Engxenyeni ephelele yokuhleleka kwefulethi kuhlanganisa nokuhlinzekwa kokushisisa. Ukushisisa okumaphakathi kuyisixazululo sesimanje kakhulu nesizuzisa kakhulu. Uma efulethini sinokushisisa okunjalo, okusisele wukunakekela kuphela inethiwekhi yamapayipi namadivayisi okushisisa. Futhi okunye - ukuvikela izindonga ezingaphezu kwama-radiator emabhulwini amnyama othuli olushile.
Ukuze kubalwe isidingo sokufudumeza akusanele ukwazi inani lekhalori lesisetshenziswa sokufudumeza, ngoba lokho kubalwa kuncika nasezicini eziningi ezinjengokuthi isib. indlela yomoya, amandla okuvikela ukushisa ezindongeni nokunye. Ukubala kuyinkimbinkimbi (futhi akuniki umphumela onembile kakhulu), ngakho etafuleni kunikezwe imininingwane yokushisa okudingekayo. Kumele futhi kwaziwe ukuthi uma kusetshenziswa uphethiloli oqinile ukulahleka kokushisa kuba 20–50%, kanti uma kusetshenziswa ugesi, uphethiloli owuketshezi kanye negesi 10 20%.
Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olunikeziwe kungalinganiselwa futhi amanani okushisa adingekayo ekushiseni amakamelo anobukhulu nezindawo ezihlukahlukene.
Ukushisisa ngegesi
Nakuba ukufudumeza ngegesi kuyindlela yesimanje futhi eshibhile, kusenobungozi obuningi ekusingatheni amadivayisi egesi nasekufakweni kwawo. Yebo, lokho kusebenza kuphela uma lezo zingozi zingaziwa kahle noma kuphathwa zona ngokunganaki. Kuyaziwa kahle ukuthi inani lokulimala alikho phezulu kakhulu emigwaqweni nasezimbonini, kodwa ngempela emakhaya. Phakathi kwalezi zingozi, eziningi zenzeka ngenxa yokusebenzisa igesi namadivayisi egesi ngendlela engafanele. Umthetho wokuthi »zenzele wena« uma kuziwa kugesi awugcini nje ngokungafaneleki, kodwa ezimweni eziningi unqatshelwe ngokuqinile! Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvinjelwa akusho ukuthi umninikhaya akumele nhlobo azinike isikhathi salo »mkhakha onganqatshelwa«. Kunalokho, kuyancomeka ukuthi awazi nalona mkhakha lapho kudingeka khona ikhono elithile lobuchwepheshe. Ngale ndlela uzokwazi kangcono ukuhlola izingozi ezikhona futhi akwazi ukunquma ukuthi kuze kube kuphi angalungisa futhi anakekele ukufakwa kwegesi yedwa.
Umphumela oqeda kakhulu wegesi udlula kakhulu umphumela kagesi, nokho igesi ayinabo ubuqili obukhulu kangako, ngoba ingozi yayo ibonakala kalula futhi ngokushesha. Namuhla kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezintathu zegesi: igesi evela kunethiwekhi yedolobha, ebizwa ngegesi yedolobha noma ekhanyayo, igesi ekhishwa emhlabathini futhi idluliselwe kubathengi ngamapayipi, igesi yemvelo, futhi ekugcineni, ipropane-butane, ethuthwa emabhodleleni ensimbi futhi ngokufingqiwe ibizwa nge РВ–gas
Glavne karakteristike ovih gasova date su u sledećoj tabeli:
Igesi Isisindo esithile esihlobene somoya Amandla okushisa
(0 - 1) ikilokalori/m3
Igesi yasemadolobheni 0,64 3600 - 4000
Igesi yemvelo 0,62 9000 - 9900
РВ - igesi 1,89 27000 - 29300
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi silandele le miyalo elandelayo: uma sizwa iphunga legesi KUQINISEKILE UKUTHI AKUVUMELEKILE ukuvula ukukhanya kukagesi, ukubasa umlilo, ukungena egumbini nezicathulo ezinamabhulokhi, ukufaka noma ukuvala ipulaki, ukuvula ifeni! Amabhodlela ensimbi egesi ye-PB akuvunyelwe ukuwasebenzisa noma ukuwagcina emakamelweni angaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi noma eduze kweminyango namafasitela, ngoba le gesi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokuba nzima kunomoya, ayikwazi ngisho nokususwa ngokungenisa umoya. Uma kukhona ukusola ukuthi igesi ikhishwe kwenye indawo, kufanele ukhumule izicathulo bese ungena ekamelweni, uvule ngokucophelela nangokuhamba kancane iminyango namafasitela.
