Kei roto hoki i te whakarite katoa i te whare noho ko te whakarite i te whakamahana. Ko te whakamahana pokapū te otinga tino hou, tino pai rawa atu hoki. Mēnā he pērā te whakamahana i te whare noho, ko tā tātou anake he tiaki i te whatunga paipa me ngā taputapu whakamahana. Ā, tētahi atu mea anō - ko te tiaki i ngā pakitara kei runga ake i ngā radiata kia kore ai e puta ngā poke pango nā te puehu kua tahuna.
Hei tātai i te hiahia whakamahana kāore e ranea te mōhio ki te uara calorific o te hāngai whakamahana, nā te mea ka whakawhirinaki hoki taua tātai ki ētahi atu āhuatanga maha, pērā i te ahunga o ngā hau, te kaha whakamārō o ngā pakitara me ērā atu. He uaua te tātai (ā, kāore e hoatu i te hua tino tika), nō reira kua hoatu ki te ripanga ngā raraunga whakamōhio mō te wera e hiahiatia ana. Me mōhio anō, i te whakamahi i ngā wahie mārō ko ngā ngaronga wera kei waenganui i te 20–50%, ā, i te whakamahi i te hiko, ngā wahie wai me te hau ko 10 20%.
I runga anō i ngā raraunga kua hoatu ka taea hoki te whakatau i ngā rahinga wera e hiahiatia ana mō te whakamahana i ngā rūma o ngā rahi me ngā tūnga rerekē.
Whakawera hau
Ahakoa he hou, he iti hoki te utu o te whakamahana hau, he maha tonu ngā mōrearea e pā ana ki te whakahaere i ngā taputapu hau me tā rātou tāutanga. Ko te tikanga, mēnā kāore aua mōrearea e tino mōhiotia, ka whakahaeretia rānei i runga i te matapōkere. E mārama ana ehara te tokomaha o ngā wharanga i te mea nui rawa i ngā rori me ngā wheketere, engari tonu i roto i ngā kāinga. I roto i ēnei aituā, ko te nuinga ka puta nā te whakamahi hē i te hau me ngā taputapu hau. Ko te ture »hanga māu anō« mō te hau ehara i te mea kāore e hiahiatia noa, engari i te nuinga o ngā take, ka tino rāhuitia! Heoi, kāore tēnei rāhui e tohu ana kia kore rawa te tangata mahi o te whare e aro ki taua »kaupapa rāhui«. Tērā kē, he mea pai tonu kia mōhio ia ki tēnei wāhanga e hiahiatia ana he pūkenga motuhake. Mā konei ka māmā ake tana aromātai i ngā mōrearea kei reira, ā, ka āhei hoki ia ki te whakatau ki hea ka taea e ia anake te whakatika me te tiaki i te tāutanga hau.
Ahakoa he nui ake i te maha ngā wā te pānga whakangaro o te hau i tō te iahiko hiko, kāore te hau i te tino kōhuru, nō te mea he māmā ake, he tere ake hoki te kite i te mōrearea nōna. I ēnei rā e whakamahia ana e toru ngā momo hau: te hau nō te whatunga tāone, e kīia ana ko te hau tāone, ko te hau kanapa rānei; te hau e keri mai ana i te whenua, ā, ka tukuna mā ngā paipa ki ngā kaihoko, arā ko te hau māori; ā, ko te whakamutunga, ko te propana-butana, e kawea ana i roto i ngā pātara maitai, ā, ka whakapotongia hei РВ–gas
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o ēnei hau e whakaaturia ana i te ripanga e whai ake nei:
Hau Taumaha tauwhāiti o te hau Uara wera
(0 - 1) kilokalori/m3
Hau tāone 0,64 3600 - 4000
Hau māori 0,62 9000 - 9900
РВ - hau 1,89 27000 - 29300
Ko te mea nui kia ū ki ngā tohutohu e whai ake nei: mēnā ka hongi tātou i te kakara hau KĀORE RAWA E TAEA te whakaweto i te rama hiko, te tahu ahi, te kuhu ki te rūma me ngā hū whai kōpae, te tūhono, te momotu rānei i te pūwhāurutau, te whakaweto i te pātītiti! Kua rāhuitia ngā pātara maitai o te hau PB kia whakamahia, kia penapenahia rānei i ngā rūma kei raro iho i te taumata o te whenua, ki te taha rānei o ngā kūaha me ngā matapihi, nā te mea kāore e taea te tango i te hau mā te whakamāori hau i muri iho, i te mea he taumaha ake i te hau. Ki te whakapaetia kua puta te hau ki tētahi wāhi, me unu ngā hū, ā, me kuhu ki te rūma, me whakatuwhera āta, ā pōturi nei ngā kūaha me ngā matapihi.
