. Imikhawulo yezigxobo zokhuni nezensimbi kufanele zenziwe ngendlela yokuthi zibambe ngokuqinile phansi (umbhede wamatshe) noma ukhonkolo. Izixazululo ezinikezwe esithombeni zinikeza indawo yokuthi isigxobo singakwazi ukuxega (fig. 2, 1. ingxenye).
Singasheshisa inqubo yokufaka itiyela emaphethelweni ezigxobo uma senza idivayisi elula yale njongo. Kufanele uthathe ipayipi lensimbi noma lensimbi elinobubanzi obukhulu (ipayipi likathayela lesitofu se-“chunak”) bese ufaka ngokuqinile ipulaki yokhuni engxenyeni eyodwa yepayipi. Kudingeka senze indawo yokumisa efanelekile yepayipi ngocingo oluwugqinsi noma insimbi kakhonkolo. Ukuphela kwepayipi ngepulaki kufanele kubekwe esitini, uthele itiyela noma i-bitumen epayipini bese wenza umlilo omncane nxazonke. Ngemuva kwalokho sizocwilisa iziphetho zezigxobo entweni encibilikile (isib.2,2. ingxenye). Yiqiniso, izigxobo zidinga ukugcinwa isikhathi esithile entweni encibilikisiwe ukuze zikwazi ukushiswa futhi zifakwe itiyela. Ngendlela efanayo - yebo ngaphandle komlilo - singapenda iziphetho zezinsika ngopende wamafutha noma ngopende we-nitro okhudlwana.
Isithombe2- ukusekelwa kwezinsika kanye nomlando wokuvikela iziphetho zabo.
Ungakusebenzisi okokushisa okubonisiwe: umlilo ovulekile ngaphansi kwepayipi elinetiyela noma itiyela uthwala ingozi yomlilo, ukusha, ukugeleza, intuthu evuthayo nentuthu eyingozi. Ungashisi itiyela, itiyela, ama-coatings noma izinto ezingaziwa endaweni yesikhashana. Ukuze uvikele izinkuni, sebenzisa uhlelo oluvunyiwe lwesicelo esithile, ngokuhambisana neshidi lobuchwepheshe, izinyathelo zokuvikela kanye nemithetho yokuvikela umhlabathi namanzi.
Amakholomu ekhonkolo nensimbi kanye nokugcwaliswa
Izigxobo zothango lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe
Ukuthengwa kwamapulangwe kuvame ukuba yinkinga futhi ukhuni aluyona into eqinile njengokhonkolo noma insimbi. Manje sizonikeza iseluleko sendlela yokwenza (uzenzele) uthango lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe oluhlala njalo futhi olumise ngobuhle.
Isixazululo esihle nesishibhile isb. uthango lwamabhande kakhonkolo anohlaka lwamathambo ensimbi. Amagida kakhonkolo enziwa ngokuthela ukhonkolo ongahluziwe kukholomu. Kumakholomu aqondile, i-angi ye-engeli okungenani engu-35x35 mm noma ubukhulu obufanayo bensimbi yephrofayela L, U, njll. kufanele kuthathwe. Izakhi zokuxhuma ezivundlile phakathi kwamakholomu nazo zenziwe ngensimbi enephrofayili noma eyisicaba. Uma ingekho i-ayoni eyisicaba, intambo ewugqinsi engu-5-6 cm nayo ifanelekile. Ama-engeli ensimbi ozimele angafakwa izinto zokubiya ngendlela efunwa ngayo, isb. intambo ehlabayo, i-wire mesh, insimbi yeshidi, njll. (fig. 3).
Isithombe 3 — ukumelwa komlando kokukhiqizwa kwezisekelo zikakhonkolo ngohlaka lwensimbi.