Kufanele kuhlolwe ngokuhlelekile izixhumanisi zamapayipi, ipayipi lerabha kanye nezixhumanisi zegesi ye-PB, kanye nokusebenza kwama-valve. Akekho kulawa maphuzu ovunyelwe ukuvuza igesi. Ukuhlola ukuvuza ngenhlansi yomlilo KUYINGOZI EMPILWENI NGAKHO KUNQATSHELWE! Ukuhlola singakwenza ngokugcoba izingxenye ezisolisayo ngamanzi anensipho eningi kakhulu. Uma kuvela amabhamuza, lokho kuwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi leyo ngxenye ivuza igesi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isitofu sethu segesi sihlale sihlanzekile. Ukungcola okushile, ngaphezu kokonakalisa ukubukeka kwesitofu, kuthinta nokusha kwegesi futhi kungaba yimbangela yokucima kwelangabi nokuqhekeka ekunikezelweni. Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesitofu segesi yisitshisi noma »lula«. Empeleni, i-lula iyisibani sika-Bunsen, esisebenza ngokudlulisa igesi ngeshubhu elincane, nakuba ingcindezi yegesi ingaphezulu kancane kuphela kunengcindezi yomoya ozungezile. Ngenxa yesigaba esincane sethubhu, igesi ingena ngesivinini esikhulu emxubeni onezimbobo eziningi eceleni. Ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu sokugeleza kwegesi, umoya ozungezile uyamuncwa, okuthiwa umoya wokuqala. (sl. 1, uhlangothi lwesobunxele).
ISITHOMBE 1
Ngemigodi esekhanda lephayipi, ngakho-ke, ingxube yegesi nomoya seyigeleza, futhi lapha iphinde idonse umoya ovela ngaphandle (osekamuva) futhi. Ngenxa yalokhu kuxubana kabili kwakheka ilangabi likaBunsen elingenasooti. Ilangabi livutha ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle kokunikeza cishe nhlobo ukukhanya, kanti umongo walo uluhlaza ngokugqamile. Uma ingxube inomoya omningi, khona-ke ukusha kuba nesiphithiphithi, kuba nesooti, kanti umbala welangabi uba ophuzi. Uma ingxube inegesi eningi, kanti isivinini sokuphuma sikhulu, khona-ke igesi izophuma esikhaleni esivulekile ngokushesha kunekhono lokusha, bese ‘iyazihlukanisa’ nekhanda lephayipi, ilangabi licime. Lesi simo siyingozi kakhulu, ngoba nakuba ilangabi selicimile, igesi isaqhubeka nokuphuma. Kodwa asiyona encane ingozi isimo lapho, ngenxa yesivinini esincane kakhulu sokuphuma, kwenzeka ukubuyela kwelangabi kumxubeki futhi lapho livutha ngokuduma okuncane nokuqhuma okuncane (sl.1, uhlangothi lwesokudla). Isizathu sesivinini esikhulu kakhulu sokuphuma kwegesi singaba ukunwebeka kwe-blower noma ukwanda kwengcindezi, kanti esincane kakhulu - ukuvinjwa kwe-blower noma ukwehla kwengcindezi. Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kwenziwa ngesisekelo se-reduction valve futhi lo msebenzi kufanele unikezwe uchwepheshe. Ukushintsha i-blower enwetshiwe nakho kungafezwa kuphela uchwepheshe. I-blower evalekile ingahlanzwa, futhi kufanele ihlanzwe ngokubhoboza ngocingo oluthambile (olwethusi). Kule nqubo kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imbobo ye-blower inganwebeki, ububanzi bayo bungamakhulu ambalwa kuphela amaqhezu emilimitha. Epayiphini kubekwe ama-blower amabili. I-blower engenhla isebenzela ukusebenza okujwayelekile, kanti engenhla ephansi isebenzela ilangabi elincishisiwe. Ukunikezwa kwegesi kusuka epayipini kuya ku-blower kwenziwa nge-valve enomumo oyikhonethi (sl. 2, ingxenye engenhla).