Me arotake pūmau ngā hononga o te paipa, te ngongo rapa me ngā hononga hau PB, me te āheitanga o ngā takirere. Kāore tētahi o ēnei wāhanga e āhei ki te tuku hau. He MŌREAREA KI TE ORANGA te whakamātau i te turuturu mā te mura ahi, ā, nō reira kua RĀRAHIA! Ka taea te tirotiro mā te pani i ngā wāhanga whakapae ki te wai hopi tino nui te hopi. Ki te puta ngā mirumiru, he tohu pūmau tērā e turuturu ana taua wāhanga.
He mea tino nui kia mā tonu tā tātou umu hau i ngā wā katoa. Ko te paru kua wera, i tua atu i te whakararu i te āhua ātaahua o te umu, ka pā hoki ki te tahunga o te hau, ā, tērā pea ka mate ai te mura me te puta o ngā kapiti i te tuku. Ko te wāhanga tino nui o te umu hau ko te tahu, arā ko te »ngongo«. Ko te ngongo, inā kē, he rama Bunsen, e mahi ana mā te tuku hau mā tētahi pupuhi iti, ahakoa he iti noa teitei ake te pēhanga o te hau i te pēhanga o te hau huri noa. Nā te iti o te whiti o te pupuhi, ka uru te hau i te tere nui ki te whakaranu, he maha ōna kōhao ki te taha. Nā te nui o te tere o te rere o te hau, ka kumea mai te hau huri noa, arā ko te hau tuatahi. (wh. 1, taha mauī).
ATA 1
Mā ngā kōhao kei te pane o te paipa, nō reira, ka rere kē te ranunga hau me te hauhā, ā, i konei anō ka tōia mai te hau (kua noho kē he hau tuarua) nō te taiao. Nā tēnei whakaranu takirua ka hangaia te mura Bunsen kāore he huka. Ka tahuna te mura me te tae kikorangi, ā, tata kāore he māramatanga e puta ana, engari he tino kākāriki tōna manawa. Ki te nui te hau i roto i te ranunga, ka pōkarekare te tahunga, ka puta te huka, ā, he kowhai te tae o te mura. Ki te nui te hau i roto i te ranunga, ā, he nui te tere o te rerenga, ka puta te hau ki te wāhi mārakerake tere ake i te āheinga o te tahunga, ā, ka “wehe” atu i te pane o te paipa ka mate te mura. He āhuatanga tino mōrearea tēnei, nā te mea ahakoa kua mate te mura, kei te puta tonu te hau. Engari kāore e iti iho te mōrearea o te āhuatanga ka hoki te mura ki te whakaranu nā te iti rawa o te tere rerenga, ā, ka tahuna i reira me te pākorokoro me ngā pahūtanga iti (sl.1, taha matau). Ko te take o te tere nui rawa o te rerenga hau he whānui rawa o te puhu, he pēhanga nui ake rānei; ā, ko te take o te tere iti rawa he ārai o te puhu, he pēhanga iti ake rānei. Ka whakahaerehia te pēhanga mā te takirere whakaheke, ā, me tuku tēnei mahi ki tētahi tohunga. Ko te whakakapi i te puhu kua whānui rawa me mahia anake e te tohunga. Ka taea hoki, āe rā anō, te horoi i te puhu kua ārai, mā te wero ki te waea ngohengohe (parahi). I konei me tūpato kia kaua e whānui ake te kōhao o te puhu, nā te mea he torutoru noa iho ngā rau o te mitamano tōna diameter. E rua ngā puhu kei roto i te paipa. Ko te puhu runga mō te mahi noa, ko te puhu raro mō te mura iti. Ka tukuna te hau mai i te paipa ki te puhu mā te takirere kōpiko (sl. 2, wāhanga runga).