Izigxobo zothango lukakhonkolo oluqinisiwe nazo zingenziwa ngesisekelo se-DIY kusetshenziswa izifanekiso ezifanele. Isifanekiso singenziwa ngamapayipi okhuni, ensimbi, namapayipi ayindilinga ka-asbestos-usimende. Amakhava esifanekiso enziwe ngokhuni anezimbobo zama-rebar ezifanayo. Ingaphakathi lepayipi kufanele ligcotshwe ukuze ukhonkolo unganamatheli kuwo (umkhiwane 4). Akumelwe sikhohlwe, yebo, izimbobo zokunamathisela izintambo noma izintambo zocingo ocingweni, ngoba zinzima kakhulu ukuzibhoboza kamuva. Lezi zimbobo kufanele zibe ngendlela yokuthi izingcezu zezintambo ze-2-3 mm zingafakwa kuzo, futhi sizofaka usimende kamuva futhi sinamathisele izinto zocingo kuzo. Singanamathisela umugqa ongaphezulu wocingo oluhlabayo kubha kakhonkolo ephuma engxenyeni engenhla yeposi. Ekugcineni, ekugcineni kwamakholomu, singenza “amakepisi« amise okwephiramidi ngosimende.
Isithombe 4 — isibonelo sokusekela nokulenga isango lensimbi elilula.
I-Asbestos kanye nokhonkolo othwalayo: Amapayipi kasimende e-asbestos okukhulunywe ngawo embhalweni womlando akufanele asikwe, abhojwe, agaywe, aphulwe noma asetshenziswe njengesikhunta. Izinto ezikhona ezisolisayo kufanele zihlolwe futhi zisuswe yinhlangano egunyaziwe yochwepheshe ngokwemithetho esebenzayo. Ubukhulu bephrofayela, ukuqinisa, ungqimba oluvikelayo lukakhonkolo, isisekelo, ukujula kokusekelwa, ingxube, ukunakekelwa kanye nesikhathi sokulayisha kunqunywa icala elithile; izinyathelo zomlando ezisohlwini azizona izibalo noma imininingwane.
Uthango olunezinsimbi nezinto ezifakiwe
Singenza uthango oluqinile futhi oluhle ngephrofayela ye-U yensimbi 30-35 mm, ngamafreyimu enziwe ngensimbi enephrofayili kanye nezinsika zikakhonkolo noma zamatshe. Izinto ezime mpo zegridi, ezenziwe ngamaphrofayela we-U wobude obufanele, zinamathiselwe kumaphrofayela avundlile ozimele anama-rivets okuthi 4-6 mm, abeshisiswe ngaphambilini kwaze kwaba bomvu kushisa. Ngokwale ndlela - ngamakholomu amatshe - ibanga phakathi kwamakholomu linganyuswa libe ngu-4 noma 5 m. Kuphrofayili yensimbi evundlile engenhla, singanamathisela - ngoku-riveting noma ngezikulufo - “ama-barbs” enziwe ngokufoja,
Izici ezicijile zingenziwa kusukela ekufakweni kozimele okwenziwe ngomumo okungathengwa esitolo. Kungcono uma, kulolu hlobo locingo, isisekelo senziwe ngamatshe, futhi okufakiwe kuhlanganiswe nezigxobo zensimbi ze-tubular noma ezinephrofayili. Njengoba ubude bokufakwayo buhlangene nohlaka 1,6 m, ibanga phakathi kwamakholomu linqunywa ngokuhlukile ngalokhu. Faka amafreyimu anamathiselwe kumakholomu anekholomu ebangeni elingu-1,7 m.
Ungaphinda uthenge amasango enziwe ngomumo ezitolo, kodwa singakwazi nokuzenzela isango ngokwethu ngohlaka olunensimbi enephrofayili kanye ne-wire mesh eminyene, i-riveting noma sisebenzisa izikulufu. Amakholomu amapayipi kufanele avaliwe ngepulaki, epende ngokuphindaphindiwe, eyenziwe ngokhuni noma impahla yokwenziwa, ukuze amanzi angangeni ngaphakathi kwepayipi futhi abangele ukugqwala.
I-Hot Riveting and Metal Barbs: Ukusebenza ngama-rivets ashisayo, ama-forging, ama-welding namaphetho acijile kudinga izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe, izinto zokusebenza ezifanele, ukulawula umlilo kanye nomklamo ohlangene. Amaphuzu abukhali akufanele adale ubungozi obungamukelekile kwababukele, izingane noma izilwane. Ukuvikela ukugqwala nokugeleza kwamanzi kusuka kumaphrofayili avaliwe kuxazululwa iphrojekthi, hhayi ngokuvala okuthuthukisiwe.