Engxenyeni engezansi yepayipi kunesikulufu sokulungisa ilangabi. Ngaso singakwazi ukulungisa ngezinga elithile ibanga phakathi kwesishisi nengxenye engezansi yesitsha, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokushintsha indawo yepayipi kushintsha futhi indawo ehlobene phakathi kwekesi le-valve nepipha, okuthinta kakhulu umphumela wokufaka nokumunca womxube. Ngokuphakamisa igridi yokushisa, ipayipi lingakwazi ukugudluzwa kalula liye phezulu futhi likhishwe. Izingxenye ezivalekile zepayipi, igridi kanye nesivalo, zingahlanzwa ngesibhrashi esiqinile ku-soot nasezinsalweni zokudla ezishile. Ngemva kokuhlanza izingxenye kufanele zigezwe kahle ngensipho yokuhlanza futhi kuphela ngemva kokoma ngokuphelele zibuyiselwe endaweni yazo (fig. 2, maphakathi).
Ebusika ukufudumeza ikhishi kungaxazululwa ngelangabi lesitofu. Lokho kubonakala kuphela njengokuthandekayo futhi kuwongayo. Empeleni, ngokushiswa kwe-cubic meter eyodwa yegesi kukhiqizwa 600 amagremu amanzi ekamelweni ngendlela yomusi wamanzi. Lawa manzi anamathisela ifenisha, ageleze kuyo futhi ayingcolise, futhi ayingozi empilweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umoya ekamelweni uzochithwa ngokushesha, futhi ngalokho nomoya-mpilo. Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ngezinga elincane kungabangela ikhanda kanye nobuthi obuncane. kodwa kuvame ukwenzeka nokuthi okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo okuncishisiwe akwanele ukuvutha ngakho ilangabi liyacima, kanti ukuphuma kwegesi kuyaqhubeka.
ISITHOMBE 2
Kulezi zimo abantu abasegumbini babhekene nobungozi bokufakwa ubuthi. Uma kungekho muntu egumbini, lapho kungena futhi kuvulwa ukukhanya kukagesi isakhiwo sonke singaqhuma. Ngakho-ke uma kuphunywa efulethini, kudingeka kunakwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi ukunikezwa kwegesi kuvalwe ngokuphelele. Kumele futhi kushiwo ukuthi emishinini emikhulu yegesi kusetshenziswa okuthiwa ama-burner egesi ehlanzekile. Ngokungafani nama-Bunsen burner awuxutshiwe ngaphambi nesibhakabhaka, ngakho umbala welangabi kuwona uphuzi kancane.
Ukushisisa ngokuhamba komoya
Za zagrevanje se često koristi gas. Nažalost, infracrvena grejna tela su vrlo problematična i zato ih manje preporučujemo, a preporučujemo konvekciono zagrevanje. (Konvekcija – strujanje toplog vazduha). Prednost ove gasne peći je u tome što se vazduh potreban za sagorevanje i produkti sagorevanja uvlače spolja, a sagoreli gasovi odvode van prostorije. Prema tome, za peć nije potreban dimnjak, već je potreban jedan slobodan zid prostorije koji je u dodiru sa spoljnim vazduhom, jer se konvektor može postaviti samo na takav zid.