Kei te wāhanga raro o te putorino tētahi tīwiri hei whakatika i te mura. Mā reira e taea ai te whakatika ki tētahi whānuitanga te tawhiti i waenganui i te tahu me te wāhanga raro o te ipu, engari me aro ki te meka ka huri anō te tūranga taunga o te pūtake takirere me te putorino ina panoni te tūnga o te putorino, ā, ka tino pā tēnei ki te pānga kōkuhu-ngote o te whakaranu. Mā te hiki ake i te rāhui tahu ka taea te nuku ngāwari i te putorino ki runga, ka tango atu. Ka taea ngā wāhanga kī o te putorino, te rāhui me te taupoki, te horoi i te tā paraihe kaha i te pūkohu me ngā toenga kai kua tahu. I muri i te horoi i ngā wāhanga me tino horoi ki te hopi horoi, ā, kātahi anake i muri i te maroke katoa ka whakahoki ki tō rātou tūranga (sl. 2, pokapū).
In winter, heating the kitchen can be solved by the stove flame. This is only seemingly favorable and economical. Namely, by burning one cubic meter of gas, 600 grams of water are created in the room in the form of water vapor. This water settles on the furniture, runs down it and dirties it, and is harmful to health. In addition, the air in the room will be quickly consumed, and with it the oxygen. A lack of oxygen can, to a lesser extent, cause headache and mild poisoning. but it often happens that the reduced oxygen content is not sufficient for combustion, so the flame goes out, while the gas continues to flow.
WHAKAATU 2
I ngā take pēnei ka noho ngā tāngata kei roto i te rūma i raro i te mōrea paitini. Ki te kore he tangata i roto i te rūma, i te wā e kuhu atu ana me te whakakā i te rama hiko ka taea te pahū o te whare katoa. Nō reira, i te wehenga atu i te kāinga me aro motuhake ki te kati pūmau i te rerenga hau. Me tohu anō, mō ngā taputapu hau nui ake ka whakamahia ngā kīia nei he pūwera hau mārō. Ka rerekē i ngā pūwera Bunsen, kāore he whakaranu tuatahi ki te hau, ā, nā konei he kōwhai te tae o te mura i roto i a rātou.
Whakamahana kōhauhau
He maha tonu te whakamahi hau mō te whakamahana. Heoi anō, he tino raruraru ngā taputapu whakamahana iraruke, ā, nā reira kāore mātou e tino taunaki ana; engari ko te whakamahana mā te rerenga hau e taunakihia ana e mātou. (Ko te rerenga – te nekeneke o te hau māhana). Ko te painga o tēnei oumu hau, ko te hau e hiahiatia ana mō te tahunga me ngā hua o te tahunga ka kumea mai i waho, ā, ka tukuna ngā hau kua tahuna ki waho o te ruma. Nō reira, kāore he tumere e hiahiatia ana mō te oumu, engari me whai tētahi pakitara wātea o te ruma e pā ana ki te hau o waho, nā te mea ka taea anake te whakanoho i te konuketa ki tētahi pakitara pēnei.