Amasango engadini alula
Ngokusebenzisa izinto zokhuni noma zensimbi, singenza amasango amancane engadini ngokwethu. Itshe elikhudlwana kufanele libekwe ngaphansi kwembobo ukuze kube khona isigxobo sokusekela esiyinhloko ukuvimbela isigxobo ukuthi singazinzi. Uma kungenjalo, isigxobo kufanele singcwatshwe okungenani 50-60 cm emhlabathini. Amandla ekholomu angakhuliswa ngokuthululela itshe elichotshoziwe nxazonke zekholomu, uthele ukhonkolo phezu kwalo futhi uhlanganise kancane. Ingxenye yepayipi yensimbi enebhola elilodwa lensimbi kufanele ibekwe kulo mbhede wekhonkrithi - yebo ngaphambi kwamasethi okhonkolo - njengoba kuboniswe ngokuningiliziwe emdwebeni. Ibhola lizophumula ku-shaft yensimbi yesango. Engxenyeni engenhla, isango libekwe (elilengiswa) embhedeni oyisicaba owenziwe ngentambo (isithombe 5).
Image 5 — imininingwane yomlando yokusekelwa kwesango lensimbi elilula.
Uhlaka lwesango lungenziwa kokubili ngokhuni nensimbi. Kufreyimu, ehlinzekwa ngokuqiniswa kwe-diagonal, singabe sesibeka ama-slats noma i-wire mesh. Isango lingase lenziwe ngepayipi lensimbi elidwetshiwe noma eligoqiwe eliyiyintshi eyodwa. Ipayipi igobela esimweni esifisayo ngokuxhuma ingxenye eyodwa ngepulaki yokhuni, bese igcwalisa yonke ngesihlabathi bese ixhuma enye ingxenye. Ephuzwini lokugoba ishubhu liyashiswa kube ukukhanya okubomvu ngokugqamile futhi ekugcineni kwenziwe ukugoba okufunekayo. Ngemuva kokukhipha isihlabathi, ipulaki yensimbi enephinikhodi iqhutshelwa ekugcineni kwepayipi ngokusho kwemininingwane yomdwebo, futhi indandatho ecacile ibekwe phezulu ngama-rivets noma izikulufa, bese kuba ama-laths noma i-wire mesh. Ucezu lwepayipi lensimbi elinebhola lensimbi libuye lisetshenziswe njengesisekelo esingaphansi.
Ipayipi Lokushisa Nokugoba: incazelo yokugcwalisa ipayipi ngesihlabathi bese uyishisisa ukuze ishise ngokubomvu akuyona imanuwali ephephile yomsebenzi wasekhaya. Ipayipi elivaliwe noma elingaziwa, umswakama, okokumboza kanye nezingqimba zikathayela kungaholela ekucindezelweni, ukukhishwa kwepulaki, umlilo kanye nentuthu eyingozi. Ukugoba, ukushisela nokwelashwa kokushisa kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa inqubo elawulwayo egunyazwe uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.
Uthango olushibhile futhi oluqinile kakhulu lwenziwe ngocingo. Kunconywa ukwenza i-wire braiding ekhaya, ngoba ukusebenza kwe-braiding kungenziwa ngamathuluzi alula kanye nemishini.
Umshini Wokuluka Wenethi Omlando
Umshini wokunitha we-mesh wenziwa kuye ngokuthi ibuphi ubukhulu bemeshi esibufunayo othangweni. Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa ubukhulu bamaluphu 80x80, 60x60 kanye no-45x45 mm. Lapha sizobonisa ubukhulu be-loop maker 80x80. Sizochaza amadivaysi adingekayo ngokulandelana kokugeleza kwentambo kunqubo yokukhiqiza (Fig. 6,7,8).
Figure 6 — loop geometry kanye nemininingwane yomlando yerola.
I-wire unwindinder ivimbela intambo ukuthi ingahlangani. I-axial bearing enkulu ibekwe phakathi nendawo yokubeka i-horizontally, ibhodi eliyisicaba libekwe phezu kwalo, futhi ibhakede libekwe ebhodini. Ikhoyili yentambo ibekwe ngokugxila eduze kwebhakede elihlanganiswe nesisindo. Ucingo ludonswa ku-spool luye ku-tensioner. I-tensioner iqukethe 3 izingcezu ze-pulley ezihlaliswe endlini egobile. Ukungezwani kuyanda noma kwehliswe ngokulungisa indawo ye-pulley ephakathi. Kuzikulufu, ezakha i-axis yama-reels, izingcezu zepayipi zibekwe lapho ama-reels ajikeleza kalula. Ububanzi bamapayipi kufanele bube bukhulu ngo-1,5-1 mm kunobubanzi berili.