Ukushisa okwenziwa ku-convector yegesi kudluliselwa emoyeni ozungezile ngokusebenzisa indlela yegobolondo lesithando, kanti umoya ngenxa yomthelela wokushisa wenza ukunyakaza okuyindilinga. Okuhle kakhulu ukufaka i-convector ngaphansi kwefasitela, ngoba lapho kungena umoya obandayo egumbini futhi ngalokho nomphumela wokushisa uba mkhulu kakhulu. Umthelela oqondile wokushisa we-convector ngemisakazo mncane uma kuqhathaniswa.
Indawo yokushisa ye-convector yegesi ivaliwe ngokuphelele, (okusho ukuthi ayinciki emoyeni wegumbi), umoya odingekayo wokushisa utholwa ngaphandle, kanti nemikhiqizo yokushisa iphuma ngeshubhu eliphindwe kabili iye endaweni evulekile. Ukugeleza emuva akunakwenzeka, ngoba amagesi entuthu ayaphuma, kanti umoya ungena ngaphansi kwengcindezi efanayo, okusho ukuthi inqubo yenzeka endaweni enengcindezi efanayo. Ngale ndlela sekusengaphambili kuqinisekisiwe ukungenisa umoya okuhle kanye nokushisa okuvela emikhiqizweni yokushisa (umf. 2, ngezansi kwesokudla).
Ivalvu ye-convector yegesi ingalawulwa futhi idivayisi ifakwe okuthiwa isivikelo sokushoda kwegesi. isishisi esinjengevemvane nesivikelo somlilo wokuthungela. Ingxenye ephezulu yekhava ye-convector yegesi ngokuvamile inembobo. Izinga lokusebenza kahle kwe-convector liphezulu kakhulu futhi lilinganiselwa cishe ku 80 - 85% ngakho-ke ingasetshenziswa nasekufudumezeni amakamelo amakhulu (30-40 m2). Egumbini elilodwa kungafakwa ama-convector amaningi uma kudingeka. Ezingxenyeni ze-block noma zephaneli zezakhiwo zezindawo zokuhlala ezintsha, sekuvele ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwalezi zingxenye kwenziwa izimbobo ze-convector. Lokhu nakho kukhombisa ukuthi ukufudumeza nge-convector kuyindlela yesimanje yokufudumeza.
Umbandela wokuqala wokufakwa kwama-convector yimvume yokwakha efanele, kanti ukufakwa kungenziwa kuphela yinkampani noma ingcweti eqeqeshwe ngalokho.
Kufanele futhi sisho ukuthi ukufudumeza ngegesi kudla kakhulu umoya-mpilo wekamelo. Uma kungaqinisekisiwe umoya omusha ngendlela efanele, ngenxa yokushoda komoya-mpilo ilangabi lizocima, kanti igesi enobuthi izoqhubeka nokuphuma ingene egumbini. (Emishinini emisha kakade kufakwa ama-valve okulawula avala ukunikezwa kwegesi uma ilangabi licisha).
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukufudumeza ngogesi kunikeza ukunethezeka okukhulu kunakho konke, kodwa futhi kubiza kakhulu. Izinto zokushisisa zikagesi ezisuka ku-220 V kanye no-0,5 kuya ku-10 kW zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngokulandela ngokuqinile imithethonqubo. Ukufakwa (ukuhlanganiswa) nokunakekelwa kwalezi zinsiza kuwumsebenzi wabachwepheshe kuphela. Ngaphezu kokuthi izindlela zesimanje zokufudumeza ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa kakhulu, emakhaya kusasetshenziswa kakhulu indlela evamile yokufudumeza ngeziko. Lapha kufakwa neziko ezisebenzisa uwoyela wokubasa, ngoba zihluka kuphela ngokuthi kuneziko ezisebenzisa amalahle ngendlela yokuthi zifuthwa kancane futhi ngendlela ehlukile.
Ukuze kufudunyezwe ngokomnotho kudingeka kwaziwe amandla okushisa ezibaseli ezahlukene, inani lomoya elidingekayo ukuze kushiswe, kanye nesikhala esidingekayo sokugcina uphethiloli. Ngalezi zinkomba ithebula lethu elilandelayo linikeza imininingwane. Ekuhlaziyeni le datha kungaphethwa futhi ukuthi “uphethiloli obizayo ushibhile”.