Ko te wera e puta mai ana i te koneta hau ka whakawhitia ki te hau e karapoti ana mā te tikanga o te anga oumu, ā, nā te pānga o te wera ka neke porowhita te hau. Ko te mea pai rawa ko te whakanoho i te koneta ki raro iho i te matapihi, nā te mea i reira ka kuhu mai te hau mātao ki te rūma, ā, ko reira hoki te nui rawa o te pānga whakawera. He iti noa te pānga wera tika o te koneta mā te iraruke.
Kua tino kati te wāhi wera o te konawera hau, (arā, kāore e whakawhirinaki ki te hau o te rūma), ka whiwhi te hau e hiahiatia ana mō te wera i waho, ā, ka puta hoki ngā hua o te wera mā te paipa takirua ki te wāhi tūwhera. Kāore e taea te rere whakamuri, nā te mea ka puta ngā hau auahi, ā, ka kuhu mai te hau i raro i te pēhanga ōrite, arā, ka tū te tukanga ki roto i tētahi wāhi pēhanga ōrite. Mā konei kua whakaritea i mua he tōhau pai me te wera o ngā hua o te wera (wh. 2, raro matau).
Ka taea te whakahaere i te takirere o te konveketa hau, ā, kua rite te taputapu ki te kīia nei he pūkāhore kore-gas. he pūwera pūrerehua me te pūkāhore mura mō te whakakā. I te nuinga o te wā he tuwhera tō te wāhanga runga o te uhi o te konveketa hau. He tino pai te taupū painga o te konveketa, ā, tata ki te 80 - 85%, nō reira ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakamahana i ngā rūma nui ake (30-40 m2). I tētahi rūma kotahi ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā konveketa maha, mēnā e hiahiatia ana. I ngā tūemi poraka, papa rānei o ngā whare o ngā kāinga hou, ka hanga kē ngā kōhao mō te konveketa i te wā e hangaia ana aua tūemi. E tohu ana tēnei he whakamahana hou te whakamahana mā te konveketa.
Ko te tikanga matua mō te tāuta i ngā convector ko te whakaaetanga hanga e tika ana, ā, ko te tāutanga mā te hinonga, mā te tohunga ringa rānei kua whakangungua mō tēnei anake.
Me kī anō hoki tātou ka nui rawa te whakapau a te whakamahana hau i te hāora o te rūma. Mēnā kāore e whakaritea tika te whakamāori hau, nā te kore o te hāora ka tineia te mura, ā, ka rere tonu te hau paitini ki roto i te rūma. (I runga i ngā taputapu hou ake kua tāuta kē hoki ngā takirere whakahaere e kati ai te tuku hau ina tineia te mura).
E mārama ana ko te whakamahana mā te hiko te mea e whakarato ana i te whakamarie tino nui, engari koia hoki te mea tino utu nui. Ko ngā taputapu whakamahana hiko mai i 220 V tae atu ki 0,5 ki 10 kW e āhei ana te whakamahi anake kia tino ū ki ngā ture. Ko te whakanoho (te tāuta) me te tiaki o ēnei taputapu he mahi mā te tohunga anake. Ahakoa kei te kaha ake te whakamahia o ngā tikanga whakamahana hou i ia wā, i ngā kāinga tonu ko te huarahi whakamahana tikanga mā ngā umu te mea e tino whakamahia ana. Kei konei hoki ngā umu hinu whakawera, nā te mea ko te rerekētanga anake i ngā umu waro, he iti ake te auau me te rerekē hoki o te tūnga tahu.
Mō te whakamahana ōhanga me mōhio ki te kaha wera o ia momo wahie, te nui o te hau e hiahiatia ana mō te tahu, me te wāhi e hiahiatia ana mō te penapena wahie. E hoatu ana e tā mātou ripanga e whai ake nei ngā pārongo mō ēnei rahi. I te tātari i ēnei raraunga ka taea hoki te whakatau ko te mea nei, ko te »wahie utu nui he iti ake te utu«.