Image 7 — izingxenye eziyinhloko zendlela yomlando yokwenza ucingo.
Ngemva kwe-tensioner kuza isibhamu samafutha. Iqukethe isiqephu sendwangu esongwe ngocingo. Ngenye intambo, indwangu inamathiselwe kusekelo. Indwangu ihlale ifakwe emafutheni. Kokubili i-tensioner kanye ne-oiler kunamathele ngokuqinile phansi.
Isisekelo somshini yibhodi eliyisicaba elinendawo ekhanyayo. Ubude baleli bhodi buyisigamu semitha ubude kunobude obufunayo benetha. Ibhodi kanye nomshini kufanele kubekwe etafuleni eliqinile lomsebenzi.
Ingxenye yomshini wokugoba iluphu iyishubhu lensimbi elinodonga olujiyile kanye nendawo yangaphakathi ebushelelezi. Ummese owenziwe ngeshidi eliqinile elinezindawo eziqinile uzungeza ngaphakathi kweshubhu. Intambo (groove) ububanzi kufanele isikwe epayipini lensimbi4-5 mm nge-engeli yokuthambekela ye45°,5 cmphambi kokuphela kwepayipi, futhi imbobo enemiphetho eyindilinga kufanele ibhojwe ekugcineni kwentambo. Ishubhu kufanele lishiselwe kusokhethi emise okwe-V ukuze lingavali intambo eyenziwe ngokugaya noma kuphi. Umbhede omise okuka-V kanye namapayipi kufanele ushiselwe epuleti lensimbi elilodwa. Khona-ke i-shaft kufanele yenziwe futhi ukuthwala kufakwe, okuboniswa ngokugcwele esithombeni no. VII-37b. Kungcono ukwenza ukuthwala kube phansi kancane, ngoba kamuva lapho ukugoqa ukuphakama kungalungiswa nge-shims. Ummese unamathiselwe ku-groove ye-shaft ngesikulufa, kodwa futhi ungavinjelwa nge-fuse.
Isithombe8- ukugeleza kocingo ezingxenyeni zomshini womlando.
Ukuvikela Emshinini: imidwebo ayibonisi onogada besimanje, isitobhi esiphuthumayo, isilawuli se-kickback, umzila ophephile wezintambo, ingxenye yokuhlola amandla noma isilawuli sokusonga. Izintambo eziqinile, izingxenye ezijikelezayo, iziphetho ezicijile, izisindo namahhuku athuthukisiwe kungabangela ukuvaleleka, ukubhoboza, ukusika noma umthelela. Le ncazelo ayanele ukwenza noma ukusebenzisa umshini.
I-shaft kumele ijike kalula ku-bearing futhi engxenyeni yerola engasikiwe. Imbobo yokugcoba kufanele ibhojwe engxenyeni engenhla ye-bearing. Igebe phakathi kweblade nengaphakathi lerola kufanele libe 0,5-1 mm.
Indawo yetafula lomsebenzi kufanele ilungiswe ngendlela yokuthi i-mesh elukiwe ikwazi ukusuka kalula, yelulwe ngokudayagonali phezulu.
A 2“ ipayipi ingasetshenziselwa i-winder, eboshelwe ku-roller yokhuni noma i-lath yokhuni ekwazi ukuphenduka kalula. Kulokhu, i-wattle izolimala. Ukuze kuqiniswe, kungasetshenziswa izitini eziningana eziboshwe ocingweni olulodwa oluqinile. Ukuphela kocingo kufanele kwakhiwe ngendlela yesikhathi esixhunywe kwi-hook. ihuku kufanele inyakaze.
Inqubo yokusebenza imi kanje: umsebenzi kufanele uqalwe ngokugcoba umshini kanye ne-tensioner. Ocingweni, esidlule ku-tensioner nangesibhamu samafutha, kufanele sigobe ingxenye eyodwa yezihibe bese sixhuma lokhu (phezu kwe-groove ku-roller) emaphethelweni ommese. Khona-ke, ngokuguqula isibambo, intambo eyodwa kufanele yenziwe, ubude bayo buyi-loops eyodwa nengxenye ubude kunokuphakama okufunayo kocingo. Simisa ukusonga lapho intambo yesilonda yocingo ikhombisa isiqondiso sokusonga. Ngemva kwalesi hook eqinile izipikili kufanele ngesando kusukela3-4 mm(ongenakhanda) ebhodini ukuze2-3izihibe ukusuka ekugcineni kwentambo ukuya ngaphakathi. Uma inethiwekhi iyinde kune1 m, khona-ke isipikili esisodwa kufanele sibethelwe phakathi. Izipikili kufanele ziqhutshwe ukuze izikhundla zabo zingabikho emigodini engezansi yezihibe, zibheke ebhodini, kodwa isigamu sokuphakama sibuyele emuva ekugobeni okuphezulu. Khona-ke ebangeni lesigamu sokuphakama kwezihibe kusuka kummese kanye nengxenye yobubanzi bezihibe, sinquma intambo.
Donsela intambo yokuqala emuva ngohhafu weluphu futhi uyixhume ezinziphoni, uyiqinise ngesandla sakho nangentambo ngenkathi ugoqa (kowokuqala) kanye nentambo yesibili. Lapho sinquma intambo yesibili, kufanele sicabangele ukuthi isigamu sobude bezihibe siyadingeka ukuze sibophe izintambo ndawonye. Kungcono ukubeka ucezu lwephepha elimhlophe ebhodini, ngoba ngale ndlela kuzoba lula ukulandela ukusonteka okuhlangene kwama-loops kanye nokungasebenzi kahle okungenzeka. Ukuze intambo ingahambi ohlangothini, kuyadingeka ukugoba kahle ukuphela kokungena kwentambo ejikelezayo. Umshini ungahlanganisa inetha lobude obufiswayo nobude obungenamkhawulo. Impahla engcono kakhulu yocingo i-galvanized soft wire2,2 mm. Kusuka kule ntambo ubude obumlukiwe1 mubude be buyadingeka1,45 m. Ocingweni olunezihibe ze80x80okwe1 mi-ether iyadingeka25 noma, ngalokho, 1 m2kufanele36,35 mucingo, isisindo sayo siyi3dkg ngentambo ngayinye, noma isiyonke1,10 kg.
Ngejubane lokungcebeleka umuntu angakwazi ukuluka 3–4 m2 uthango ngehora.
Amathiphu ambalwa amahle kakhulu: ngokugcotshwa okuhle, amandla amancane azodingeka futhi umshini womshini ngeke ugcwale kakhulu. Uma ucingo luqine kakhulu, kufanele ubase umlilo we-wicker eduze kwe-spool yocingo bese uluvumela ukuthi luphole kancane. Le ndlela izothambisa ucingo ngendlela efanele.
Ungabasa umlilo eduze kwekhoyili: Ukufudumeza ucingo olungaziwa, oluboshwe noma oluvulwe ngelangabi elivulekile kungabangela umlilo, ushintsho olungalawuleki ezintweni ezibonakalayo kanye nentuthu eyingozi. Ukuqina, uhlobo, ukunamathela kanye nokufaneleka kocingo kuhlolwa kumadokhumenti omhlinzeki; ucingo olungafanele “alulungiswa” ngokufakwa okuthuthukisiwe.
Impela, namuhla sekukhona nemishini yesimanje eyengeziwe yokuluka izintambo, futhi umgomo wokusonta kwayo okuzenzakalelayo uboniswa ngezansi.
Inothi lokugcina: Ngaphambi kwanoma yiluphi ucingo noma isango, umngcele wendawo, izimvume, ukufakwa ngaphansi komhlaba, i-geometry yokuvula ne-sash, i-crush and shear, ikholomu nokusimama kwesisekelo, umthwalo womoya, ukugqwala, ukuphepha komsebenzisi nendlela yokukhiya iyahlolwa. Izinyathelo zomlando nezinqubo ezivela kulesi sihloko kufanele zibhekwe kuphela njengomthombo wengobo yomlando.